30b. Princ.i.p.al branches of the umbel 7 or more; fruit ovate to broadly elliptical (summer) --31.

31a. Native plants, growing in swamps (5-15 dm. high) =Hemlock Parsley, Conioselinum chinense.=

31b. Introduced plants, in waste places and along roads --32.

32a. Stems conspicuously spotted with purple (5-15 dm. high) =Poison Hemlock, Conium maculatum.=

32b. Stems not spotted with purple (2-5 dm. high) =Caraway, Carum carvi.=

CORNACEAE, the Dogwood Family

Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with alternate leaves and small flowers in rather crowded rounded or flattened cl.u.s.ters; sepals 4, minute; petals and stamens each 4; ovary inferior, ripening into a berry. In one genus the flowers are minute and greenish, with 5 sepals and petals minute or none.

1a. Leaves alternate --2.

1b. Leaves opposite --3.

2a. Flowers white, conspicuous, in flattened cl.u.s.ters (shrubs 2-4 m. high; flowers in late spring) =Dogwood, Cornus alternifolia.=

2b. Flowers greenish, inconspicuous, in small axillary cl.u.s.ters (tree; flowers in spring) =Sour Gum, Nyssa sylvatica.=

3a. Flower cl.u.s.ters small and dense, surrounded by a showy involucre of 4 bracts, resembling a corolla of 4 petals --4.

3b. Flowers in open flattened cl.u.s.ters, without petal-like involucre (shrubs 1-4 m. high; late spring) --5.

4a. Herbaceous, 3 dm. high or less (flowers in late spring) =Dwarf Dogwood, Cornus canadensis.=

4b. Tall shrub or tree (flowers in late spring) =Flowering Dogwood, Cornus florida.=

5a. Leaves distinctly p.u.b.escent beneath with woolly or spreading hairs --6.

5b. Leaves smooth beneath, or p.u.b.escent with short appressed hairs --9.

6a. Leaves rough above; fruit white =Dogwood, Cornus asperifolia.=

6b. Leaves smooth or finely soft-hairy above --7.

7a. Leaves at least twice as long as wide; branches brownish or purplish --8.

7b. Leaves less than twice as long as wide; branches greenish; fruit blue =Dogwood, Cornus circinata.=

8a. Branches purplish; fruit blue =Dogwood, Cornus amomum.=

8b. Branches brownish; fruit white =Dogwood, Cornus baileyi.=

9a. Branches bright red or reddish-purple =Dogwood, Cornus stolonifera.=

9b. Branches grayish =Dogwood, Cornus paniculata.=

ERICACEAE, the Heath Family

Herbs or shrubs, frequently with evergreen leaves; sepals 4-5; corolla regular, with 4-5 petals; stamens as many or twice as many; ovary 3-10-celled, with 1 style.

1a. Plants without green color; leafless or with scale leaves only --2.

1b. Plants with green leaves --4.

2a. Flowers solitary (1-2 dm. high; summer) =Indian Pipe, Monotropa uniflora.=

2b. Flowers in cl.u.s.ters --3.

3a. Petals united into a bell-shape corolla (3-9 dm. high; summer) =Pine Drops, Pterospora andromedea.=

3b. Petals all separate (1-3 dm. high; summer) =Beech Drops, Monotropa hypopitys.=

4a. Leaves all basal; herbaceous plants with terminal racemes (1-4 dm. high; summer) (Shin-leaf) --5.

4b. Stem-leaves present --12.

5a. Style straight --6.

5b. Style bent near the apex --8.

6a. Racemes one-sided, the flowers all turned in one direction (flowers white or greenish-white) --7.

6b. Raceme regular, the flowers not all pointing in the same direction (flowers white or pink) =Shin-leaf, Pyrola minor.=

7a. Flowers numerous in each raceme =Shin-leaf, Pyrola secunda.=

7b. Flowers only 3-7 in each raceme =Shin-leaf, Pyrola seconda var. obtusata.=

8a. Flowers pink or purple --9.

8b. Flowers white or greenish --10.

9a. Leaves cordate at base =Shin-leaf, Pyrola asarifolia.=

9b. Leaves rounded at base, not cordate =Shin-leaf, Pyrola asarifolia var. incarnata.=

10a. Leaves shining on the upper side; sepals one-third as long as the petals =Shin-leaf, Pyrola americana.=