84. Sun Sun, Sep. 28, 1898. See Trib. Trib., Sep. 28 for verbatim report of what Root did say. Her. Her., Sep. 28. The nominating speech was made by Chauncey Depew. "I have done that a great many times in conventions," he wrote in his Memories of Eighty Years Memories of Eighty Years, "but have never had such a response." (162).

85. Trib. Trib., Sep. 28, 1898; Mor.881.

86. Her. Her., Oct. 5, 1898.

87. Ib.; Ib.; N.Y.T. N.Y.T., same date. Author's italics.

88. Her. Her., Sep. 5, 1898. Van Wyck was the brother of Robert W. van Wyck, Mayor of New York.

89. Che.501. Che.501.

90. Her. Her., Sep. 6, 1898.

91. See Mor.882 for TR's reply to McK. See Mor.882 for TR's reply to McK. Her. Her., Sep. 6, 1898.

92. TR.Wks.XIV.2901. See TR.Wks.XIV.2901. See Her. Her., Sep. 6, 1898, for audience reaction.

93. Howe, Howe, Chapman Chapman, 470.

94. TR.Auto.280; Mor.883; Che.54; ib., 5960; Odell int. FRE. See Gos.1318 for an account of TCP's manipulation of various periodicals. TR.Auto.280; Mor.883; Che.54; ib., 5960; Odell int. FRE. See Gos.1318 for an account of TCP's manipulation of various periodicals.

95. TR on Oct. 7, 1898, qu. Hagedorn in TRB memo; TR on Oct. 7, 1898, qu. Hagedorn in TRB memo; Her. Her., Oct. 15.

96. See Che. See Che. passim passim.

97. Trib. Trib., Oct. 10, 1898; two Herald Herald clips, both dated Oct. 15, in TRB. clips, both dated Oct. 15, in TRB.

98. Ib. Ib.

99. The following account of TR's campaign day is based on "Roosevelt On A Wild Goose Chase," article in The following account of TR's campaign day is based on "Roosevelt On A Wild Goose Chase," article in Her. Her., Sep. 15, 1898.

100. Ib., and Sep. 16, 1898; Gos.142. Ib., and Sep. 16, 1898; Gos.142.

101. Her. Her., Oct. 15, 16, 1898; Trib. Trib., Oct. 23; Che.578. TR had been aware for some time that Judge Daly would not receive the Democratic nomination, and had seen to it that he appeared on the Republican ticket. He considered this nomination "a great card for us." Che.57.

102. Her. Her., Oct. 16, 1898; Che.59.

103. Her. Her., Oct. 18, 1898; Che.60.

104. Ib.; Gos.1412. Ib.; Gos.1412.

105. Her. Her., Oct. 18, 1898; World World, same date.

106. Her. Her., Oct. 18, 1898.

107. Che.61. Che.61.

108. Her. Her., Oct. 18, 1898; O'Neil qu. Mor.896.

109. Che.63; Che.63; Sun Sun, Oct. 21, 1898.

110. Ib. Ib.

111. TRB clips, TRB clips, passim passim.

112. Sun Sun, Oct. 21, 1898; cf. p. 634.

113. Press Press clip, n.d., in TRB; see, e.g., TR's chivvying of Quigg in Mor.887. clip, n.d., in TRB; see, e.g., TR's chivvying of Quigg in Mor.887.

114. Sun Sun, Oct. 25, 1898.

115. Ib.; Clarke, John Proctor, "Random Recollections of Campaigning with Roosevelt," TRC; TR.Auto.127. Ib.; Clarke, John Proctor, "Random Recollections of Campaigning with Roosevelt," TRC; TR.Auto.127.

