FOR THE PUPIL

PAGE 34

_primaries, secondaries, tertials_: Turn to your dictionary under "Bird" (or at the front of some good bird book) and study out just which feathers of the wing these named here are.

PAGE 35

_half-moulted hen_: Pick her up and notice the regular and systematic arrangement of the young feathers. Or take a plucked hen and draw roughly the pin-feather scheme as you find it on her body.

PAGE 37

_reed-birds_: The bobolink is also called "rice-bird" from its habit of feeding in the rice-fields of the South on its fall migration.

CHAPTER VI

FOR THE PUPIL

Do not stop doing or seeing or hearing when you have done, seen, and heard the few things suggested in this chapter and in chapters IV and X; for these are only suggestions, and merely intended to give you a start, as if your friend had said to you upon your visiting a new city, "Now, don't fail to see the Common and the old State House, etc.; and don't fail to go down to T Wharf, etc.,"--knowing that all the time you would be doing and seeing and hearing a thousand interesting things.

CHAPTER VII

TO THE TEACHER

I called this chapter when I first wrote it "The Friendship of Nature"--a much used t.i.tle, but entirely suggestive of the thought and the lesson in the story here. This was first written about six years ago, and to-day, May 12, 1912, that pair of phbes, or another pair, have their nest out under the pig-pen roof as they have had every year since I have known the pen. Repeat and expand the thought as I have put it into the mouth of Nature in the first paragraph--"We will share them [the acres] together." Instill into your pupils' minds the large meaning of obedience to Nature's laws and love for her and all her own. Show them also how ready Nature is (and all the birds and animals and flowers) to be friendly; and how even a city dooryard may hold enough live _wild_ things for a small zoo.

This chapter might well be made use of by the city teacher to stir her pupils to see what interesting live things their city or neighborhood has, although the woods and open fields are miles away.

FOR THE PUPIL

PAGE 48

_a hornet's nest_: the white-faced hornet, that builds the great cone-shaped paper nests.

_swifts thunder in the chimney_: See chapter VII (and notes) in "Winter." For the "thunder" see section IX in chapter X of this book.

PAGE 49

_cabbage b.u.t.terfly_: a pest; a small whitish b.u.t.terfly with a few small black spots. Its grubs eat cabbage.

PAGE 54

_the crested flycatcher_: is the largest of the family; builds in holes; distinguished by its use of cast-off snake-skins in its nests.

_kingbird_: Everybody knows him, for it is usually he who chases the marauding crows; he builds, out in the apple tree if he can, a big, bulky nest with strings a-flying from it: also called "bee-martin," a most useful bird.

_wood pewee_: builds on the limbs of forest trees a most beautiful nest, much like a hummingbird's, only larger. Pewee's soft, pensive call of "pe-e-e-wee" in the deep, quiet, dark-shrouded summer woods is one of the sweetest of bird notes.

_chebec_: a little smaller than a sparrow; builds a beautiful nest in orchard trees and says "chebec, chebec, chebec."

PAGE 58

_One had died_: After phbe brings off her first brood sprinkle a little, tobacco-dust or lice-powder, such as you use in the hen-yard, into the nest to kill the vermin. Otherwise the second and third broods may be eaten alive by lice or mites.

CHAPTER VIII

TO THE TEACHER

In "Winter" I put a chapter called "The Missing Tooth," showing the dark and bitter side of the life of the wild things; here I have taken that thought as most people think of it (see Burroughs's essay, "A Life of Fear" in "Riverby") and in the light of typical examples tried to show that wild life is not fear, but peace and joy. The kernel of the chapter is found in the words: "The level of wild life, the soul of all nature, is a great serenity." Let the pupils watch and report instances of fear (easy to see) and in the same animals instances of peace and joy.

FOR THE PUPIL

PAGE 60

_gray harrier_: so named because of his habit of flying low and "harrying," that is, hunting, catching small prey on or near the ground. "Harry" comes from the Anglo-Saxon word for army.

PAGE 61

"_He looketh as it were a grym leoun_": from Chaucer's description of the c.o.c.k in the story of the c.o.c.k and the Fox.

PAGE 62

_terrible pike_: closely related to the pickerel.

_kingfisher_: builds in holes in sand-banks near water. Its peculiar rattle sounds like the small boys' "clapper."

PAGE 63

"_The present only toucheth thee!_": Burns's poem "To a Mouse."

PAGE 64

"_The fair music that all creatures made_": from Milton's poem "To a Solemn Music," "solemn" meaning "orchestral" music.

PAGE 65

_then doubling once more_: This is all figurative language. I am thinking of myself as the fox. The dogs have run themselves to death on my trail, and I am turning back, "doubling," to have a look at them and to rejoice over their defeat.

PAGE 71

_pine marten_: The marten is so rare in this neighborhood that I am inclined to think the creature was the large weasel.