16. Hag.RBL.24952. The next landing was more than a mile away. Hag.RBL.24952. The next landing was more than a mile away.

17. TR to B, Apr. 29, 1885 (TRB). TR to B, Apr. 29, 1885 (TRB).

18. Put.520. Sewall (HAG.Bln.) says they all moved in "at the end of April," but since he and Dow were away after Apr. 23 the move must have occurred before that. The ranch house was essentially a huge log cabin, Put.520. Sewall (HAG.Bln.) says they all moved in "at the end of April," but since he and Dow were away after Apr. 23 the move must have occurred before that. The ranch house was essentially a huge log cabin, 60 60 30 7. It no longer exists, but the site is preserved. See Ch. 11, n. 28. 30 7. It no longer exists, but the site is preserved. See Ch. 11, n. 28.

19. TR.Wks.I.10-11. TR.Wks.I.10-11.

20. Qu. Hag.RBL.240. Qu. Hag.RBL.240.

21. An additional purchase of 52 ponies for $3,275 is included in this total of $85,000. See Put.523 and fn. TR to B, May 17, 1885 (TRB mss.). An additional purchase of 52 ponies for $3,275 is included in this total of $85,000. See Put.523 and fn. TR to B, May 17, 1885 (TRB mss.).

22. Put.523; Mor.90; TR.Wks.I.3378. Put.523; Mor.90; TR.Wks.I.3378.

23. Put.520; HAG.Bln. Put.520; HAG.Bln.

24. TR.Auto.100. TR.Auto.100.

25. Hag.RBL.285; Put.528. Hag.RBL.285; Put.528.

26. TR.Auto.101-6. TR.Auto.101-6.

27. Put.5245; Lan.184. Put.5245; Lan.184.

28. TR to B, June 5, 1885; TR.Auto. 107; TR.Wks.I.320; Hag. RBL.28990. TR to B, June 5, 1885; TR.Auto. 107; TR.Wks.I.320; Hag. RBL.28990.

29. Three-Seven Bill Jones (not to be confused with Hell-Roaring Bill Jones), qu. Hag.RBL.279. Three-Seven Bill Jones (not to be confused with Hell-Roaring Bill Jones), qu. Hag.RBL.279.

30. Lan.185; Put.524; TR to B, June 5, 1885 (TRB mss). TR gives an excellent account of a Badlands round-up in TR.Wks.I.314340. Lan.185; Put.524; TR to B, June 5, 1885 (TRB mss). TR gives an excellent account of a Badlands round-up in TR.Wks.I.314340.

31. St. Paul Pioneer Press St. Paul Pioneer Press, June 23, 1885.

32. Trib. Trib., July 8, 1885.

33. Sew.41. TR was to suffer occasional spells of "wheezing" and "bronchitis" throughout his life, but at such infrequent intervals he can be said to have effectively conquered his asthma. Sew.41. TR was to suffer occasional spells of "wheezing" and "bronchitis" throughout his life, but at such infrequent intervals he can be said to have effectively conquered his asthma.

34. Tha.57. See also below, n. 42. Tha.57. See also below, n. 42.

35. This description of the new house is based on an 1885 photograph in the files of TRB. This description of the new house is based on an 1885 photograph in the files of TRB.

36. Other details from Hag.RF.4, Put.532, and TRB picture files. Other details from Hag.RF.4, Put.532, and TRB picture files.

37. The panorama is now blocked by trees, mostly planted by TR in obedience to the family motto (see p. 299). But in 1885 the hilltop was bare. The panorama is now blocked by trees, mostly planted by TR in obedience to the family motto (see p. 299). But in 1885 the hilltop was bare.

38. TR.Auto.328. TR.Auto.328.

39. Par. 63. Par. 63.

40. Elliott Roosevelt had married a fragile society beauty, Anna Rebecca Hall, on Dec. 1, 1882. See Las. Ch. 2 for an account of their courtship. Elliott Roosevelt had married a fragile society beauty, Anna Rebecca Hall, on Dec. 1, 1882. See Las. Ch. 2 for an account of their courtship.

41. HUN.74: "Well, sir, that man planned his life from the start. He told me a good many times that he expected to get his life work done by the time he was sixty." In the last months of his life TR told his sister Corinne that at twenty-one he had decided to live "up to the hilt" until he was sixty, and did not care how soon he died after that. Fate allowed him ten extra weeks. HUN.74: "Well, sir, that man planned his life from the start. He told me a good many times that he expected to get his life work done by the time he was sixty." In the last months of his life TR told his sister Corinne that at twenty-one he had decided to live "up to the hilt" until he was sixty, and did not care how soon he died after that. Fate allowed him ten extra weeks.