116. Sun Sun, Oct. 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 1898.

117. Ib., Oct. 29, 1898. Ib., Oct. 29, 1898.

118. Che. Che.66; Rii.2037. Rii.2037.

119. Mor.918; Pla.5378; Mor.918; Pla.5378; Troy Times Troy Times, Nov. 5, 1898, qu. Gos.143.

120. Ib., 149. TR scored 661,715 to van Wyck's 643,921. The narrowness of TR's margin (17,794) can be gauged by contrasting it with Gov. Black's in 1896-787,516 votes to a Democratic total of 574,524. Ib. Ib., 149. TR scored 661,715 to van Wyck's 643,921. The narrowness of TR's margin (17,794) can be gauged by contrasting it with Gov. Black's in 1896-787,516 votes to a Democratic total of 574,524. Ib.

121. Che.68, qu. Depew and Platt; TR.Auto.282. Che.68, qu. Depew and Platt; TR.Auto.282.

122. Mor.888. Mor.888.

123. EKR to Emily Carow, June 22, 1900, TRC. TR's Lowell Lectures are described by Rev. William E. Barton in "Theodore Roosevelt: An Address," pamphlet, 1919, in the Walter Merriam Pratt collection (TRB). "They were the most popular Lowell Lectures I have heard." EKR to Emily Carow, June 22, 1900, TRC. TR's Lowell Lectures are described by Rev. William E. Barton in "Theodore Roosevelt: An Address," pamphlet, 1919, in the Walter Merriam Pratt collection (TRB). "They were the most popular Lowell Lectures I have heard."

124. Original manuscript of Original manuscript of The Rough Riders The Rough Riders in New York State Library, Albany. in New York State Library, Albany.

27: THE B BOY G GOVERNOR.

1. Par.123. Par.123.

2. See TR.Auto.2934, and below. See TR.Auto.2934, and below.

3. Because January 1, 1899, fell on a Sunday, TR and other elective officials had taken their oaths in the Secretary of State's office shortly after noon on Sat., Dec. 31, 1898. Because January 1, 1899, fell on a Sunday, TR and other elective officials had taken their oaths in the Secretary of State's office shortly after noon on Sat., Dec. 31, 1898. Sun Sun, Jan. 1.

4. TR.Auto.286. TR.Auto.286.

5. Ib. Ib.

6. Ib., 290. Ib., 290.

7. Obvious as such a publicity policy may seem in this media-conscious age, it was near-revolutionary in the shadowy world of New York State politics at the end of the nineteenth century. A comprehensive study of TR's whole career as a publicist has yet to be written: should any skilled historian undertake the project, it would be of revelatory significance and interest. Obvious as such a publicity policy may seem in this media-conscious age, it was near-revolutionary in the shadowy world of New York State politics at the end of the nineteenth century. A comprehensive study of TR's whole career as a publicist has yet to be written: should any skilled historian undertake the project, it would be of revelatory significance and interest.

8. Sun Sun, Jan. 3, 1899.

9. See Roseberry, Cecil R., See Roseberry, Cecil R., Capitol Story Capitol Story (New York State, 1964) 9, and (New York State, 1964) 9, and passim passim.

10. Sun Sun, Jan. 3, 1899.

11. See See Public Papers of Theodore Roosevelt, Governor Public Papers of Theodore Roosevelt, Governor (Albany, 18991900) 2489; Gos.196; Pri.209; and Che. (Albany, 18991900) 2489; Gos.196; Pri.209; and Che. passim passim for discussion of various aspects of this Annual Message. for discussion of various aspects of this Annual Message.

12. New York State Legislature, New York State Legislature, A Memorial to Theodore Roosevelt A Memorial to Theodore Roosevelt, Feb. 21, 1919, 37 13. TR.Auto.295. Superintendent G. W. Aldridge had asked to be suspended while certain charges purporting to involve him in the "canal steal" were being investigated. Gos.208. TR.Auto.295. Superintendent G. W. Aldridge had asked to be suspended while certain charges purporting to involve him in the "canal steal" were being investigated. Gos.208.

