17. Ib., 415. Arthur, despite his excellent record in the White House, had alienated party conservatives with his support of Civil Service Reform, while failing to convince the reformers that he was sincerely on their side. Ib., 415. Arthur, despite his excellent record in the White House, had alienated party conservatives with his support of Civil Service Reform, while failing to convince the reformers that he was sincerely on their side.

18. Put.4203 minutely analyzes TR's attitude to Blaine at this time. Put.4203 minutely analyzes TR's attitude to Blaine at this time.

19. N.Y.T. N.Y.T., Jan. 18, 1884.

20. Hunt, supplementary statement, 16; Pri.79. Put.418 fn. agrees that revenge was "unquestionably one object," but suggests that larger political ambitions guided TR. Hunt, supplementary statement, 16; Pri.79. Put.418 fn. agrees that revenge was "unquestionably one object," but suggests that larger political ambitions guided TR.

21. Ib.416. Ib.416.

22. World World, Apr. 23, 1884. See also Sun, Trib., N.Y.T. Sun, Trib., N.Y.T., etc., Apr. 235 for general convention coverage. These newspapers, and Put.41324, provide the basis of the following account.

23. Sun Sun, Apr. 23, 1884.

24. Put.417; Put.417; Sun Sun, Apr. 23, 1884.

25. Sun Sun, Apr. 24, 1884; Trib. Trib., same date.

26. Sun Sun, Apr. 24, 1884.

27. Eve. Post, N.Y.T., Sun Eve. Post, N.Y.T., Sun, Apr. 24, 1884. Rochester Morning Herald Morning Herald, May 13.

28. Sun Sun, Apr. 24, 1884 (See Ch. 9, n. 4). Put.416.

29. World World, Apr. 25, 1884.

30. HUN.31; Hunt, supplementary statement, 1617. HUN.31; Hunt, supplementary statement, 1617.

31. HUN.31. HUN.31.

32. Ib., 41, 68. Ib., 41, 68.

33. World World, Apr. 25, 1884.

34. N.Y.T. N.Y.T., Apr. 25, 1884; Eve. Post Eve. Post, Apr. 29.

35. Cutler to B, Apr. 18, 1884 (TRB mss). A more typical press comment: "Theodore Roosevelt has won a brilliant victory by keen intuitions and resolute, swift action, which place him at the front of his party in the state...his young head is dizzy tonight with the congratulations being heaped upon him." Cutler to B, Apr. 18, 1884 (TRB mss). A more typical press comment: "Theodore Roosevelt has won a brilliant victory by keen intuitions and resolute, swift action, which place him at the front of his party in the state...his young head is dizzy tonight with the congratulations being heaped upon him." Philadelphia Press Philadelphia Press, n.d., in TR.Scr. See ib. for the avalanche of praise TR earned at Utica.

36. HCL, Address to Congress, Feb. 9, 1919. HCL, Address to Congress, Feb. 9, 1919.

37. See Put.400; Hud.146; HUN. See Put.400; Hud.146; HUN. passim. Harper's Weekly passim. Harper's Weekly, Apr. 19, 1884.

38. Hud.146. Hud.146.

39. Ib., 147. Ib., 147.

40. The following anecdote closely follows ib., 1489. Hudson, reminiscing many years later, mistakenly writes "Chicago" instead of "Utica," but otherwise his story coincides with legislative and historic facts. See also Put.4001 and Nev.142. The following anecdote closely follows ib., 1489. Hudson, reminiscing many years later, mistakenly writes "Chicago" instead of "Utica," but otherwise his story coincides with legislative and historic facts. See also Put.4001 and Nev.142.

41. Cleveland proved as good as his word on the Tenure of Office Bill, which he vetoed, to TR's extreme mortification, on May 10, 1884. The other bills were rewritten, repassed, and approved on May 15. For Cleveland's opinion of TR's bill-writing at this time, see below, Ch. 14. Cleveland proved as good as his word on the Tenure of Office Bill, which he vetoed, to TR's extreme mortification, on May 10, 1884. The other bills were rewritten, repassed, and approved on May 15. For Cleveland's opinion of TR's bill-writing at this time, see below, Ch. 14.

42. World World, Apr. 25, 1884; Hunt, supplementary statement, 23.

43. Ib., 23 and 6; HUN.73; Lod.21. Ib., 23 and 6; HUN.73; Lod.21.

44. Mor. 667. Mor. 667.

45. Put.430; Mor.68. Put.430; Mor.68.

46. "I already had every room empty," B remembered in COW. "I already had every room empty," B remembered in COW.

