24. Put.8. Put.8.

25. Emlen Roosevelt, int. FRE. Emlen Roosevelt, int. FRE.

26. Put.79. Put.79.

27. COW. COW.

28. Bamie (pronounced "Bammie") was also called "Bysie" and "Bye." Corinne was sometimes "Pussie." Elliott later became "Nell." Theodore remained "Teedie" well into his teens, and then became "Thee" (his father's own youthful nickname). For his love-hate relationship with the name "Teddy," see text Bamie (pronounced "Bammie") was also called "Bysie" and "Bye." Corinne was sometimes "Pussie." Elliott later became "Nell." Theodore remained "Teedie" well into his teens, and then became "Thee" (his father's own youthful nickname). For his love-hate relationship with the name "Teddy," see text passim passim.

29. Mrs. Alsop int.; Put.51. Strictly speaking, Mrs. Bulloch and her daughters no longer owned slaves, since they had sold their Roswell, Ga., plantation before moving North in 1856 (Put.21). But, as TR (Auto.5) makes clear, at least two slaves at Roswell remained sentimentally attached to them long after the conclusion of the Civil War. "The only demand they made upon us was enough money annually to get a new 'crittur,' that is, a mule. With a certain lack of ingenuity the mule was reported each Christmas as having passed away, or at least as having become so infirm as to necessitate a successor-a solemn fiction which neither deceived nor was intended to deceive, but which furnished a gauge for the size of the Christmas gift." Mrs. Alsop int.; Put.51. Strictly speaking, Mrs. Bulloch and her daughters no longer owned slaves, since they had sold their Roswell, Ga., plantation before moving North in 1856 (Put.21). But, as TR (Auto.5) makes clear, at least two slaves at Roswell remained sentimentally attached to them long after the conclusion of the Civil War. "The only demand they made upon us was enough money annually to get a new 'crittur,' that is, a mule. With a certain lack of ingenuity the mule was reported each Christmas as having passed away, or at least as having become so infirm as to necessitate a successor-a solemn fiction which neither deceived nor was intended to deceive, but which furnished a gauge for the size of the Christmas gift."

30. TR Sr. to MBR, Mar. 1, 1862, qu. Rob.29. TR Sr. to MBR, Mar. 1, 1862, qu. Rob.29.

31. William E. Dodge in William E. Dodge in A Tribute to TR Sr. A Tribute to TR Sr., 1718. See also TR Sr.'s "Journal" letters to MBR, 18612 (microfilm in TRB). It shows him leaving New York on Nov. 7, 1861, and being introduced to President Lincoln by John Hay the following morning. By November 14 he is working "from six in the morning to one at night."

32. TR Sr. to MBR, Nov. 8, 1861, HAY.BR. TR Sr. to MBR, Nov. 8, 1861, HAY.BR.

33. Mor.6.966. Mor.6.966.

34. Annie Bulloch to MBR, Sep. 9, 1861 (Alsop). White House tailors were to have the same problem four decades later. Note: this letter is misquoted in Rob.33. Annie Bulloch to MBR, Sep. 9, 1861 (Alsop). White House tailors were to have the same problem four decades later. Note: this letter is misquoted in Rob.33.

35. MBR qu. Put.24. "I fancy I can see little Tedie [sic] climbing out of his crib at an incredibly early hour of the morning," TR Sr. replied (Dec. 17, "Journal"). MBR qu. Put.24. "I fancy I can see little Tedie [sic] climbing out of his crib at an incredibly early hour of the morning," TR Sr. replied (Dec. 17, "Journal").

36. Mrs. Bulloch to Mrs. West, July 16, 1859; Put.256, 199. Mrs. Bulloch to Mrs. West, July 16, 1859; Put.256, 199.

37. On Jan. 8, 1862, qu. Rob.23; ib., 36; Put.26; TR at Bull Run, qu. On Jan. 8, 1862, qu. Rob.23; ib., 36; Put.26; TR at Bull Run, qu. N.Y. World N.Y. World, Nov. 16, 1902: "When the Union and Confederate forces were fighting over these fields I was a little bit of a chap, and nobody seemed to think that I would live."

38. TR Sr.'s "Journal," Dec. 15, 1861, and Jan. 12, 1862. Bamie's spinal ailment was Pott's disease (letter from Anna Roosevelt Cowles to Dr. Russell Hibbs of N.Y. Orthopaedic Hospital, 1928, qu. news clip, no date, in Alsop). She was to remain crippled for life. TR Sr.'s "Journal," Dec. 15, 1861, and Jan. 12, 1862. Bamie's spinal ailment was Pott's disease (letter from Anna Roosevelt Cowles to Dr. Russell Hibbs of N.Y. Orthopaedic Hospital, 1928, qu. news clip, no date, in Alsop). She was to remain crippled for life.