42. HAG.Bln.; Put.530. "What a change!" commented a reporter who met TR en route. "Last March he was a pale, slim young man, with a thin, piping voice and a general look of dyspepsia...He is now brown as a berry and has increased 30 lbs in weight. The voice...is now hearty and strong enough to drive oxen." HAG.Bln.; Put.530. "What a change!" commented a reporter who met TR en route. "Last March he was a pale, slim young man, with a thin, piping voice and a general look of dyspepsia...He is now brown as a berry and has increased 30 lbs in weight. The voice...is now hearty and strong enough to drive oxen." (Pittsburgh Dispatch (Pittsburgh Dispatch, Aug. 23, 1885, in TR.Scr.) 43. Hag.RBL.3401; Put.536. Hag.RBL.3401; Put.536.

44. Ib. Ib.

45. HAG.Bln.; Twe.88. HAG.Bln.; Twe.88.

46. Bad Lands Cowboy Bad Lands Cowboy, May 27, 1885; Put.533.

47. Ib., 536. For more detail, see Twe. Ib., 536. For more detail, see Twe. passim passim.

48. Hag.RBL.342. Hag.RBL.342.

49. New York Times New York Times, Aug. 22, 1885; Hag.RBL.3424.

50. Mor.100; Put.533; other details in this and following paras. from HAG.Bln.; also see TR to B, Aug. 30, 1885 (TRB mss.). Mor.100; Put.533; other details in this and following paras. from HAG.Bln.; also see TR to B, Aug. 30, 1885 (TRB mss.).

51. TR.Wks.I.30. TR.Wks.I.30.

52. Ib., 2956; Hag.RBL.31011; Sewall in Ib., 2956; Hag.RBL.31011; Sewall in Forum Forum, May 1919.

53. Photocopy in TRB. See Put.5345 for details of the LMSA meeting. Photocopy in TRB. See Put.5345 for details of the LMSA meeting.

54. Twe.1067; Dakota clip, n.d., in TRB. Twe.1067; Dakota clip, n.d., in TRB.

55. Put.538. Put.538.

56. TR.Wks.I.29. Here TR was perhaps being unduly modest. One Badlands veteran told Herman Hagedorn: "Fer a crittur with a squint he were plumb handy with a gun." HAG.Bln. TR.Wks.I.29. Here TR was perhaps being unduly modest. One Badlands veteran told Herman Hagedorn: "Fer a crittur with a squint he were plumb handy with a gun." HAG.Bln.

57. Put.537. Put.537.

58. Ib. Ib.

59. Wannegan had been hired as a "gofer" in the summer of 1884, and was now night-herder at Maltese Cross. "He was a genial soul, and Roosevelt liked him." Hag.RBL.169, 338. Wannegan had been hired as a "gofer" in the summer of 1884, and was now night-herder at Maltese Cross. "He was a genial soul, and Roosevelt liked him." Hag.RBL.169, 338.

60. Qu. ib., 348. See also Sew.27. Qu. ib., 348. See also Sew.27.

61. Photostat in TRB. Photostat in TRB.

62. The actual letter TR sent de Mores has disappeared, along with almost all of the Marquis's personal papers. It is said to have stipulated "rifles at twelve paces, the adversaries to shoot until one or the other dropped." (Hag.RBL.348.) The actual letter TR sent de Mores has disappeared, along with almost all of the Marquis's personal papers. It is said to have stipulated "rifles at twelve paces, the adversaries to shoot until one or the other dropped." (Hag.RBL.348.) 63. According to Hagedorn the Marquis also invited TR to dine with him at Chateau de Mores after the trial. (Ib., 349.) According to Hagedorn the Marquis also invited TR to dine with him at Chateau de Mores after the trial. (Ib., 349.) 64. See Put.538542 for a different interpretation. See Put.538542 for a different interpretation.

65. See TR.Wks.I.26972 on the aridity of the Badlands. See TR.Wks.I.26972 on the aridity of the Badlands.

66. See TR.Auto.110-11 for an account of firefighting on the prairie. See TR.Auto.110-11 for an account of firefighting on the prairie.

