[30] Frazer, _The Golden Bough_, 2nd ed., I. pp. 29-31.

[31] Fourth ed. (1903), i. p. 285.

[32] The word _naturism_ should be adopted as a name for the pre-animistic and pre-religious stage of culture, a stage corresponding to the one through which a child pa.s.ses before he inquires into hidden causes and mechanisms. See on this an excellent little book published in this series, _Animism_, by Edward Clodd, pp. 22-25.

[33] Lord Avebury, _On the Origin of Civilisation_ (3rd ed., 1875), pp.

113-114.

[34] _The Golden Bough_, i. p. 19.

[35] Maspero, _loc. cit._, pp. 298-299.

[36] Amelie Bosquet, _La Normandie romanesque et merveilleuse_ (Paris et Rouen, 1845), p. 308.

[37] _Loc. cit._ i., pp. 75-78.

[38] A widespread opinion ascribes the failures of the magician to a rival or to the counter-influence of some evil spirit.

'If a man died in spite of the medicine-man, they [the Chepara of South-East Africa] said it was Wulle, an evil being, that killed him.'--Howitt, _loc. cit._, p. 385.

[39] Chap. iii.

[40] _Ibid._, p. 59.

[41] R. R. Marett, 'From Spell to Prayer,' _Folk-Lore_, xv. (1904), pp.

132-165.

[42] _Loc. cit._, pp. 61-62. In the third volume (pp. 458-461), a change seems to have taken place in the author's opinion. What it amounts to, I cannot exactly make out.

[43] _The Psychology of the Emotions_, p. 309.

[44] _The Religion of the Semites_, p. 55.

[45] See, on this development, my article, 'Fear, Awe, and the Sublime in Religion,' _American Jr. of Religious Psy. and Educ._, ii. p. 1.

[46] _Magic and Religion_, pp. 48-49, 69.

[47] 'On some Australian Customs of Initiation,' _Jr. of the Anthrop.

Inst._, xiii. (1883-1884), p. 459.

[48] F. Harrison, _Moral and Religious Socialism_, New Year's Address, 1891.

[49] A. Comte, _Catechisme Positiviste_, ed. Apostolique (1891), pp. 53, 55.

[50] _Natural Religion_, Macmillan (1882), p. 74.