Platt, Thomas Collier. Platt, Thomas Collier. The Autobiography of Thomas Collier Platt The Autobiography of Thomas Collier Platt. Edited (and, one suspects, largely written) by Louis J. Lang. New York, 1910. Should be used in conjunction with Gos., above.

Pra.

Pratt, Julius W. Pratt, Julius W. The Expansionists of 1898 The Expansionists of 1898. Baltimore, 1935.

Pri.

Pringle, Henry F. Pringle, Henry F. Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography. Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1931. Highly prejudiced and selective, but still the best one-volume life of TR.

Put.

Putnam, Carleton. Putnam, Carleton. Theodore Roosevelt. Vol. 1: The Formative Years, 18581886 Theodore Roosevelt. Vol. 1: The Formative Years, 18581886. Scribner's, 1958. A neglected masterpiece. See Acknowledgments, above.

Rho.

Rhodes, James Ford. Rhodes, James Ford. The McKinley and Roosevelt Administrations, 18971909 The McKinley and Roosevelt Administrations, 18971909. Macmillan, 1923.

Rii.

Riis, Jacob A. Riis, Jacob A. Theodore Roosevelt the Citizen Theodore Roosevelt the Citizen. Johnson, Wynne Co., 1904.

Rob.

Robinson, Corinne Roosevelt. Robinson, Corinne Roosevelt. My Brother Theodore Roosevelt My Brother Theodore Roosevelt. Scribner's, 1921. Sentimental and inaccurate, but of prime importance nevertheless.

Sew.

Sewall, William Wingate. Sewall, William Wingate. Bill Sewall's Story of TR Bill Sewall's Story of TR. New York, 1919.

Ste.

Steffens, Lincoln. Steffens, Lincoln. Autobiography Autobiography. Harcourt Brace, 1936.

Sto.

Stoddard, Henry L. Stoddard, Henry L. As I Knew Them As I Knew Them. Harpers, 1927.

Sul.

Sullivan, Mark. Sullivan, Mark. Our Times: The United States, 19001925. Vol. II: America Finding Herself Our Times: The United States, 19001925. Vol. II: America Finding Herself. New York, 1927.

Tha.

Thayer, William Roscoe. Thayer, William Roscoe. The Life and Letters of John Hay The Life and Letters of John Hay. Houghton Mifflin, 1915.

TR.Auto Theodore Roosevelt. Theodore Roosevelt. An Autobiography An Autobiography. Macmillan, 1913. I have used the illustrated reprint of March 1914. For all its sins of omission, a fairly complete portrait of TR the man: alternately tender, preachy, humorous, boring, boastful, inspiring, cozy, and sad.

TR.DBY..

Theodore Roosevelt. Theodore Roosevelt. Diaries of Boyhood and Youth Diaries of Boyhood and Youth. New York, 1924. Delightful.

TR.Wks.

Theodore Roosevelt. Theodore Roosevelt. Works Works, ed. Hermann Hagedorn. National Edition, 20 vols. Scribner's, 1926.

Twe.

Tweton, D. Jerome. Tweton, D. Jerome. The Marquis de Mores, Dakota Capitalist, French Nationalist The Marquis de Mores, Dakota Capitalist, French Nationalist. North Dakota Institute for Regional Studies, Fargo, N.D., 1972.

Wag.

Wagenknecht, Edward. Wagenknecht, Edward. The Seven Worlds of Theodore Roosevelt The Seven Worlds of Theodore Roosevelt. Longmans, Green & Co., 1958. Succeeds more than any other work in capturing the size and complexity of TR. Contains a magnificent bibliography.

Wes.

Westermeir, Clifford P. Westermeir, Clifford P. Who Rush to Glory: The Cowboy Volunteers of 1898 Who Rush to Glory: The Cowboy Volunteers of 1898. Caldwell, Idaho, 1958. Some interesting Western sources.

Whi.

White, William Allen. White, William Allen. Autobiography Autobiography. Macmillan, 1946.

Wis.

Wister, Owen. Wister, Owen. Roosevelt-The Story of a Friendship, 18801919 Roosevelt-The Story of a Friendship, 18801919. Macmillan, 1930.

Woo.

Wood, Fred S., ed. Wood, Fred S., ed. Roosevelt as We Knew Him: Personal Recollections of 150 Friends Roosevelt as We Knew Him: Personal Recollections of 150 Friends. John C. Winston Co., 1927.

NOTES.