67. Put.542; Hag.RBL.3502. Put.542; Hag.RBL.3502.

68. TR.Wks.I.16. In a New York lecture delivered in January 1886, he was openly contemptuous of the red man. "I don't go so far as to think that the only good Indians are the dead Indians, but I believe nine out of every ten are, and I shouldn't like to inquire too closely into the case of the tenth. The most vicious cowboy has more moral principle than the average Indian." (Qu. Hag.RBL.355.) In later years this harsh attitude mellowed considerably. See Wag.22930 and below, Ch. 17. TR.Wks.I.16. In a New York lecture delivered in January 1886, he was openly contemptuous of the red man. "I don't go so far as to think that the only good Indians are the dead Indians, but I believe nine out of every ten are, and I shouldn't like to inquire too closely into the case of the tenth. The most vicious cowboy has more moral principle than the average Indian." (Qu. Hag.RBL.355.) In later years this harsh attitude mellowed considerably. See Wag.22930 and below, Ch. 17.

69. Text here follows Putnam's assumption "based on circumstantial evidence" that the trip took place during the first two weeks of Sep. 1885. Put.543. Text here follows Putnam's assumption "based on circumstantial evidence" that the trip took place during the first two weeks of Sep. 1885. Put.543.

70. TR.Wks.I.3713. TR.Wks.I.3713.

71. See TR.Auto.54 for TR's own analysis of courage as something that can be acquired "by sheer dint of practicing fearlessness." See TR.Auto.54 for TR's own analysis of courage as something that can be acquired "by sheer dint of practicing fearlessness."

72. Qu. Twe.967. Also standing trial were the Marquis's aides and ambush partners, Richard Moore, Frank Miller, and E. G. Paddock. All received the same verdict. See Twe.92 ff. Qu. Twe.967. Also standing trial were the Marquis's aides and ambush partners, Richard Moore, Frank Miller, and E. G. Paddock. All received the same verdict. See Twe.92 ff.

73. Put.542. The exact date of TR's visit to the Marquis (Hag.RBL.344 and Twe.93) is unknown, but Sep. 16 seems almost certain. He was busy with fire-fighting, hunting, and the LMSA before that. He definitely left Medora on Sep. 16, and would have passed through Bismarck that same evening. Put.542. The exact date of TR's visit to the Marquis (Hag.RBL.344 and Twe.93) is unknown, but Sep. 16 seems almost certain. He was busy with fire-fighting, hunting, and the LMSA before that. He definitely left Medora on Sep. 16, and would have passed through Bismarck that same evening.

74. See Put.544 ff. for details. See Put.544 ff. for details.

75. Only once, in Brooklyn on Oct. 17, did he allow himself to make a major speech. Text, which contains a slashing indictment of Democratic race discrimination in the South, is in TR.Wks.XIV. 5867. Only once, in Brooklyn on Oct. 17, did he allow himself to make a major speech. Text, which contains a slashing indictment of Democratic race discrimination in the South, is in TR.Wks.XIV. 5867.

76. Hag.RF.11; Put.555. Hag.RF.11; Put.555.

77. Both descriptions based on contemporary photographs as well as the general portrait of the young Edith in Morr.EKR. Both descriptions based on contemporary photographs as well as the general portrait of the young Edith in Morr.EKR.

78. Merrifield to Hagedorn, June 1919, TRB memo; Hag.RF.11; Put.557. Merrifield to Hagedorn, June 1919, TRB memo; Hag.RF.11; Put.557.

79. Hag.RF.426. Hag.RF.426.

80. Sylvia Jukes Morris; see also below, Ch. 13. Sylvia Jukes Morris; see also below, Ch. 13.

81. "A buffalo is nobler game than an anise-seed bag, the Anglomaniacs to the contrary notwithstanding." TR to Lodge, Mor.77. "A buffalo is nobler game than an anise-seed bag, the Anglomaniacs to the contrary notwithstanding." TR to Lodge, Mor.77.

82. See TR in See TR in Century Century, Jan. 1886, qu. World World, Oct. 17, 1886; Mor.90.

83. Lod.1.345. Lod.1.345.

84. TR.Wks.II.2946; TR.Wks.II.2946; N.Y.T. N.Y.T., Oct. 27, 1885.

85. TR.Wks.II.296. TR.Wks.II.296.

86. Ib.; TR.Auto.32; Lod.I.34. Ib.; TR.Auto.32; Lod.I.34.

87. Longworth, Alice Roosevelt, Longworth, Alice Roosevelt, Crowded Hours Crowded Hours (Scribner's, 1933) 4. (Scribner's, 1933) 4.