47. Description of HCL based on Henry Adams, Description of HCL based on Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams The Education of Henry Adams (Modern Library reprint, 1996), 41920; Gar.1248 and (Modern Library reprint, 1996), 41920; Gar.1248 and passim; passim; Wis.153 ff; the unpublished Wis.153 ff; the unpublished Autobiography Autobiography of Mrs. Joseph Alsop Sr. (Alsop papers, TRC); Howard of Penrith, Lord Esme, of Mrs. Joseph Alsop Sr. (Alsop papers, TRC); Howard of Penrith, Lord Esme, Theatre of Life Theatre of Life (London, 1936) 2.105; Put.426; Mor.5, 163. (London, 1936) 2.105; Put.426; Mor.5, 163.

48. Mrs. Joseph Alsop Sr., Mrs. Joseph Alsop Sr., Autobiography; Autobiography; Wis.158. Wis.158.

49. Gar.61. Gar.61.

50. Lodge had lectured at Harvard during the period that TR was there, and met him once or twice at the Porcellian (Lod.25). There was another brief encounter at St. Botolph's Club, Boston, in the winter of 1882/3 (see Ch. 7, n. 18). Apparently they took little notice of each other on these formal occasions. Lodge had lectured at Harvard during the period that TR was there, and met him once or twice at the Porcellian (Lod.25). There was another brief encounter at St. Botolph's Club, Boston, in the winter of 1882/3 (see Ch. 7, n. 18). Apparently they took little notice of each other on these formal occasions.

51. Put.4267; Pri.88. Put.4267; Pri.88.

52. See Put.4269 for another, more detailed discussion of their relationship. See Put.4269 for another, more detailed discussion of their relationship.

53. Put.430; Put.430; Sun Sun, June 2, 1884; Trib. Trib., June 4.

54. Un. press clip, qu. Foraker, Joseph, Un. press clip, qu. Foraker, Joseph, Notes of a Busy Life Notes of a Busy Life (Stewart & Kidd, 1917) 167. (Stewart & Kidd, 1917) 167.

55. See Mor.69. See Mor.69.

56. James G. Blaine, Chester A. Arthur, George F. Edmunds, John A. Logan, John Sherman, Joseph R. Hawley, Robert T. Lincoln (son of the late President), W. T. Sherman (the general, and brother of John), Benjamin Harrison. Harrison withdrew late Saturday night, leaving eight candidates before the Convention. James G. Blaine, Chester A. Arthur, George F. Edmunds, John A. Logan, John Sherman, Joseph R. Hawley, Robert T. Lincoln (son of the late President), W. T. Sherman (the general, and brother of John), Benjamin Harrison. Harrison withdrew late Saturday night, leaving eight candidates before the Convention.

57. See TR in See TR in Chicago Tribune Chicago Tribune, June 1, 1884.

58. Lod.11 implies that he and TR made rather more free with this information than the facts seem to indicate. Lod.11 implies that he and TR made rather more free with this information than the facts seem to indicate.

59. Qu. Sul.2156. Qu. Sul.2156.

60. White, Andrew D., White, Andrew D., Autobiography Autobiography (Macmillan, 1905) 1.204 ff. (Macmillan, 1905) 1.204 ff.

61. See Mor.71. TR's incorrigible optimism made him set the ratio at "fifty-one cases out of a hundred" for See Mor.71. TR's incorrigible optimism made him set the ratio at "fifty-one cases out of a hundred" for vox deo vox deo, and the remaining forty-nine for vox diaboli vox diaboli.

62. The following faces from the album of TR's coming years were visible in the crowd: Benjamin Harrison (50), John D. Long (46), Russell A. Alger (48), Thomas C. Platt (50), Marcus Alonzo Hanna (46), William McKinley (41), Elihu Root (39), Joseph D. Foraker (37), Carl Schurz (55), Chauncey Depew (50). See also Sul.2156. The following faces from the album of TR's coming years were visible in the crowd: Benjamin Harrison (50), John D. Long (46), Russell A. Alger (48), Thomas C. Platt (50), Marcus Alonzo Hanna (46), William McKinley (41), Elihu Root (39), Joseph D. Foraker (37), Carl Schurz (55), Chauncey Depew (50). See also Sul.2156.