39. Put.25. Put.25.

40. Ste.34950. Ste.34950.

41. TR Sr.'s "Journal," Apr. 1862; Rob. 26. TR Sr.'s "Journal," Apr. 1862; Rob. 26.

42. Mrs. Longworth Int., Nov. 1954. Mrs. Longworth Int., Nov. 1954.

43. TR.Auto.12; Mrs. Longworth int.; COW; TR.Auto.8. TR.Auto.12; Mrs. Longworth int.; COW; TR.Auto.8.

44. Ibid. Ibid.

45. Ib., 7; Put.46. Ib., 7; Put.46.

46. TR.Auto.7. TR.Auto.7.

47. Ib., 11; But.279. Ib., 11; But.279.

48. Mrs. Alsop int.; COW. TR Sr. left home in early October ("Journal"). Mrs. Bulloch had not sold Roswell willingly; her intention was to buy it back but she could never do so, owing to her dead husband's crippling debts. During the war Roswell was looted, but not destroyed, by Sherman's marchers, and its maintenance during Reconstruction was impeccable. President Theodore Roosevelt made a sentimental pilgrimage there in 1905. Two decades later the young Atlanta journalist Margaret Mitchell visited the plantation on assignment, and is said to have received certain inspirations there. "Bulloch Hall" is now on the register of National Historic Places, and is considered to be one of the most beautiful antebellum houses in the South. In Sep. 1978 it was opened to the public. See Seale, William, "Bulloch Hall in Roswell, Georgia," in Mrs. Alsop int.; COW. TR Sr. left home in early October ("Journal"). Mrs. Bulloch had not sold Roswell willingly; her intention was to buy it back but she could never do so, owing to her dead husband's crippling debts. During the war Roswell was looted, but not destroyed, by Sherman's marchers, and its maintenance during Reconstruction was impeccable. President Theodore Roosevelt made a sentimental pilgrimage there in 1905. Two decades later the young Atlanta journalist Margaret Mitchell visited the plantation on assignment, and is said to have received certain inspirations there. "Bulloch Hall" is now on the register of National Historic Places, and is considered to be one of the most beautiful antebellum houses in the South. In Sep. 1978 it was opened to the public. See Seale, William, "Bulloch Hall in Roswell, Georgia," in Antiques Magazine at Bulloch Hall Antiques Magazine at Bulloch Hall.

49. TR.Auto.11; Rob.17. TR.Auto.11; Rob.17.

50. Ib.; characterization of Aunt Annie based on her diaries and letters in TRC; Rob.1718; Historic Roswell Inc. release, qu. Bulloch family stories (Dec. 1973); TR.Auto.12. Ib.; characterization of Aunt Annie based on her diaries and letters in TRC; Rob.1718; Historic Roswell Inc. release, qu. Bulloch family stories (Dec. 1973); TR.Auto.12.

51. Mor.3.7068. Mor.3.7068.

52. TR.Auto. 56; Lor.37, 48; TR. Auto. 6. TR.Auto. 56; Lor.37, 48; TR. Auto. 6.

53. TR.Auto.5. TR.Auto.5.

54. Bamie in Bamie in Women's Roosevelt Association Bulletin Women's Roosevelt Association Bulletin, 1.3 (Apr. 1920); copy of 1858 edition of Livingstone's book in N.Y. Public Library.

55. TR.Auto.18. TR.Auto.18.

56. Ib., 16. Ib., 16.

57. Ib., 18, 29. Ib., 18, 29.

58. Rob.34; Put.31; TR.Auto.7; Corinne, qu. un. clip, Feb. 16, 1920 (TRB). Rob.34; Put.31; TR.Auto.7; Corinne, qu. un. clip, Feb. 16, 1920 (TRB).

59. Rob.36. Rob.36.

60. TR.Auto.1415. TR.Auto.1415.

61. Rob.2. Rob.2.

62. Qu. Hag.Boy.2829. Qu. Hag.Boy.2829.

63. Qu. Put.30; Par.28; Hag.Boy.45; Gustavus Town Kirby to Corinne, Feb. 26, 1921, Alsop; TR, "My Life as a Naturalist," in TR.Wks.V.385; Qu. Put.30; Par.28; Hag.Boy.45; Gustavus Town Kirby to Corinne, Feb. 26, 1921, Alsop; TR, "My Life as a Naturalist," in TR.Wks.V.385; WRMA Bulletin WRMA Bulletin clip, n.d., in TRB. clip, n.d., in TRB.