88. Edith's presence at the Ball is confirmed by a letter to her from B, Oct. 23, 1886. Derby mss. Edith's presence at the Ball is confirmed by a letter to her from B, Oct. 23, 1886. Derby mss.

89. Lod.I.35. Lod.I.35.

13: THE L LONG A ARM OF THE L LAW.

1. TR.1886.Di. TR.1886.Di. passim; passim; Put.558. Put.558.

2. Par. 65. Par. 65.

3. Put. 5578 discusses the reaction of TR's sisters to his growing intimacy with Edith. Put. 5578 discusses the reaction of TR's sisters to his growing intimacy with Edith.

4. See, e.g., his long letter to B summing up the Chicago Convention of 1884 (Mor.7072). On such occasions he signs himself formally THEODORE ROOSEVELT instead of his more usual "Thee" or "T.R." See, e.g., his long letter to B summing up the Chicago Convention of 1884 (Mor.7072). On such occasions he signs himself formally THEODORE ROOSEVELT instead of his more usual "Thee" or "T.R."

5. The period 18841886 is a noticeable lacuna in all Roosevelt collections, including those of his two sisters. What letters survive are usually truncated. The period 18841886 is a noticeable lacuna in all Roosevelt collections, including those of his two sisters. What letters survive are usually truncated.

6. Mor.94. Mor.94.

7. Put.558; Mor.94. Put.558; Mor.94.

8. See Gar. 568 on HCL's relationship with John T. Morse Jr., editor-in-chief of this highly successful publishing venture. See Gar. 568 on HCL's relationship with John T. Morse Jr., editor-in-chief of this highly successful publishing venture.

9. See Put. 560 for a quote illustrating the bleak mood of Sewall and Dow. Elsewhere he surmises that TR's engagement was open-ended, and that the lovers parted with "considerable uncertainty." There is no evidence of this. Putnam also errs in saying that TR's sisters "knew the situation." As will be seen, they were kept as much in the dark as anybody that spring. See Put. 560 for a quote illustrating the bleak mood of Sewall and Dow. Elsewhere he surmises that TR's engagement was open-ended, and that the lovers parted with "considerable uncertainty." There is no evidence of this. Putnam also errs in saying that TR's sisters "knew the situation." As will be seen, they were kept as much in the dark as anybody that spring.

10. Put.559. Put.559.

11. TRB. TRB.

12. TR.Auto.98. TR.Auto.98.

13. Sew.59; TR.Wks.I.3812. Sew.59; TR.Wks.I.3812.

14. Ib. Ib.

15. Ib., 383; Sew.60. Ib., 383; Sew.60.

16. Ib., 67. Ib., 67.

17. Put. 564. Put. 564.

18. Ib., 569 fn.; TR.Wks.I.383. Ib., 569 fn.; TR.Wks.I.383.

19. Ib., 384; Hag.RBL.368. Ib., 384; Hag.RBL.368.

20. Mor.95; TR.Wks.I.385. Mor.95; TR.Wks.I.385.

21. TR.1886.Di. Mar. 29; Mor.95. The Arnold volume was probably TR.1886.Di. Mar. 29; Mor.95. The Arnold volume was probably Discourses in America Discourses in America (1885). (1885).

22. As indeed it did in May 1888. Reprinted in TR.Wks.I.38198, it forms the basis of the following narrative. As indeed it did in May 1888. Reprinted in TR.Wks.I.38198, it forms the basis of the following narrative.

23. TR. 1886.Di.; Hag.RBL.373. TR. 1886.Di.; Hag.RBL.373.

24. TR.Wks.I.3867. TR.Wks.I.3867.

25. Photographs by TR in TRB; TR.Wks.I.387. Unlike most reporters, TR did not need a notebook. Three or four jotted words in his diary, such as "Hung up by ice," were enough for him to write up a whole day with apparently total recall. His account of the boat chase runs to 7,000 words, based on a few dozen words of diary. See extracts from latter in Hag.RBL.3719. Photographs by TR in TRB; TR.Wks.I.387. Unlike most reporters, TR did not need a notebook. Three or four jotted words in his diary, such as "Hung up by ice," were enough for him to write up a whole day with apparently total recall. His account of the boat chase runs to 7,000 words, based on a few dozen words of diary. See extracts from latter in Hag.RBL.3719.

26. TR.Wks.I.386. TR.Wks.I.386.

27. TR.1886.Di.; TR.Wks.I.388. TR.1886.Di.; TR.Wks.I.388.

28. Ib., 3889; Sew.623. Ib., 3889; Sew.623.