14. TR.Auto.2945. TR.Auto.2945.

15. Che.72; Mor.891902. Che.72; Mor.891902.

16. Gos.209; Che.723, 1789. TR had private doubts about Partridge at first ("I do not think he is a very strong man"), but they turned out to be unfounded. The superintendent effected a 25% saving in public works expenses by Oct. 1, 1899, and was singled out by the Gos.209; Che.723, 1789. TR had private doubts about Partridge at first ("I do not think he is a very strong man"), but they turned out to be unfounded. The superintendent effected a 25% saving in public works expenses by Oct. 1, 1899, and was singled out by the Eve. Post Eve. Post to be a model state official. Che.1789. to be a model state official. Che.1789.

17. Youngs, William J., "A Short Resume of the Administration of Theodore Roosevelt [Governor]," TRP., 4; Gos.20914; Har.114; Che.73. See ib., Youngs, William J., "A Short Resume of the Administration of Theodore Roosevelt [Governor]," TRP., 4; Gos.20914; Har.114; Che.73. See ib., passim passim, for analyses of other gubernatorial appointments. TR's only personal indulgences were the selection of his old mentor, Joe Murray, as First Deputy in the Public Works Dept., Avery D. Andrews as Adjutant-General, and some impoverished Rough Riders to unimportant sinecures.

18. Che.75; Har.122. Che.75; Har.122.

19. Secretary William J. Youngs declared that "the happiest moments of the Governor's administration were the 15-minute talks with reporters, morning and afternoon." Un. clip, c. June, 1900, entitled "Studies in American Character, No. 5," TRB. See also Che.75, quoting Secretary William J. Youngs declared that "the happiest moments of the Governor's administration were the 15-minute talks with reporters, morning and afternoon." Un. clip, c. June, 1900, entitled "Studies in American Character, No. 5," TRB. See also Che.75, quoting Brooklyn Eagle Brooklyn Eagle, Jan. 4, 1899, and Albany Argus Albany Argus, June 6, 1899. This description of TR in press conference is also based on the reminiscences of reporters who knew him well, notably Joseph B. Bishop and J. J. Leary.

20. TR.Auto.285. TR.Auto.285.

21. Ib., 289. The following three paragraphs are based on ib., 28393. Ib., 289. The following three paragraphs are based on ib., 28393.

22. Ib., 285. Ib., 285.

23. Ib., 289. Ib., 289.

24. The preceding four sentences closely follow Che. 1589. The preceding four sentences closely follow Che. 1589.

25. TR.Auto.292. TR.Auto.292.

26. For TR's handling of the Martha Place case, see Mor.938 ff., and n. 56, below. For TR's handling of the Martha Place case, see Mor.938 ff., and n. 56, below.

27. See calendar in Mor. 1498 ff. for a list of TR's day-to-day business as Governor. Mor.918. See calendar in Mor. 1498 ff. for a list of TR's day-to-day business as Governor. Mor.918.

28. Ada.208; Mor.902. Ada.208; Mor.902.

29. TR.Auto.297; Mor.1498 ff.; Wis.70. TR.Auto.297; Mor.1498 ff.; Wis.70.

30. TR.Auto.2978. See also Che.76. TR.Auto.2978. See also Che.76.

31. TR qu. Che.133. TR qu. Che.133.

32. Gos.196; Che.1337. Ib., 132, says TR was not necessarily referring to the Ford Bill, but at any rate "favored some positive step toward franchise tax that year." Since there was no other franchise-tax legislation on the books, and in view of TR's own hurry to get such a law passed in 1899, it is difficult to see what other measures he could have had in mind. TR did, nevertheless, express grave doubts about at least one of the Ford Bill's clauses. (See text below.) For the full story of TR's works on the franchise bills, see Che. Ch. 6, "The Honest Broker." Gos.196; Che.1337. Ib., 132, says TR was not necessarily referring to the Ford Bill, but at any rate "favored some positive step toward franchise tax that year." Since there was no other franchise-tax legislation on the books, and in view of TR's own hurry to get such a law passed in 1899, it is difficult to see what other measures he could have had in mind. TR did, nevertheless, express grave doubts about at least one of the Ford Bill's clauses. (See text below.) For the full story of TR's works on the franchise bills, see Che. Ch. 6, "The Honest Broker."

