[1046] Dio, _Orat._ xlix.

[1047] _LL_ 93.

[1048] _Ancient Laws of Ireland_, i. 22.

[1049] Caesar, vi. 13, 14; Windisch, _Tain_, line 1070 f.; _IT_ i. 325; _Arch. Rev._ i. 74; _Trip. Life_, 99; cf. O'Curry, _MC_ ii. 201.

[1050] Caesar, vi. 14; Strabo, iv. 4. 4.

[1051] _Trip. Life_, 284.

[1052] Lucan, i. 451.

[1053] Diod. v. 31. 4; cf. Caesar, vi. 13, 16; Strabo, iv. 4. 5.

[1054] See p. 248, _supra_.

[1055] _RC_ xiv. 29; Miss Hull, 4, 23, 141; _IT_ iii. 392, 423; Stokes, _Felire_, Intro. 23.

[1056] Loth, i. 56.

[1057] See my art. "Baptism (Ethnic)" in Hastings' _Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics_, ii. 367 f.

[1058] Carmichael, _Carm. Gadel._ i. 115.

[1059] See p. 206, _supra_.

[1060] _IT_ i. 215.

[1061] O'Curry, _MS. Mat._ 221, 641.

[1062] _RC_ xvi. 34.

[1063] Pliny, _HN_ xvi. 45; _Trip. Life_, ii. 325; Strabo, iv. 275.

[1064] _RC_ xxii. 285; O'Curry, _MC_ ii. 215.

[1065] Reeves' ed. of Ad.a.m.nan's _Life of S. Col._ 237; Todd, _S.

Patrick_, 455; Joyce, _SH_ i. 234. For the relation of the Druidic tonsure to the peculiar tonsure of the Celtic Church, see Rh[^y]s, _HL_ 213, _CB_{4} 72; Gougaud, _Les Chretientes Celtiques_, 198.

[1066] See Hyde, _Lit. Hist. of Ireland_, 88; Joyce, _SH_ i. 239.

[1067] Caesar, vi. 14, ii. 10.

[1068] Suetonius, _Claud._ 25.

[1069] Pliny _HN_ x.x.x. 1; Suet. _Claud._ 25.

[1070] _de Caesaribus_, 4, "famosae superst.i.tiones"; cf. p. 328, _infra_.

[1071] Mela, iii. 2.

[1072] Mommsen, _Rom. Gesch._ v. 94.

[1073] Bloch (Lavisse), _Hist. de France_, i. 2, 176 f., 391 f.; Duruy, "Comment perit l'inst.i.tution Druidique," _Rev. Arch._ xv. 347; de Coulanges, "Comment le Druidisme a disparu," _RC_ iv. 44.

[1074] _Les Druides_, 73.

[1075] _Phars._ i. 453, "Ye Druids, after arms were laid aside, sought once again your barbarous ceremonials.... In remote forests do ye inhabit the deep glades."

[1076] Mela, iii. 2.

[1077] Tacit. iii. 43.

[1078] Ibid. iv. 54.

[1079] Ausonius, _Prof._ v. 12, xi. 17.

[1080] Nennius, 40. In the Irish version they are called "Druids." See p. 238, _supra_.

[1081] Pliny, x.x.x. 1.

[1082] Ad.a.m.nan, _Vita S. Col._, i. 37. ii. 35, etc.; Reeves' _Ad.a.m.nan_, 247 f.; Stokes, _Three Homilies_, 24 f.; _Antient Laws of Ireland_, i.

15; _RC_ xvii. 142 f.; _IT_ i. 23.

[1083] Lampridius, _Alex. Sev._ 60; Vopiscus, _Numerienus_, 14, _Aurelia.n.u.s_, 44.

[1084] Windisch, _Tain_, 31, 221; cf. Meyer, _Contributions to Irish Lexicog._ 176 Joyce, _SH_ i. 238.

[1085] _IT_ i. 56.

[1086] Solinus, 35; Tac. _Ann._ xiv. 30.

[1087] _RC_ xv. 326, xvi. 34, 277; Windisch, _Tain_, 331. In _LL_ 75_b_ we hear of "three Druids and three Druidesses."

[1088] See p. 69, _supra_; Keating, 331.

[1089] Jullian, 100; Holder, _s.v._ "Thucolis."

[1090] Plutarch, _Vir. mul._ 20.

[1091] Mela, iii. 6; Strabo, iv. 4. 6.

[1092] Reinach, _RC_ xviii. 1 f. The fact that the rites were called Dionysiac is no reason for denying the fact that some orgiastic rites were practised. Cla.s.sical writers usually reported all barbaric rites in terms of their own religion. M. D'Arbois (vi. 325) points out that Circe was not a virgin, and had not eight companions.

CHAPTER XXI.