[813] _Walker's Pimas, MS._; _Mange_, _Itinerario_, in _Doc. Hist.

Mex._, serie iv., tom. i., p. 299. 'Usan de hilo torcido unas redes y otras de varios palitos, que los tuercen y juntan por las puntas.'

_Sedelmair_, _Relacion_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii., tom. iv., pp.

851-2.

[814] 'Hacen de la Masa de Ma'z por la manana Atole.... Tambien hacen Tamales, y Tortillas.' _Torquemada_, _Monarq. Ind._, tom. i., p. 679.

'The fruit of the petajaya ... is dried in the sun.' _Cremony's Apaches_, pp. 89, 91, 106, 111-12. 'From the suwarrow (Cereus Giganteus) and pitaya they make an excellent preserve.' _Emory's Rept. U. S. and Mex. Boundary Survey_, vol. i., p. 123. See also _Ives' Colorado Riv._, pp. 31, 45, 121, 123, 126; _Carleton_, in _Smithsonian Rept._, 1854, p.

308; _Ten Broeck_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., pp. 8, 76; _Coronado_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, tom. iii., p. 378; _Simpson's Jour.

Mil. Recon._, pp. 113, 115; _Castaneda_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. ix., pp. 61, 71, 164, 170-2; _Davis' El Gringo_, pp. 114, 119, 121-2, 147-8; _Mollhausen_, _Tagebuch_, pp. 218-9, 285.

[815] _Ives' Colorado Riv._, pp. 119-20, 124. 'Ils vont faire leurs odeurs au loin, et ra.s.semblent les urines dans de grands vases de terre que l'on va vider hors du village.' _Castaneda_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. ix., p. 171.

[816] 'The only defensive armor they use is a rude shield made of raw bull-hide.' _Davis' El Gringo_, pp. 145-6. 'Bows and arrows, and the wooden boomerang.' _Colyer_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1869, p. 91. The Papagos 'armes sont la ma.s.sue, la lance et l'arc; ils portent aussi une cuira.s.se et un bouclier en peau de buffle.' _Soc. Geog._, _Bulletin_, serie v., No. 96, p. 188. For further comparisons see _Whipple, Ewbank, and Turner's Rept._, p. 30, in _Pac. R. R. Rept._, vol. iii.; _Gregg's Com. Prairies_, vol. i., p. 280; _De Laet_, _Novus...o...b..s_, p. 300; _Larenaudiere_, _Mex. et Guat._, p. 147; _Pike's Explor. Trav._, p. 342; _Niza_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, tom. iii., p. 372; _Muhlenpfordt_, _Mejico_, tom. ii., pt. ii., p. 528.; _Mange_, _Itinerario_, in _Doc.

Hist. Mex._, serie iv., tom. i., p. 299; _Sedelmair_, in _Id._, serie iii., tom. iv., p. 851; _Salmeron_, _Relaciones_, in _Id._, p. 106; _Bartlett's Pers. Nar._, vol. ii., pp. 217, 237.

[817] Bows 'of strong willow-boughs.' _Walker's Pimas, MS._ 'Bows are six feet in length, and made of a very tough and elastic kind of wood, which the Spaniards call Tarnio.' _Pattie's Pers. Nar._, pp. 91, 149.

[818] The Pima 'arrows differ from those of all the Apache tribes in having only two feathers.' _Cremony's Apaches_, p. 103. 'War arrows have stone points and three feathers; hunting arrows, two feathers and a wooden point.' _Walker's Pimas, MS._; _Coronado_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, tom. iii., p. 380.

[819] The Pimas: 'Flechas, ennervadas con el eficaz mortifero veneno que componen de varias ponzonas, y el zumo de la yerba llamada en pima _Usap_.' _Mange_, _Itinerario_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iv., tom.

i., p. 307. 'Die Spitzen ihrer Pfeile ... welche mit einer dunklen Substanz uberzogen waren. Sie behaupteten, da.s.s diese aus Schlangengift bestehe, was mir indess unwahrscheinlich ist.' _Froebel_, _Aus Amerika_, tom. ii., p. 438; _Castaneda_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. ix., pp. 59, 107, 126.