33. Gos.197; Che.135, 137, 133 TR's pied-a-terre was 689 Madison Ave., where Bamie (now Mrs. Sheffield Cowles, and a mother) delighted to play hostess for him. COW. Occasionally TR took TCP to breakfast at Corinne's house, 422 Madison Ave. Rob.185. Gos.197; Che.135, 137, 133 TR's pied-a-terre was 689 Madison Ave., where Bamie (now Mrs. Sheffield Cowles, and a mother) delighted to play hostess for him. COW. Occasionally TR took TCP to breakfast at Corinne's house, 422 Madison Ave. Rob.185.

34. TR.Auto.308. TR.Auto.308.

35. Gos.198; TCP qu. Che.138; for complete text of TCP's views on the Ford Bill, see Gos.198; TCP qu. Che.138; for complete text of TCP's views on the Ford Bill, see William Barnes v. Theodore Roosevelt: Case on Appeal William Barnes v. Theodore Roosevelt: Case on Appeal (Walton, N.Y., 1917) 2368 ff. (Walton, N.Y., 1917) 2368 ff.

36. TCP qu. Che.138. TCP qu. Che.138.

37. Che.138; Gos.196; Che.138; Gos.196; Public Papers Public Papers, 547; Gos.197; Che.139.

38. New York Herald New York Herald, qu. Che.139; Mor.982, 1006.

39. TR.Auto.312; Che.140; Mor.982. Three days after this, TR was in Chicago as guest of honor at the Appo-mattox Day meeting of the Hamilton Club. Mor.1499. Here he delivered his famous "Strenuous Life" speech, the definitive statement of his pre-presidential philosophy. It is reprinted in TR.Wks.XIII. TR.Auto.312; Che.140; Mor.982. Three days after this, TR was in Chicago as guest of honor at the Appo-mattox Day meeting of the Hamilton Club. Mor.1499. Here he delivered his famous "Strenuous Life" speech, the definitive statement of his pre-presidential philosophy. It is reprinted in TR.Wks.XIII.

40. Che.140. Che.140.

41. Ib.; Ib.; New York Tribune New York Tribune, Apr. 15, 1899.

42. Che.141. Che.141.

43. TR.Auto.311. Gos.197: "He kept talking to the newspaper men about its desirability." See, e.g., TR.Auto.311. Gos.197: "He kept talking to the newspaper men about its desirability." See, e.g., Trib. Trib., Apr. 15, 1899.

44. See Che.75 on TR's use of reporters as legislative contacts. Ib., 143. See Che.75 on TR's use of reporters as legislative contacts. Ib., 143.

45. TR.Auto.308. TR.Auto.308.

46. Ib., 3112; Che.1434; Mor.1007; TR.Auto.312. Ib., 3112; Che.1434; Mor.1007; TR.Auto.312.

47. Ib; Mor.1008. Ib; Mor.1008.

48. Public Papers Public Papers, 1899, 89.

49. TR.Auto.312. TR.Auto.312.

50. See his letter to HCL, Apr. 17, 1899, Mor.9978. See his letter to HCL, Apr. 17, 1899, Mor.9978.

51. For an excellent brief summary, see Har.114121. For an excellent brief summary, see Har.114121.

52. Mor.997; Mor.997; New York Times New York Times, Apr. 29, 1899; Che.79.

53. See Che.20025 for a largely favorable review of TR's labor policies as Governor; Hurwitz, Howard L., See Che.20025 for a largely favorable review of TR's labor policies as Governor; Hurwitz, Howard L., TR and Labor in New York State TR and Labor in New York State, 18801900 (Columbia U. Press, 1943) passim passim for a more negative assessment. for a more negative assessment.

