[359] _Ethnography_, p. 248.

[360] _Tribes and Castes_, vol. ii. p. 141.

[361] Panna Lal, Revenue Inspector.

[362] _Sorghum halepense_.

[363] _Sh.o.r.ea robusta_.

[364] In Bilaspur the men have an iron comb in the hair with a circular end and two p.r.o.ngs like a fork. Women do not wear this.

[365] _Jungle Life in India_, p. 134.

[366] This article is compiled from papers by Pyare Lal Misra, Ethnographic clerk, and Hazari Lal, Manager, Court of Wards, Chanda.

[367] The basil plant.

[368] _Bilaspur Settlement Report_ (1868), p. 49.

[369] From a note by Mr. Gauri Shankar, Manager, Court of Wards, Drug.

[370] With the exception of the historical notice, this article is princ.i.p.ally based on a paper by Mr. Muhammad Yusuf, reader to Mr. C.E. Low, Deputy Commissioner of Balaghat.

[371] Tod's _Rajasthan_, ii. p. 407.

[372] Foreign elements in the Hindu population, _Ind. Ant._ (January 1911), vol. xl.

[373] _Early History of India_ (Oxford, Clarendon Press), 3rd ed., p. 303.

[374] _Ibidem_, 2nd ed., p. 288.

[375] _Ibidem_, p. 316.

[376] _Early History of India_ (Oxford, Clarendon Press), 3rd ed., p. 319.

[377] _Garret's Cla.s.sical Dictionary of Hinduism_, _s.v._ Jamadagni and Rama.

[378] The following extract is taken from Mr. V.A. Smith's _Early History of India_, 3rd ed. pp. 395, 396. The pa.s.sage has been somewhat abridged in reproduction.

[379] Malcolm, i. p. 26.

[380] _Rajasthan_, ii. p. 215.

[381] A similar instance in Europe is related by Colonel Tod, concerning the origin of the Madrid Restaurant in the Bois de Boulogne at Paris. After Francis I had been captured by the Spaniards he was allowed to return to his capital, on pledging his parole that he would go back to Madrid. But the delights of liberty and Paris were too much for honour; and while he wavered a hint was thrown out similar to that of destroying the clay city. A mock Madrid arose in the Bois de Boulogne, to which Francis retired. (_Rajasthan_, ii. p. 428.)

[382] _Rajasthan_, ii. pp. 264, 265.

[383] _Tribes and Castes_, art. Panwar.

[384] _Memoir of Central India_, i. 96.

[385] _Tribes and Castes_, art. Panwar.

[386] Blockmann, i. 252, quoted by Crooke.

[387] Ibbetson, P.C.R., para. 448.

[388] His name, Lakshma Deva, is given in a stone inscription dated A.D. 1104-1105.

[389] The inscription is said to be in one of the temples in Winj Basini, near Bhandak, in the Devanagri character in Marathi, and to run as follows: "Consecration of Jagnarayan (the serpent of the world). Dajianashnaku, the son of Chogneka, he it was who consecrated the G.o.d. The Panwar, the ruler of Dhar, was the third repairer of the statue. The image was carved by Gopinath Pandit, inhabitant of Lonar Mehkar. Let this shrine be the pride of all the citizens, and let this religious act be notified to the chief and other officers."

[390] A few Panwar Rajputs are found in the Saugor District, but they are quite distinct from those of the Maratha country, and marry with the Bundelas. They are mentioned in the article on that clan.

[391] March.

[392] Rice boiled with milk and sugar.

[393] Village headman.

[394] Patwari or village accountant.

[395] _Introduction to the History of Religion_, p. 59.

[396] _Diospyros tomentosa_.

[397] Gamble, _Manual of Indian Timbers_, p. 461.

[398] _Balaghat District Gazetteer_.

[399] P. 62, quoting from Bringand, _Les Karens de la Birmanie, Les Missions Catholiques_, xx. (1888), p. 208.

[400] _Tod's Rajasthan_, i. p. 165. But Johar is a common term of salutation among the Hindus.

[401] _Seoni Settlement Report_ (1867), p. 43.

[402] From a collection of notes on Patharis by various police officers. The pa.s.sage is somewhat abridged in reproduction.

[403] _Ficus R._

[404] _Ba.s.sia latifolia_.

[405] _Ficus glomerata_.

[406] Note already quoted.

[407] This article is partly compiled from papers by Mr. Aduram Chaudhri and Pandit Pyare Lal Misra of the Gazetteer Office, and extracts from Mr. Kitts' _Berar Census Report_ (1881), and Mr. Sewell's note on the caste quoted in Mr. Gayer's _Lectures on the Criminal Tribes of the Central Provinces_.

[408] _Lectures on Criminal Tribes of the C.P._, p. 19.