[820] 'Una macana, como clava o porra.... Estas son de un palo muy duro y pesado.' _Sonora_, _Descrip. Geog._, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii., tom. iv., p. 556. 'Macanas, que son vnas palos de media vara de largo, y llanos todos de pedernales agudos, que bastan a partir por medio vn hombre.' _Espejo_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, tom. iii., pp. 386, 393.

[821] 'De grosses pierres avaient ete ra.s.semblees au sommet, pour les rouler sur quiconque attaquerait la place.' _Gallatin_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1851, tom. cx.x.xi., p. 270. 'They have placed around all the trails leading to the town, pits, ten feet deep.' _Ten Broeck_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 81. See further, _Coronado_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, vol. iii., p. 376; _Browne's Apache Country_, p. 279; _Sonora_, _Descrip. Geog._, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii., tom. iv., p. 840; _Castaneda_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. ix., p. 179.

[822] 'Painted to the eyes, their own heads and their horses covered with all the strange equipments that the brute creation could afford.'

_Emory's Reconnoissance_, p. 37.

[823] 'Sometimes a fellow would stoop almost to the earth, to shoot under his horse's belly, at full speed.' _Emory's Reconnoissance_, p.

37.

[824] _Walker's Pimas, MS._

[825] _Cremony's Apaches_, p. 106.

[826] _Gregg's Com. Prairies_, vol. i., pp. 274-5; _Browne's Apache Country_, p. 104; _Pattie's Pers. Nar._, pp. 93, 148; _Cutts' Conq. of Cal._, p. 223; _Soc. Geog._, _Bulletin_, serie v., No. 96, p. 188.

[827] _Ten Broeck_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., pp. 78-9; _Murr_, _Nachrichten_, p. 206; _Cremony's Apaches_, pp. 108-9.

[828] _Walker's Pimas, MS._; _Gallatin_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1851, tom. cx.x.xi., pp. 292-4.

[829] Baskets and pottery 'are ornamented with geometrical figures.'

_Bartlett's Pers. Nar._, vol. i., p. 382, vol. ii., pp. 227-8, 236.

'Schusselformige runde Korbe (Coritas), diese flechten sie aus einem hornformigen, gleich einer Ahle spitzigen Unkraute.' _Murr_, _Nachrichten_, p. 193. The Pueblos had 'de la vaiselle de terre tres-belle, bien vernie et avec beaucoup d'ornements. On y vit aussi de grands jarres remplies d'un metal brillant qui servait a faire le vernis de cette faence.' _Castaneda_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. ix., pp. 138, 173, 185; see also _Niza_, in _Id._, p. 259. 'They (Pueblos) vse vessels of gold and siluer.' _Niza_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, vol. iii., p. 372; _Mollhausen_, _Tagebuch_, pp. 216, 271, 273, 279; _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 435; _Marcy's Army Life_, pp. 97, 111; _Carleton_, in _Smithsonian Rept._, 1854, p. 308; _Palmer_, in _Harper's Mag._, vol. xvii., pp. 457, 459; _Gregg's Com. Prairies_, vol.

i., p. 278; _Foster's Pre-Hist. Races_, p. 393; _Simpson's Jour. Mil.

Recon._, p. 97; _Muhlenpfordt_, _Mejico_, tom. ii., pt. ii., p. 425; _Coronado_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, vol. iii., p. 380; _Browne's Apache Country_, pp. 68, 109, 112, 276.

[830] 'All the inhabitants of the Citie (Cibola) lie vpon beddes raysed a good height from the ground, with quilts and canopies ouer them, which couer the sayde Beds.' _Niza_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, vol. iii., p. 370; _Id._, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. ix., p. 271. The Quires had 'umbracula (vulgo Tirazoles) quibus Sinenses utuntur Solis, Lunae, et Stellarum imaginibus eleganter picta.' _De Laet_, _Novus...o...b..s_, p. 312; _Espejo_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, vol. iii., p. 393. The Moquis' chief men have pipes made of smooth polished stone. _Ten Broeck_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., p. 87; _Ives' Colorado Riv._, p. 121.

[831] _Ten Broeck_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., pp. 72, 76, 87.