References to such general sources as Mor. and TR.Auto are made throughout the Notes. In addition, most chapters refer to sources relevant only to themselves, for example childhood diaries in Ch. 1 and naval studies in Ch. 22. Important sources are cited in full at the beginning of each Note, and are short-listed thereafter. Except where otherwise indicated, all citations of TR's collected letters (Mor.) refer to vols. 1 and 2, which are consecutively page-numbered. Other sources are cited in full passim; passim; they, too, are then short-listed. Customary abbreviations like they, too, are then short-listed. Customary abbreviations like N.Y.T N.Y.T. for The New York Times The New York Times are used wherever possible. The following initials identify persons frequently mentioned in the text: TR Sr. and MBR for Theodore's parents; B, E, and C for Bamie, Elliott, and Corinne; EKR for Edith Kermit (Carow) Roosevelt; HCL for Henry Cabot Lodge; CSR for Cecil Spring-Rice; BH, GC, and McK for Presidents Harrison, Cleveland, and McKinley; TCP for Thomas Collier Platt, JDL for John D. Long, and MH for Mark Hanna. The abbreviation "pors." refers to photographs and portraits. are used wherever possible. The following initials identify persons frequently mentioned in the text: TR Sr. and MBR for Theodore's parents; B, E, and C for Bamie, Elliott, and Corinne; EKR for Edith Kermit (Carow) Roosevelt; HCL for Henry Cabot Lodge; CSR for Cecil Spring-Rice; BH, GC, and McK for Presidents Harrison, Cleveland, and McKinley; TCP for Thomas Collier Platt, JDL for John D. Long, and MH for Mark Hanna. The abbreviation "pors." refers to photographs and portraits.

PROLOGUE.

Important sources not in Bibliography: Interviews with members of the Roosevelt family. Mrs. Alice Longworth, Nov. 9, 1954, June 2, 1956 (TRB mss.), and in July 1976 with author; Mrs. Ethel Derby, April 1976, with author; Mr. Archibald Roosevelt, Feb. 6, 1976, with author. Interviews with members of the Roosevelt family. Mrs. Alice Longworth, Nov. 9, 1954, June 2, 1956 (TRB mss.), and in July 1976 with author; Mrs. Ethel Derby, April 1976, with author; Mr. Archibald Roosevelt, Feb. 6, 1976, with author.

Because of the impressionistic nature of this prologue, there are occasional citations from sources dating later than January 1, 1907-but never unless the material quoted is chronologically authentic. For example, William Bayard Hale's A Week in the White House A Week in the White House was published in 1908, but Hale, as a was published in 1908, but Hale, as a New York Times New York Times reporter, had been writing similar descriptions of TR since at least 1903, many of which he transferred verbatim to his book. He may therefore be reliably quoted. On the other hand, all the intimate observations of Archie Butt (see Bibl.) have had to be left out because Butt did not meet TR until after the 1907 Reception. reporter, had been writing similar descriptions of TR since at least 1903, many of which he transferred verbatim to his book. He may therefore be reliably quoted. On the other hand, all the intimate observations of Archie Butt (see Bibl.) have had to be left out because Butt did not meet TR until after the 1907 Reception.

1. Washington Herald Washington Herald, and Post Post, Jan. 2, 1907; Town & Country Town & Country, Jan. 5; clips in Fenwick, 1907. Stoker, Bram, Reminiscences of Sir Henry Irving Reminiscences of Sir Henry Irving (NY 1906) 237; (NY 1906) 237; N.Y.T. N.Y.T., Jan. 2, 1907.

2. Fenwick, 1907. Fenwick, 1907.

3. Evans, Robert D., Evans, Robert D., An Admiral's Log An Admiral's Log (D. Appleton, 1910) 412. (D. Appleton, 1910) 412.

4. W. Her. W. Her., Jan. 2, 1907.

5. Ib.; 2 clips. n.d., in Fenwick, 1907. Ib.; 2 clips. n.d., in Fenwick, 1907.

6. Collage from Collage from W. Her., W. Post W. Her., W. Post, W. Evening Star, N.Y. Sun, N.Y.T., Jan. 1 and 2, 1907. Town & Country Town & Country, Jan. 5.

7. Ib. Ib.

8. Ib.; Fenwick, 1907, qu. W. Ib.; Fenwick, 1907, qu. W. Eve Star Eve Star, n.d.

9. Eve Star Eve Star, Jan. 2, 1907.

10. Ib., Dec. 31, 1906; Ib., Dec. 31, 1906; Sun Sun, same date; Philadelphia Public Ledger Philadelphia Public Ledger, Dec. 3, 1906; Eve. Star Eve. Star, Jan. 2, 1907.