54. Mor.998; Har.120121. Mor.998; Har.120121.

55. Ib. But see Che.215 ff. for TR's subsequent difficulties with labor groups, and ib., 221 for his over-reaction to the Croton Dam riots in April 1900. Ib. But see Che.215 ff. for TR's subsequent difficulties with labor groups, and ib., 221 for his over-reaction to the Croton Dam riots in April 1900.

56. Martha Place, a resident of Brooklyn, was found guilty of killing her stepdaughter and attacking her husband with an axe. Although she claimed not to remember the murder, state medical examiners informed Roosevelt that she was sane. She was executed on March 20, 1899. Martha Place, a resident of Brooklyn, was found guilty of killing her stepdaughter and attacking her husband with an axe. Although she claimed not to remember the murder, state medical examiners informed Roosevelt that she was sane. She was executed on March 20, 1899.

57. Mor.950: "As for Mrs. Place, you can rest assured that the last thing that will influence me will be any statement that no man can become President if he allows a woman to be executed. In the first place, being myself sane, I have no thought of becoming President. In the next place, I should heartily despise the public servant who failed to do his duty because it might jeopardize his own future." (TR to Francis W. Jones, Feb. 21, 1899.) Mor.950: "As for Mrs. Place, you can rest assured that the last thing that will influence me will be any statement that no man can become President if he allows a woman to be executed. In the first place, being myself sane, I have no thought of becoming President. In the next place, I should heartily despise the public servant who failed to do his duty because it might jeopardize his own future." (TR to Francis W. Jones, Feb. 21, 1899.) 58. Mor.938. Mor.938.

59. See Che. 177 ff. for an extended discussion of this subject. See Che. 177 ff. for an extended discussion of this subject.

60. Mor.998. For a compact modern assessment of the governorship of Theodore Roosevelt, within the larger context of New York politics, see McC. 15763. According to McCormick, TR took "moderate but creative" steps toward addressing the burgeoning phenomenon of interstate corporate combinations. His policy innovations were few, but his rhetoric galvanizing, and "his management of economic issues notably anticipated-though it did not inaugurate-twentieth-century methods of governance." (158) TR's instincts remained conservative (and actually friendly toward entrenched corporate interests), even as his antitrust rhetoric heated up. He was notable for his "fear of class politics," and determinedly democratic in weighing the conflicting claims of special-interest groups-as shown in his open-minded, moderately reformist attitude to labor. (160) Although his main legislative achievement was indeed the Ford Franchise Act, he really only "vitalized" the issue it entailed. The best that can be said overall of TR's gubernatorial administration, in McCormick's view, is that he pointed New York State "toward a political accommodation with the powerful, clashing interests of an industrial society." (163) Mor.998. For a compact modern assessment of the governorship of Theodore Roosevelt, within the larger context of New York politics, see McC. 15763. According to McCormick, TR took "moderate but creative" steps toward addressing the burgeoning phenomenon of interstate corporate combinations. His policy innovations were few, but his rhetoric galvanizing, and "his management of economic issues notably anticipated-though it did not inaugurate-twentieth-century methods of governance." (158) TR's instincts remained conservative (and actually friendly toward entrenched corporate interests), even as his antitrust rhetoric heated up. He was notable for his "fear of class politics," and determinedly democratic in weighing the conflicting claims of special-interest groups-as shown in his open-minded, moderately reformist attitude to labor. (160) Although his main legislative achievement was indeed the Ford Franchise Act, he really only "vitalized" the issue it entailed. The best that can be said overall of TR's gubernatorial administration, in McCormick's view, is that he pointed New York State "toward a political accommodation with the powerful, clashing interests of an industrial society." (163) 61. Ib., Ib., 999 999. See also TR to C. Grant LaFarge, May 1, 1899, TRP.