'Sie flechten von zartgeschlitzten Palmen auf Damastart die schonsten ganz leichten Huthe, aus einem Stucke.' _Murr_, _Nachrichten_, p. 192.

The Maricopa blankets will turn rain. _Cremony's Apaches_, pp. 106, 90.

The Moquis wove blankets from the wool of their sheep, and made cotton cloth from the indigenous staple. _Poston_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1863, p. 388. The Maricopas make a heavy cloth of wool and cotton, 'used by the women to put around their loins; and an article from 3 to 4 inches wide, used as a band for the head, or a girdle for the waist.'

_Bartlett's Pers. Nar._, vol. ii., p. 224. 'Rupicaprarum tergora eminebant (among the Yumanes) tam industrie praeparata ut c.u.m Belgicis certarent.' _De Laet_, _Novus...o...b..s_, p. 310.

[832] _De Laet_, _Novus...o...b..s_, p. 301; _Emory's Rept. U. S. and Mex.

Boundary Survey_, vol. i., pp. 117, 123; _Gallatin_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1851, tom. cx.x.xi., p. 290; _Simpson's Jour. Mil.

Recon._, pp. 91, 113, 115; _Ten Broeck_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol.

iv., pp. 81, 86; _Eaton_, in _Id._, vol. iv., p. 221; _Emory_, in _Fremont and Emory's Notes of Trav._, p. 48; see further _Ind. Aff.

Reports_, from 1854 to 1872; _Browne's Apache Country_, p. 290. 'These Papagos regularly visit a salt lake, which lies near the coast and just across the line of Sonora, from which they pack large quant.i.ties of salt, and find a ready market at Tubac and Tucson.' _Walker_, in _Ind.

Aff. Rept._, 1859, p. 352, and 1860, p. 168. 'Many Pimas had jars of the mola.s.ses expressed from the fruit of the Cereus Giganteus.' _Emory_, in _Fremont and Emory's Notes of Trav._, p. 48.

[833] 'Die Vernichtung des Eigenthums eines Vers...o...b..nen,--einen unglucklichen Gebrauch der jeden materiellen Fortschritt unmoglich macht.' _Froebel_, _Aus Amerika_, tom. i., p. 437. 'The right of inheritance is held by the females generally, but it is often claimed by the men also.' _Gorman_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1858, p. 200. 'All the effects of the deceased (Pima) become common property: his grain is distributed; his fields shared out to those who need land; his chickens and dogs divided up among the tribe.' _Browne's Apache Country_, pp. 69, 112; _Ives' Colorado Riv._, p. 121; _Gallatin_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1851, tom. cx.x.xi., p. 262; _Niza_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. ix., pp. 264, 265, 267, 268; _Id._, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, vol. iii., p. 372. The Zunis 'will sell nothing for money, but dispose of their commodities entirely in barter.' _Simpson's Jour. Mil.

Recon._, p. 91. The Pimos 'wanted white beads for what they had to sell, and knew the value of money.' _Cutts' Conq. of Cal._, p. 188; _Castaneda_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. xi., pp. 164, 72. 'Ils apporterent des coquillages, des turquoises et des plumes.'

_Cabeza de Vaca_, _Relation_, in _Id._, tom. vii., p. 274; _Diaz_, in _Id._, tom. xi., p. 294; _Coronado_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, vol. iii., p.

377. Many of the Pueblo Indians are rich, 'one family being worth over one hundred thousand dollars. They have large flocks.' _Colyer_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1869, p. 89; _Mollhausen_, _Tagebuch_, p. 144.

[834] _Gregg's Com. Prairies_, vol. i., p. 278; _Davis' El Gringo_, p.

147; _Scenes in the Rocky Mts._, p. 177; _Palmer_, in _Harper's Mag._, vol. xvii., p. 458; _Coronado_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, tom. iii., p. 380; _Mollhausen_, _Tagebuch_, p. 284.

[835] 'Estos ahijados tienen mucho oro y lo benefician.' _Salmeron_, _Relaciones_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iii., tom. i., p. 28. 'They vse vessels of gold and siluer, for they have no other mettal.' _Niza_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, vol. iii., p. 372; _Castaneda_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. ix., pp. 2, 133; _Espejo_, in _Hakluyt's Voy._, vol. iii., pp. 386-8, 393-5; _Monta.n.u.s_, _Nieuwe Weereld_, p. 217; _Diaz_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom.

ix., p. 294.

