Quinine 1-2 dr. 5-10 gr. 50-60 gr. 5-10 gr. 1-2 gr.

Rhubarb 1-2 oz. 1 dr. 1-2 oz. 1 dr. 5-10 gr.

Saltpeter 1-3 dr. .5-1 dr. 2-4 dr. .5-1 dr. 2-10 gr.

Soda 2 oz. 2-4 dr. 1-1.5 oz. 1-3 dr. 20-50 gr.

Subnitrate of Bismuth 2 dr. 10-30 gr. 1-2 dr. 5-20 gr. 3-10 gr.

Sulphur 3-4 oz. 1-2 oz. 2-4 oz. 1-2 oz. 1-4 dr.

Turpentine 2 oz. 1-4 dr. 1-2 oz. 1 dr. 20-50 dp.

CHAPTER VI

RESPIRATION

The number of respirations per minute varies with the different classes of animals; as a rule, the larger the animal, the slower the respiration.

The Horse 8 to 10 Cattle 12 to 15 Sheep and Goats 12 to 20 The Dog 15 to 20 Swine 10 to 15

The rate of breathing is increased from the processes of digestion immediately after eating, or may increase from exercise.

NORMAL TEMPERATURE OF THE HORSE

From 2 to 5 years old the temperature is 100.6 degrees Fahr.

From 5 to 10 years old the temperature is 100.4 degrees Fahr.

From 10 to 15 years old the temperature is 100 degrees Fahr.

From 15 to 20 years old the temperature is 98.4 to 100.2 degrees Fahr.

Sex appears to slightly influence temperature: Stallion 100 degrees Fahr.

Mare 100.8 degrees Fahr.

Gelding 100.4 degrees Fahr.

The time of day when temperature is taken is important, the lowest body temperature being at 4 a.m., and the highest at 6 p.m. New born foals'

temperature will run from 102 to 104 degrees Fahr.

TEMPERATURE OF CATTLE

Normal temperature is from 101.8 to 102 degrees Fahr.

Compared with the horse, the daily variations are small.

TEMPERATURE OF SHEEP AND GOATS

In these animals the greatest variation in temperature occurs, viz.: 100.9 to 105.8 degrees Fahr. In the majority of cases the temperature probably will be between 103.6 and 104.4 degrees Fahr. The cause of this variation is unknown.

TEMPERATURE OF SWINE

The average temperature is 103.3 degrees Fahr., varying from 100.9 to 105.4 degrees Fahr.

TEMPERATURE OF THE DOG

The dog is subject to important variations depending on the external temperature; it varies from 99.5 to 101.7 degrees Fahr., although in some localities it is as high as 100.9, 101.3 and 101.7 degrees Fahr.

Feeding will increase the temperature, and it is also higher toward evening.

PULSE THROBS PER MINUTE Per Minute The Horse 36 to 40 Cattle 45 to 50 Sheep and Goats 70 to 80 The Dog 70 to 80 Swine 90 to 100

The pulse in the young is much more rapid than in the adult animal; that of a foal at birth beats 100 to 102 per minute, while that of a calf will go to 130 per minute. In old age the pulsation becomes reduced and the arteries much weaker. The pulse rate in large animals is less than in smaller ones, as for instance, an elephant's pulse rate is from 25 to 28 beats per minute. The more rapid the pulse, the greater the quantity of blood in circulation.

AVERAGE PERIODS OF GESTATION OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS

Mare 11 months Ass 12 months Cow 9 months Sheep 5 months Goat 5 months Sow 3-1/2 months Bitch 9 weeks Cat 8 weeks

AVERAGE PERIOD OF INCUBATION

Chicken 20 to 22 days Geese 28 to 34 days Duck 28 to 30 days Turkey 27 to 29 days Pigeon 18 days Guinea Fowl 28 days Pheasant 25 days Ostrich 40 to 42 days Canary Bird 14 days

VETERINARY FACTS AND ADVICE TO REMEMBER

1. Cleanliness of body and surroundings is a necessity in the treatment of animals.

2. Pure air, avoiding drafts, is equally essential.

3. Light, excepting in the treatment of eye diseases, is greatly to be desired. Darkness, while soothing to the eye, tends to prolong germ life and disease.

4. Keep dry--dampness breeds disease.

5. Keep warm--in chilly weather, blanket the sick animal, hand rub limbs and bandage with woolen cloths.

6. Exercise with care--excessive and insufficient exercise are both injurious.

7. Feed with care--green grass, in medium quantity, and vegetables are cooling to the blood, easily digested and exert a slight laxative effect. Grain feed is nutritious and strengthening, but it is not required in any quantity by a horse not working. Be sure that all feed is fresh and clean.

8. Drinking water must be pure--impure water carries many disease germs.

Also avoid giving water in large quantities, especially if water is very cold.

9. Disinfection involves little time or expense, but is invaluable. Coal tar products which emulsify in water (1 part coal tar products to 50-75 parts water) should be freely and occasionally sprinkled about yards and buildings.

If only these few fundamental and common-sense principles were followed by stock raisers, a very large percentage of the ills and diseases of domestic animals would be lastingly prevented.

DRENCHING