64. TR.Auto.1415; memo. n.d., in TRB mss. TR.Auto.1415; memo. n.d., in TRB mss.

65. Mor.1.3. Mor.1.3.

66. Reprinted in TR.DBY. Reprinted in TR.DBY.

67. TR.DBY.4, 3; Hag.Boy.37; Put.57. James and Irvine Bulloch had been refused amnesty because of their personal role in financing, building, and operating the Confederate battleship TR.DBY.4, 3; Hag.Boy.37; Put.57. James and Irvine Bulloch had been refused amnesty because of their personal role in financing, building, and operating the Confederate battleship Alabama Alabama, which caused an estimated $20 million damage to Union shipping. Although this sanction was later withdrawn, they continued to live in England by choice. Rob.37; Put.57 fn.

68. Put.524; Lash, Put.524; Lash, Eleanor Eleanor, 4. In a letter to TR Sr., June 6, 1873, she signs herself "one of your babies."

69. Rob.42; TR.DBY. Rob.42; TR.DBY.

70. TR.DBY, 13; Hag.Boy.18; COW; Rob.44; Put.60. TR.DBY, 13; Hag.Boy.18; COW; Rob.44; Put.60.

71. Hag.Boy.30. Hag.Boy.30.

72. Put.601; TR.DBY 15 ff. for the rest of this chapter. Other citations follow. Put.601; TR.DBY 15 ff. for the rest of this chapter. Other citations follow.

73. Put.62. Put.62.

74. Qu. Put.634. Qu. Put.634.

75. Ib., 63. Ib., 63.

76. One wonders if TR Sr. ever mentioned this incident to Mrs. Sattery at her Night School for Little Italians. Teedie innocently describes at least two other incidents which indicate that his father's charity was not unmixed with contempt. At Pompeii, he tossed pennies at beggars, until one of them "transgressed a rule made by Papa who whiped him till he cried then gave him a sou." And at Sorrento, TR Sr. joined Mr. Stevens in washing the faces of two grimy street urchins with champagne. TR.DBY.156; Rob.49. One wonders if TR Sr. ever mentioned this incident to Mrs. Sattery at her Night School for Little Italians. Teedie innocently describes at least two other incidents which indicate that his father's charity was not unmixed with contempt. At Pompeii, he tossed pennies at beggars, until one of them "transgressed a rule made by Papa who whiped him till he cried then gave him a sou." And at Sorrento, TR Sr. joined Mr. Stevens in washing the faces of two grimy street urchins with champagne. TR.DBY.156; Rob.49.

77. Contemporary parents might be interested to know what gifts a small boy of good family received a hundred years ago. "I had a beautiful hunt [picture] with all kinds of things in it...2 lamps and an inkstand on the ancient pompeien style and a silver sabre, slippers, a gold helmet and cannon besides the ivory chammois. I have beautiful writing paper, a candle stick on the Antiuke stile. A mosaic 1,500 years old and 3 books, 2 watch cases, 9 big photographs and an ornament and a pair of studs." TR.DBY. 1412. Contemporary parents might be interested to know what gifts a small boy of good family received a hundred years ago. "I had a beautiful hunt [picture] with all kinds of things in it...2 lamps and an inkstand on the ancient pompeien style and a silver sabre, slippers, a gold helmet and cannon besides the ivory chammois. I have beautiful writing paper, a candle stick on the Antiuke stile. A mosaic 1,500 years old and 3 books, 2 watch cases, 9 big photographs and an ornament and a pair of studs." TR.DBY. 1412.

78. Rob.47. The Pope was Pius IX. Rob.47. The Pope was Pius IX.

79. Put.68. Put.68.

80. COW. COW.

2: THE M MIND, BUT N NOT THE B BODY.

