Jenks, '78, was for many years Professor of Social Science and Economics and now holds a research professorship in New York University. L.M.

Dennis, '85, is also Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at Cornell.

As is natural, many Michigan teachers are to be found in practically all the Western universities, although only a few can be mentioned. Thus at Chicago are Andrew C. McLaughlin, '82, Professor of American History, James R. Angell, '90, who was Professor of Psychology and Dean of the Graduate School until he became President of the Carnegie Foundation in 1920; and at Wisconsin, J.B. Johnson, '78, who was, until his death in 1902, Dean of the Engineering College, and George C. Comstock, '77, Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Observatory; while at Minnesota Edward Vand.y.k.e Robinson, '90, is Professor of Economics, and John B. Johnston, '93, Professor of Comparative Neurology and Dean of the College, and for a short period the late John R. Allen, '92_e_, formerly at Michigan, was Dean of the Engineering Department. At Ohio State University may be mentioned Stillman W. Robinson, '63, Professor of Mechanical Engineering until 1910, George W. Knight, '78, Professor of American History, and Joseph V. Denney, '85, Professor of English, and Dean of the College of Arts; and, at Nebraska, Herbert H. Vaughan, '03, Professor of Modern Languages. One of the oldest of Michigan's educators is Professor William J. Beal, '59, Professor of Botany at Michigan Agricultural College from 1871 to 1910.

On the Western coast, Alexander F. Lange, '85, Professor of German at the University of California, and Dean of the Faculties, has also served as Acting-President; while other representatives of Michigan are Charles M. Gayley, '78, Professor of English, Bernard Moses, '70, Professor of History and Political Science, and Armin O. Leuschner, '88, Professor of Astronomy. At Stanford are George Hempl, '79, Professor of Germanic Philology, Ephraim D. Adams, '87, Professor of History, and Douglas Campbell, '82, Professor of Botany.

Among Michigan graduates in foreign universities may be mentioned the names of Stephen Langdon, '98, Professor of a.s.syriology at Oxford, the late Alfred Senier, '74_m_, Professor of Chemistry at the National University of Ireland at Galway, and Masakozu Toyama, '73-'76, Dean of the College of Literature at Tokio until his death in 1900, and founder of the study of sociology in j.a.pan.

Though most of the men of attainment in science have continued in University positions, Robert S. Woodward, 72_e_, President of the Carnegie Inst.i.tution, Charles F. Brush, '69_e_, the inventor of the arc light, Otto Klotz, '72_e_, Director of the Dominion of Canada Observatory at Ottawa, William W. Campbell, '86_e_, Director of the Lick Observatory, and Heber D. Curtiss, '92, at the same observatory, may be mentioned as exceptions. All but the last were graduates of the Engineering Department, among whose graduates are also to be numbered A.A. Robinson, '69_e_, the late President of the Santa Fe and Mexican Central railroads, Alfred n.o.ble, '70_e_, until his death the leading American engineer, Henry G. Prout, '71_e_, one time governor of the Equatorial Provinces of Africa and later editor of the _Railroad Gazette_, Cornelius Donovan, '72_e_, the builder of the great jetties at the mouth of the Mississippi, Joseph Ripley, '76, the designer of the Panama Ca.n.a.l locks, and Howard Coffin, '03, automobile engineer, and chairman of the war-time aviation board.

Aside from the graduates of the Medical School who have made distinguished records on other medical faculties, the names of many prominent pract.i.tioners and medical writers might be mentioned, including Edmund Andrews, '49, '52_m_, an organizer of the Medical School of Northwestern University, and founder of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, Lewis S.F. Pilcher, '66_m_, the founder of _The Annals of Surgery_, William J. Mayo, '83_m_, the distinguished surgeon of Rochester, Minnesota, and Woods Hutchinson, '84_m_, of New York, a popular writer on medical subjects. Among the Michigan graduates who have made a record in the legal profession are to be found an unusual number of distinguished occupants of the bench, including William L.

Day, '70, of the United States Supreme Court, who was Secretary of State under McKinley and Chairman of the Board of Peace Commissioners after the war with Spain, William B. Gilbert, '72_l_, Judge of the Ninth U.S.

Circuit at Portland, Oregon, Loyal E. Knappen, '73, and Arthur Dennison, '83_l_, of the Sixth Circuit, and Francis E. Baker, '82_l_, of the Seventh Circuit. There are twelve other Michigan graduates in the Federal District judiciary in addition to John E. Carland, _l_'74-'75, Circuit Judge a.s.signed to the Court of Commerce at Washington, and Fenton W. Booth, '92_l_, of the U.S. Court of Claims. Among legal authors are Melvin M. Bigelow, '66, '68_l_, Dean of the Boston University Law School, and recognized authority on jurisprudence and legal history, William W. Cook, '80, '82_l_, who not only has been a great benefactor to the University, but is perhaps the best-known author on private corporations, as well as counsel for several of the leading telegraph and cable companies.