11. Message to Congress, Dec. 1906, reprinted in TR.Wks.XV. See Dun. II. 314 for a list of the legislative achievements in this, "the greatest year in Theodore Roosevelt's life." Message to Congress, Dec. 1906, reprinted in TR.Wks.XV. See Dun. II. 314 for a list of the legislative achievements in this, "the greatest year in Theodore Roosevelt's life."

12. Eve. Star Eve. Star, Dec. 31, 1906; James Thayer Addison to Hermann Hagedorn, Apr. 26, 1921 (TRB).

13. See TR.Auto. 526ff. See TR.Auto. 526ff.

14. Speeches at Cuelbra and Colon, Panama, Nov. 16 and 17, 1906. Speeches at Cuelbra and Colon, Panama, Nov. 16 and 17, 1906.

15. Qu. Har.260. Qu. Har.260.

16. St. Louis Censor St. Louis Censor, Dec. 27, 1906.

17. TRB memo. TRB memo.

18. Mor.6.1605; de Voto, Bernard, ed., Mor.6.1605; de Voto, Bernard, ed., Mark Twain in Eruption Mark Twain in Eruption, Harpers, 1940, 8.

19. Qu. Har.303. Qu. Har.303.

20. Literary Digest Literary Digest, Dec. 22, 1906; Bea.3068.

21. Bea, 451; Pri.298. For a full account of the Cuba incident, see Scott, James B., ed., Bea, 451; Pri.298. For a full account of the Cuba incident, see Scott, James B., ed., Robert Bacon: Life and Letters Robert Bacon: Life and Letters (NY, 1923) 113 ff.; also Bur. 1058. (NY, 1923) 113 ff.; also Bur. 1058.

22. Bis.I.431. Bis.I.431.

23. Eve. Star Eve. Star, Dec. 31, 1906; Mor.5. 535; W. Her. W. Her., Jan. 2, 1907; Har.306. See Lane, Ann J., The Brownsville Affair The Brownsville Affair (NY, 1971) for an exhaustive and highly critical account of TR's role in this evident miscarriage of justice. The presidential message on the incident, quoted by Joseph Foraker in his (NY, 1971) for an exhaustive and highly critical account of TR's role in this evident miscarriage of justice. The presidential message on the incident, quoted by Joseph Foraker in his Notes of a Busy Life Notes of a Busy Life (Stewart & Kidd, 1917) is one of TR's most regrettable effusions. He chose not to mention Brownsville in his (Stewart & Kidd, 1917) is one of TR's most regrettable effusions. He chose not to mention Brownsville in his Autobiography Autobiography.

24. Speech at opening of Pan-American Exhibition, Buffalo, May 20, 1901. Speech at opening of Pan-American Exhibition, Buffalo, May 20, 1901.

25. Jusserand, Jules, Jusserand, Jules, What Me Befell What Me Befell (London, 1933) 346; Pri.387. (London, 1933) 346; Pri.387.

26. Harper's Weekly Harper's Weekly, July 14, 1906. "Congress has evidenced almost phonographic fidelity to the wishes of the President"-N.Y. World, July 2, 1906.

27. Crook, W. H., Crook, W. H., Memories of the White House Memories of the White House (Boston, 1911) 298; Scr., TRB; (Boston, 1911) 298; Scr., TRB; N.Y. World N.Y. World, Dec. 30, 1906; Gene Tunney in Women's Roosevelt Association Bulletin Women's Roosevelt Association Bulletin, 5.6; Phil. Pub. Ledger Phil. Pub. Ledger, Dec. 3, 1906.

28. Gwy.1.483. Gwy.1.483.

29. Rensselaer Independent Republican Rensselaer Independent Republican, Jan. 1, 1907; London Times Times, Dec. 5, 1906. The message, TR's sixth and longest at 30,000 words, was written throughout in Simplified Spelling. It contained such characteristic Rooseveltisms as "It is out of the question for our people to rise by treading down any of their own number," and the declaration that "wilful sterility," i.e., birth control, "is the one sin for which the penalty is national death.... a sin for which there is no atonement." There were at least two discreet suggestions that the Constitution needed amending. "The dominant note," remarked the Literary Digest Literary Digest on Dec. 15, 1906, "is a demand for a greater centralization of power." on Dec. 15, 1906, "is a demand for a greater centralization of power."

