[241] See above, pp. 173, 175.

[242] Jensen, _Kosmologie_, p. 275.

[243] The combination of religious supremacy with political power, which characterizes the social state of ancient Babylonia and a.s.syria, gives to the t.i.tle _patesi_ a double significance. In Babylonia, moreover, it acquires the force of va.s.sal-king.

[244] The full list is Anu, Ashur, Shamash, Ramman, and Ishtar.

[245] More precisely Arba-ilu, signifying 'city of the fourfold divinity' or 'four-G.o.d' city. _Cf._ the Palestinian form Kiryath-Arba, "four city,"--originally perhaps, likewise, a city of four G.o.ds, rather than four roads or four quarters, as commonly explained.

[246] IR. 14, l. 86.

[247] _Babyl.-a.s.syr. Geschichte_, p. 85.

[248] See above, p. 83.

[249] See above, pp. 83, 84.

[250] Cylinder B, col. v. ll. 30 _seq._; elsewhere (Ra.s.sam Cylinder, col. ii. ll. 115 _seq._) he prays to Ashur and Ishtar.

[251] Ra.s.sam Cylinder, col. viii. l. 92. Elsewhere, Cylinder B, col. v.

17, Ishtar is called the daughter of Bel. This, however, must be an error; either Sin must be read for Bel, or _khirat_ (consort) for _marat_ (daughter).

[252] See above, p. 151.

[253] See Barton, "The Semitic Ishtar Cult" (_Hebraica_, x. 9-12).

[254] _I.e._, _c._ 1800 B.C.

[255] See p. 154.

[256] See above, p. 149.

[257] See below, p. 237.

[258] A king of Nippur (_c._ 2500 B.C.) bears the name Ishme-Dagan.

[259] See above, p. 154; Tiele, _Geschichte der Religion im Alterthum_, i. 172.

[260] See Hommel, _Geschichte_, p. 490. How much earlier Samsi-Ramman I.

reigned is not known--perhaps only 40 or 50 years.

[261] The _d_ of Dagon would be represented by _d_ in cuneiform writing.

[262] See p. 154.

[263] An eponym in his days bears the name Daganbelusur.

[264] In the El-Amarna tablets (_c._ 1400 B.C.) the governors of the Palestinian states generally address their Egyptian lord as 'my sun'.

[265] Exactly of what nature we do not know. The a.s.syrian word used, Cylinder, l. 43, is obscure.

[266] See p. 160.

[267] IR. 8, col. i. 85. See above, p. 166.

[268] Ashurnasirbal calls him so in his annals, _e.g._, col. iii. 1.

130.

[269] Bavian Inscription, ll. 48-50. See also Meissner-Rost, _Bauinschriften Sanherib's_, p. 102. The reading of the name of the city is not certain. It signifies 'city of palaces.'

[270] _c._ 1120 B.C.

[271] II Rawlinson, 57, 33.

[272] So Tiglathpileser a.s.sociates Ashur and Nin-ib, as those 'who fulfill his desire.'

[273] Ashurnasirbal's father bears the name Tukulti-Ninib.

[274] See above, pp. 151, 206.

[275] One of the gates of Sargon's palace is called after Nin-ib.

[276] See above, p. 57.

[277] See above, pp. 92-94.

[278] _Kosmologie_, pp. 457-475.

[279] He is also called the offspring of a G.o.ddess, Ku-tu-shar, but this reference is not clear. See Jensen, _Kosmologie_, p. 468, note 5.

[280] In a religious text he is addressed as 'holy, holy, holy.'

[281] Balawat, col. v. ll. 4, 5.

[282] Kar = fortress.

[283] See Sayce, _Hibbert Lectures_, p. 438, and Jensen's important note, _Kosmologie_, pp. 492-494.

[284] See pp. 124, 125.

[285] Cylinder, l. 61.

[286] See pp. 117 _seq._

[287] We may therefore expect, some day, to come across the name Marduk in a.s.syrian texts earlier than the ninth century.

[288] See p. 131.