Among the graduates of the University in high government positions have been Don M. d.i.c.kinson, '67, Postmaster-General under Cleveland, and J.

Sterling Morton, '54, Secretary of Agriculture during Cleveland's second term, when Edwin F. Uhl, '62, was also acting Secretary of State and later Amba.s.sador to Germany. Other diplomatic posts have been filled by Thomas W. Palmer, '49, Minister to Spain under Harrison, William E.

Quinby, '58, Minister to Holland under Cleveland, Thomas J. O'Brien, '65_l_, Minister to Denmark and later Amba.s.sador to j.a.pan and Italy under Roosevelt and Taft, and William Graves Sharp, '81_l_, Amba.s.sador to France under Wilson. Michigan has for many years had a large representation in both Houses of Congress; for example in 1913 there were eight former students of the University in the Senate, of whom five held degrees, and twenty-two in the House. Senator Cushman K. Davis, '57, who died in 1900, was among the conspicuous leaders of his time, while of the present generation are Porter J. Mcc.u.mber, '80_l_, of North Dakota, Gilbert Hitchc.o.c.k, 81_l_, of Nebraska, and Charles S. Thomas, '71_l_, and John F. Shafroth, '75, of Colorado.

In various forms of public service as well as in the business world Michigan's graduates occupy prominent places: William C. Braisted, '83, is Surgeon-General of the Navy, Laurence Maxwell, '74, succeeded Charles H. Aldrich, '75, as Solicitor-General of the State Department in 1893, Major-General John Biddle, who left the University for West Point in 1877, served as chief of staff, and later head of the American forces in England during the world war, Charles S. Burch, '75, is now Bishop of the New York Diocese, Dean C. Worcester, '89, was Secretary of the Interior on the Philippine Commission, Charles B. Warren, '91, has been counsel for this country before the Hague Tribunal, Royal S. Copeland, '84_h_, is Health Commissioner for New York City, and Earl D. Babst, '93, is President of the American Sugar Refining Company. Among architects Michigan numbers Irving K. Pond, '79, the designer of the Union, and President of the American Inst.i.tute of Architects, 1910-11, and among landscape architects, O.C. Simonds, '78_e_, of Chicago.

Many alumni have turned to literature, and the names of not a few, particularly among the more recent graduates, are continuously appearing in different magazines and reviews. Particularly well known are Stewart Edward White, '95, Katharine Holland Brown, '98, Franklin P. Adams, '03, and Harry A. Franck, '03, no less well known as an unconventional traveler. Michigan has also left her mark in journalism, from Liberty E.

Holden, '58, editor and publisher of the Cleveland _Plain Dealer_ and William E. Quinby, of the same cla.s.s, of the old _Detroit Free Press_, to Edward S. Beck, '93, managing editor of the Chicago _Tribune_, S.

Beach Conger, '00, who was in charge of the European service of the a.s.sociated Press during the Great War, Paul Scott Mowrer, a one-time member of the cla.s.s of '09, who was the Paris representative of the Chicago _Daily News_, and Karl Harriman, '98, editor of the _Ladies Home Journal_ and author of "Ann Arbor Tales," (1902).

As with the men so with the women graduates of the University. Their ranks include, in addition to the President of Wellesley, many important positions in the university world, including Angie Chapin, '75, Professor of Greek, and the late Katharine Coman, '80, Professor of History and Economics, at Wellesley, and Gertrude Buck, '94, Professor of English at Va.s.sar. Among alumnae particularly prominent in science are Mrs. Mary Hegeler Carus, '90_e_, the first woman to graduate from the Engineering College, who is president of a large manufacturing company and secretary of the Open Court Publishing Company, and the late Marion S. Parker, '95_e_, who as a structural engineer has had a large share in the designing of some of the monumental buildings of New York.

Annie S. Peck, '78, is also well known as a traveler and mountain climber.

In the medical profession there have been many alumnae of prominence, notably Dr. Alice Hamilton, '93_m_, who has recently become a.s.sistant Professor of Industrial Medicine in the Harvard Medical School, and Dr.

Harriet Alexander, who has become an authority on diseases of the nervous system. Two Chinese graduates of the medical school, Dr. Ida Kahn, '96_m_, and Dr. Mary Stone, '96_m_, have done a great work for their fellow countrymen in their large hospital at Kiu Kiang.