[836] Pueblo government purely democratic; election held once a year.

'Besides the officers elected by universal suffrage, the princ.i.p.al chiefs compose a "council of wise men."' _Davis' El Gringo_, pp. 142-4.

'One of their regulations is to appoint a secret watch for the purpose of keeping down disorders and vices of every description.' _Gregg's Com.

Prairies_, vol. i., p. 274. See further: _Castaneda_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. ix., pp. 61, 168; _Niza_, in _Id._, p. 269; _Palmer_, in _Harper's Mag._, vol. xvii., p. 455; _De Laet_, _Novus...o...b..s_, p. 298; _Wislizenus' Tour_, p. 26; _Mayer's Mex., Aztec, etc._, vol. ii., p. 359; _Gallatin_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1851, tom. cxxi., p. 277; _Stanley's Portraits_, p. 55.

[837] _Ten Broeck_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., pp. 85, 76; _Marcy's Army Life_, p. 108.

[838] 'Gobierno no tienen alguno, ni leyes, tradiciones o costumbres con que goberna.r.s.e.' _Mange_, _Itinerario_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iv., tom. i., p. 366. 'Cada cual gobernado por un anciano, y todas por el general de la nacion.' _Escudero_, _Noticias de Sonora y Sinaloa_, p.

142; _Murr_, _Nachrichten_, p. 267. Compare: _Grossman_, in _Ind. Aff.

Rept._, 1870, p. 124; _Mowry_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1859, p. 356; _Walker's Pimas, MS._

[839] 'Un homme n'epouse jamais plus d'une seule femme.' _Castaneda_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. ix., p. 164; _Ten Broeck_, in _Schoolcraft's Arch._, vol. iv., pp. 86-7; _Ward_, in _Ind. Aff.

Rept._, 1864, p. 190.

[840] 'Ils traitent bien leurs femmes.' _Castaneda_, in _Ternaux-Compans_, _Voy._, serie i., tom. ix., p. 126. 'Desde que maman los Ninos, los laban sus Madres con Nieve todo el cuerpo.' _Torquemada_, _Monarq. Ind._, tom. i., p. 679; _Ives' Colorado Riv._, p. 123; _Scenes in the Rocky Mts._, p. 178.

[841] 'Early marriages occur ... but the relation is not binding until progeny results.' _Poston_, in _Ind. Aff. Rept._, 1864, p. 152. 'No girl is forced to marry against her will, however eligible her parents may consider the match.' _Bartlett's Pers. Nar._, vol. ii., p. 222-4; _Davis' El Gringo_, p. 146; _Cremony's Apaches_, p. 105; _Browne's Apache Country_, p. 112.

[842] 'Si el marido y mujer se desavienen y los hijos non pequenos, se arriman a cualquiera de los dos y cada uno gana por su lado.' _Mange_, _Itinerario_, in _Doc. Hist. Mex._, serie iv., tom. i., p. 369. 'Tanto los papagos occidentales, como los citados gilas desconocen la poligamia.' _Velasco_, _Noticias de Sonora_, p. 161. 'Among the Pimas loose women are tolerated.' _Cremony's Apaches_, pp. 102-4; _Ruxton_, in _Nouvelles Annales des Voy._, 1850, tom. cxxvi., p. 59; _Emory's Rept.

U. S. and Mex. Boundary Survey_, vol. i., p. 117.

[843] 'The Pimas also cultivate a kind of tobacco, this, which is very light, they make up into cigaritos, never using a pipe.' _Walker's Pimas, MS._ The Pueblos 'sometimes get intoxicated.' _Walker_, in _Ind.

Aff. Rept._, 1860, p. 169. The Pueblos 'are generally free from drunkenness.' _Davis' El Gringo_, p. 146. _Cremony's Apaches_, p. 112; _Froebel_, _Aus Amerika_, tom. ii., p. 446; _Murr_, _Nachrichten_, p.

249.