63. Sul.215. Sul.215.

64. Put.441; Alex.4.23, TR.Scr.; Put.441; Alex.4.23, TR.Scr.; Sun Sun, May 31, June 14, 1884; Chi. Trib. Chi. Trib., June 2.

65. Sun Sun, June 2, 1884; un. clips qu. Foraker, Life Life, and in Sul.217.

66. Sun Sun, June 2, 1884. See also Boston Herald Boston Herald correspondent, qu. correspondent, qu. World World, June 9: "He is simply an honest, straightforward young man, with a great big load of brains and a tremendous personal energy, which goes beyond anything I have ever seen...all his movements and conversation are of the kind which indicates that he thinks much more rapidly than he can by any human possibility talk."

67. Sun Sun, June 2.

68. Ib., and Ib., and World World, same date.

69. Ib. Ib.

70. Chi. Trib Chi. Trib, June 4, 1884.

71. Ib.; pictures in New York Public Library Collection. Ib.; pictures in New York Public Library Collection. Sun Sun, June 4.

72. Collage from various newspapers cited Collage from various newspapers cited passim passim.

73. Chi. Trib. Chi. Trib., June 4. According to Andrew D. White, who overheard this remark, it was made on the last day of the Convention, when the portrait of Lincoln dominating the hall was suddenly removed. But contemporary newspapers confirm that Garfield's portrait replaced that of the Emancipator at the beginning of the proceedings.

74. Put.4312, various newspapers cited Put.4312, various newspapers cited passim passim.

75. Sun Sun, June 4, 1884; Chi. Trib., N.Y.T. Chi. Trib., N.Y.T., same date; Put.430 fn. and 434.

76. Sun Sun, June 4, 1884; Put.434.

77. Mor.72; TR.Wks.XIV.37. Mor.72; TR.Wks.XIV.37.

78. Sun Sun, June 4, 1884; World World, same date. (But see Chi. Trib. Chi. Trib., June 4, ed.) Note that Putnam, whose biography is flawed by occasional racial bias, studiously leaves out the key element in TR's speech (p. 435).

79. Put.435; Put.435; Sun Sun, June 4; Foraker, Life Life, 161. Mrs. Foraker, in her own, excellent autobiography, I Would Live It Again I Would Live It Again (Harpers, 1932), remembers TR at this time as a "scowling and raspily positive" young man whose "fire and point of view" attracted her husband. She notes the irony of the fact that it was a black man that brought them together, and a black regiment (at Brownsville) that caused their spectacular falling-out in 1907. (Harpers, 1932), remembers TR at this time as a "scowling and raspily positive" young man whose "fire and point of view" attracted her husband. She notes the irony of the fact that it was a black man that brought them together, and a black regiment (at Brownsville) that caused their spectacular falling-out in 1907.

80. Sun Sun, June 4, 1884.

81. Ib., June 5, 1884. Ib., June 5, 1884.

82. Ib., June 6, 1884. Ib., June 6, 1884.

83. Chi. Trib. Chi. Trib., June 6, 1884.

84. Andrew D. White, Andrew D. White, Autobiography Autobiography, 1.2067; Chi. Trib., Sun Chi. Trib., Sun, June 6, 1884.

85. Mor.72. "Governor Long" was John D. Long, TR's future superior at the Navy Department. Mor.72. "Governor Long" was John D. Long, TR's future superior at the Navy Department.

86. N.Y.T. N.Y.T., June 7, 1884.

87. Sun Sun, June 7, 1884.

88. Ib.; see Put.4401. Ib.; see Put.4401.

89. Ib.; Ib.; Sun Sun, June 7, 1884; HUN.23.

90. Chi. Trib. Chi. Trib., June 7, 1884. See also Andrew D. White, Autobiography Autobiography, 1.205; other newspapers cited passim passim.

91. Qu. Qu. Sun Sun, June 7, 1884; qu. Har.40.

92. Sun Sun, June 7, 1884; Chi. Trib. Chi. Trib., same date.

93. Nation Nation, June 12, 1884; N.Y.T. N.Y.T., June 7.

94. World World, June 7, 1884. According to the unpublished memoirs of Eugene Hay (LC), TR privately told fellow delegates that he had been sounded out by the Blaine forces as a possible Vice-Presidential candidate.