1. TR.DBY.2356. TR.DBY.2356.

2. Rob.89. Rob.89.

3. TR Sr. to B, Sep. 6, 1870 (TRC). TR Sr. to B, Sep. 6, 1870 (TRC).

4. Rockwell, A.D., Rockwell, A.D., Rambling Recollections Rambling Recollections (NY, 1920) 261. (NY, 1920) 261.

5. Rob.50. Rob.50.

6. John Wood in John Wood in N.Y. World N.Y. World, Jan. 24, 1904; COW; Put.723.

7. COW; COW; N.Y. World N.Y. World, Sep. 4, 1895 (states that Mrs. Gerry, matriarch of the Goelet house, kept cattle there until 1880); also see the Strong, George Templeton, Diary Diary (N.Y., 1952) Sep. 26, 1863: "Everybody that passes [Goelet's] courtyard stops to look...at his superb peacocks, golden pheasants, silver pheasants, California quail, and so on." Rob.50. (N.Y., 1952) Sep. 26, 1863: "Everybody that passes [Goelet's] courtyard stops to look...at his superb peacocks, golden pheasants, silver pheasants, California quail, and so on." Rob.50.

8. Contrast his diary entries of Aug. 1, 1870, with, e.g., Aug. 2, 1871 (TR.DBY.237, 2412). Contrast his diary entries of Aug. 1, 1870, with, e.g., Aug. 2, 1871 (TR.DBY.237, 2412).

9. TR.DBY.247, 254. TR.DBY.247, 254.

10. J. van Vechten Olcott, childhood companion, qu. FRE. J. van Vechten Olcott, childhood companion, qu. FRE.

11. Mor.6; Rob.55. Mor.6; Rob.55.

12. TR.Auto. 1920. TR.Auto. 1920.

13. Ib., 19. See also TR.Wks.5.385. Ib., 19. See also TR.Wks.5.385.

14. For TR's auditory sensitivity as a teenager, see, e.g., his For TR's auditory sensitivity as a teenager, see, e.g., his Field Notes on Natural History, 187475 Field Notes on Natural History, 187475 (TRC). The entire 60-page document is alive with "harsh twitters, wheezy notes, trills and quavers, shrill twitters, chirps, pipings, loud rattling notes, wierd, sad calls, hisses, tap-taps, gushing, ringing songs, rich bubling tones, lisping chirps, guttural qua, qua's, hissing whistles" etc., etc. (TRC). The entire 60-page document is alive with "harsh twitters, wheezy notes, trills and quavers, shrill twitters, chirps, pipings, loud rattling notes, wierd, sad calls, hisses, tap-taps, gushing, ringing songs, rich bubling tones, lisping chirps, guttural qua, qua's, hissing whistles" etc., etc.

15. TR.Auto.2930. TR.Auto.2930.

16. Hag.Boy.3940; Put.76; TR.Auto.30. For another boy's recollections of this summer, see Igl.448. Hag.Boy.3940; Put.76; TR.Auto.30. For another boy's recollections of this summer, see Igl.448.

17. Put.7980; Rob.55; TR.Auto.21; TR.DBY. 341, 302. Put.7980; Rob.55; TR.Auto.21; TR.DBY. 341, 302.

18. TR.Auto.20; Put.78. TR.Auto.20; Put.78.

19. TR.DBY.264. From now on, self-evident quotes from this source will not be cited individually. TR.DBY.264. From now on, self-evident quotes from this source will not be cited individually.

20. COW; Rob.56. COW; Rob.56.

21. Elliott to TR Sr., Sep. 19, 1873 (FDR). Elliott to TR Sr., Sep. 19, 1873 (FDR).

22. TR.DBY. TR.DBY. passim; passim; Put.87. Put.87.

23. Rob.56; COW; Put.88 ff. Rob.56; COW; Put.88 ff.

24. Put.92. Put.92.

25. Qu. Rob.567. Qu. Rob.567.

26. COW; Rob.57. COW; Rob.57.

27. TR.DBY.304. TR.DBY.304.

28. Mor.6. Mor.6.

29. Put.90. Put.90.

30. Ib., 84, 93. Ib., 84, 93.

31. Rob.63; TR.DBY.3112; Put.93. Rob.63; TR.DBY.3112; Put.93.

32. TR.DBY.313. TR.DBY.313.

33. Ib., 322. Ib., 322.

34. Put.102104; Rob.69. Put.102104; Rob.69.

35. Encyclopaedia Britannica; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Put.102. Put.102.

36. Put.103, 108 fn; Rob.70, 80; TR.Auto.22. Put.103, 108 fn; Rob.70, 80; TR.Auto.22.

37. Mor.1011. Mor.1011.

38. TR.Auto.21; Mor.8. TR.Auto.21; Mor.8.

39. See TR.Auto.23. See TR.Auto.23.

40. Rob.72, 84. Rob.72, 84.

41. Mor.9. Mor.9.

42. TR.Auto.22. TR.Auto.22.