30. See Schoenberg, Philip E., "The American Reaction to the Kishinev Pogrom of 1903," See Schoenberg, Philip E., "The American Reaction to the Kishinev Pogrom of 1903," American Jewish Historical Quarterly American Jewish Historical Quarterly, Mar. 1974; also Straus, Oscar S., Under Four Administrations Under Four Administrations (Houghton Mifflin, 1922). (Houghton Mifflin, 1922).

31. Unidentified clip, dated June 27, 1907, in TRB. Unidentified clip, dated June 27, 1907, in TRB.

32. For TR's telegram of acceptance, see Mor. 5.524. He separately announced, not without some pangs, that the prize money would be used to establish "a permanent Industrial Peace Committee" in Washington. "Would anybody but Theodore Roosevelt," asked the For TR's telegram of acceptance, see Mor. 5.524. He separately announced, not without some pangs, that the prize money would be used to establish "a permanent Industrial Peace Committee" in Washington. "Would anybody but Theodore Roosevelt," asked the Brooklyn Times Brooklyn Times, "ever think of dedicating a Christmas windfall of $40,000 for such a purpose?" (Lit. Dig. (Lit. Dig., Dec. 22, 1906).

33. Eve. Star Eve. Star, Jan. 1, 1907; W. Her., W. Post, N.Y. Her. W. Her., W. Post, N.Y. Her., Jan. 2; Florida Times Florida Times, Jan. 1, 1907.

34. Hag.RBL.468. Hag.RBL.468.

35. W. Post W. Post, Jan. 2, 1907; Loo.20813.

36. W. Her. W. Her., Jan. 2, 1907; Moore, J. Hampton, Roosevelt and the Old Guard Roosevelt and the Old Guard (Phil., 1925) 1767. (Phil., 1925) 1767.

37. Eve. Star Eve. Star, Jan. 1, 1907; Fenwick, passim; Rand McNally Pictorial Guide to Washington passim; Rand McNally Pictorial Guide to Washington, 1909.

38. Ib.; Willets, Gilson, Ib.; Willets, Gilson, Inside History of the White House Inside History of the White House (Christian Herald, 1908) 49, 195202; (Christian Herald, 1908) 49, 195202; Harper's Weekly Harper's Weekly, July 14, 1906.

39. Storer, Maria Longworth, Storer, Maria Longworth, Theodore Roosevelt the Child Theodore Roosevelt the Child (privately printed, 1921) 27. See Sinclair, David F., "Monarchical Manners in the White House" in (privately printed, 1921) 27. See Sinclair, David F., "Monarchical Manners in the White House" in Harper's Weekly Harper's Weekly, June 13, 1908.

40. Ib.; Rob.2303; But.53, 160, 246. Ib.; Rob.2303; But.53, 160, 246.

41. Lewis, William D., Lewis, William D., The Life of Theodore Roosevelt The Life of Theodore Roosevelt (John C. Winston, 1919) 181; Hale, (John C. Winston, 1919) 181; Hale, A Week A Week, 52; Harper's Weekly Harper's Weekly, Dec. 29, 1906; Edel, Leon, Henry James: The Master Henry James: The Master (London, 1972) 2756. (London, 1972) 2756.

42. TR to William Roscoe Thayer (TRB mss.). TR to William Roscoe Thayer (TRB mss.).

43. Bea.7; TRB mss. Bea.7; TRB mss.

44. Harper's Weekly Harper's Weekly, Dec. 29, 1906; "How the President is Protected from Cranks," in Ladies' Home Journal Ladies' Home Journal, May 1907.

45. Eve. Star Eve. Star, Jan. 1, 1907; Willets, Inside History Inside History, 184; TR to Kermit Roosevelt, Oct. 2, 1903.

46. Pri.475, Wag.61; TRB memo. Pri.475, Wag.61; TRB memo.

47. Mor.3.392; see also "K" in Mor.3.392; see also "K" in The American Magazine The American Magazine, LXV.6. Apr. 1908.

48. Qu. Wag. 224. See also "Cleveland's Opinions of Men" in Qu. Wag. 224. See also "Cleveland's Opinions of Men" in McLure's McLure's, XXXII, Apr. 1909: "...the most ambitious man and the most consummate politician I have ever seen."

49. Hale, Hale, A Week A Week, 56; "K" (pseudonym), "The Powers of a Strenuous President," The American Magazine The American Magazine, April 1908; James to Edith Wharton, qu. Edel, James James, 276.