95. See Put.446. See Put.446.

96. St. Paul Pioneer Press St. Paul Pioneer Press, June 9, 1884. See also Put.448. In another careful self-positioning, TR had by now separated himself from the Free Trade Club, which was anathema to protectionist GOP conservatives. "I'm a Republican first; Free Trader afterwards," he wrote a club officer, Poultney Bigelow. Quoted in unpublished biographical sketch of TR by Bigelow in Poultney Bigelow Papers, New York Public Library. (Undated letter, probably Jan. 1884.) 97. TR to B, June 23, 1884 (TRB); TR.Wks. 1.152. TR to B, June 23, 1884 (TRB); TR.Wks. 1.152.

11: THE C COWBOY OF THE P PRESENT.

1. TR.Wks.I.150. The following account of TR's solo expedition is taken from his own narrative, "A Trip on the Prairie," first published in TR.Wks.I.150. The following account of TR's solo expedition is taken from his own narrative, "A Trip on the Prairie," first published in Hunting Trips of a Ranchman Hunting Trips of a Ranchman in 1885. Supplementary details from TR. Pri.Di. June 1722, 1884, and other sources cited in 1885. Supplementary details from TR. Pri.Di. June 1722, 1884, and other sources cited passim passim.

2. TR.Wks.I.3079; 1.2; II.54. TR.Wks.I.3079; 1.2; II.54.

3. Ib. Ib.

4. See p. 27. See p. 27.

5. TR.Wks.I.150; 308; 30910. TR.Wks.I.150; 308; 30910.

6. Apparently TR saw no live buffalo on his peregrinations through the Badlands in 1884. He comments in TR.Pri.Di. only on the countless skulls and skeletons to be seen everywhere. In other words, the future president of the American Bison Society must have killed one of the very last buffalo in Dakota on his hunt the previous fall. Apparently TR saw no live buffalo on his peregrinations through the Badlands in 1884. He comments in TR.Pri.Di. only on the countless skulls and skeletons to be seen everywhere. In other words, the future president of the American Bison Society must have killed one of the very last buffalo in Dakota on his hunt the previous fall.

7. TR.Wks.I.14951; TR to B, June 23, 1884 (TRB); TR.Wks.I.1512. TR.Wks.I.14951; TR to B, June 23, 1884 (TRB); TR.Wks.I.1512.

8. Ib., 329. Ib., 329.

9. Ib., 1535, 1547, 158, TR to B, June 23, 1884. Ib., 1535, 1547, 158, TR to B, June 23, 1884.

10. TR.Wks.I.161-2. TR.Wks.I.161-2.

11. Ib. Ib.

12. Put.457; TR to B, June 23, 1884. Put.457; TR to B, June 23, 1884.

13. This commitment raised TR's total investment in Dakota to $40,000, or 20% of his capital. The contract was signed on June 12, 1884. This commitment raised TR's total investment in Dakota to $40,000, or 20% of his capital. The contract was signed on June 12, 1884.

14. TR.Wks.I.164; Put.457. TR.Wks.I.164; Put.457.

15. He had arrived on the night of June 9, and ridden immediately to his ranch. He had arrived on the night of June 9, and ridden immediately to his ranch.

16. Put. 452; Twe.111. The hotel is still operating under the name "Rough Riders Hotel." Medora, garishly restored and commercialized, is now a major tourist destination in North Dakota. Chateau de Mores survives intact as a state historical site, and the giant chimney of the Marquis's packing plant still looms over town. Put. 452; Twe.111. The hotel is still operating under the name "Rough Riders Hotel." Medora, garishly restored and commercialized, is now a major tourist destination in North Dakota. Chateau de Mores survives intact as a state historical site, and the giant chimney of the Marquis's packing plant still looms over town.

17. Mor.73. Mor.73.

18. Bad Lands Cowboy Bad Lands Cowboy, Jan. 5, 1884; Hag.RBL.79, 120; Brown, Dee, Trail Driving Days Trail Driving Days (Scribner's, 1952) 186; Goplen, Arnold O., "The Career of the Marquis de Mores in the Bad Lands of North Dakota," (Scribner's, 1952) 186; Goplen, Arnold O., "The Career of the Marquis de Mores in the Bad Lands of North Dakota," North Dakota History North Dakota History, Jan.-Apr. 1946, 40; Twe.69, 71; Brown, Trail Driving Trail Driving, 187.