7c. Leaves lanceolate, 4-6 times as long as broad, with 5-7 princ.i.p.al veins =St. John's-wort, Hyperic.u.m majus.=

7d. Leaves oblong, elliptic, or ovate, 1.5-3 times as long as broad --8.

8a. Uppermost bracts linear =St. John's-wort, Hyperic.u.m mutilum.=

8b. Uppermost bracts resembling the leaves in shape, but smaller =St. John's-wort, Hyperic.u.m boreale.=

ELATINACEAE, the Waterwort Family

Small marsh herbs, with opposite leaves without translucent dots, and inconspicuous axillary flowers. (Stems 2-5 cm. long; flowers in summer.)

One species in Michigan =Waterwort, Elatine americana.=

CISTACEAE, the Rock-rose Family

Small herbs or shrubs, with opposite or alternate entire leaves; flowers regular, with 5 sepals, 3 or 5 petals, and 3 to many stamens.

1a. Flowers yellow (early summer) --2.

1b. Flowers greenish or purplish, minute, in panicles (late summer) (Pinweed) --4.

2a. Leaves crowded, closely appressed to the branches; flowers 7 mm. wide (2-4 dm. high) =False Heather, Hudsonia tomentosa.=

2b. Leaves spreading; flowers 15-30 mm. wide (3-6 dm. high) (Frostweed) --3.

3a. Petal-bearing flowers solitary =Frostweed, Helianthemum canadense.=

3b. Petal-bearing flowers few, racemose =Frostweed, Helianthemum majus.=

4a. Stem-leaves linear, 4 or more times as long as wide --5.

4b. Stem-leaves oblong or elliptical, about 3 times as long as wide (2-6 dm. tall) --8.

5a. Plant pale with dense appressed p.u.b.escence (2-4 dm. high) =Pinweed, Lechea stricta.=

5b. Plant green, p.u.b.escence spa.r.s.e or none --6.

6a. Leaves thread-like, seldom exceeding 1 mm. in width (1-3 dm.

tall) =Pinweed, Lechea tenuifolia.=

6b. Leaves 1-5 mm. wide (2-6 dm. high) --7.

7a. Leaves on the basal shoots narrowly lanceolate =Pinweed, Lechea intermedia.=

7b. Leaves on the basal shoots oblong-elliptic, about twice as long as wide =Pinweed, Lechea racemulosa.=

8a. p.u.b.escence of spreading hairs =Pinweed, Lechea villosa.=

8b. p.u.b.escence of appressed hairs =Pinweed, Lechea minor.=

VIOLACEAE, the Violet Family

Herbs with simple, alternate or basal leaves, and conspicuous irregular flowers with a spur (except in the first species); sepals, petals, and stamens each 5; ovary 1-celled.

1a. Flowers regular or nearly so, greenish-white, axillary; erect plant with leafy stem (3-5 dm. high; spring) =Green Violet, Hybanthus concolor.=

1b. Flowers irregular, blue, yellow, or white, conspicuous (Violet) --2.

2a. Plant stemless, the flowers all on leafless stalks and the leaves all basal (spring or early summer) --3.

2b. Stems leafy (spring and summer) --17.

3a. Petals yellow =Round-leaved Violet, Viola rotundifolia.=

3b. Petals blue, violet, or white --4.

4a. Princ.i.p.al leaves at time of flowering deeply lobed --5.

4b. Leaves oblong, ovate, or triangular, not narrowed to the petiole, and frequently sharply toothed or incised near the base --7.

4c. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, tapering to the base =Violet, Viola lanceolata.=

4d. Leaves heart-shape or kidney-shape, not lobed --8.

5a. Lateral petals bearded --6.

5b. Lateral petals not bearded =Bird-foot Violet, Viola pedata.=

6a. Leaves divided to the base into linear segments =Bird-foot Violet, Viola pedatifida.=

6b. Leaves irregularly divided into broader segments =Hand-leaf Violet, Viola palmata.=

7a. Leaves ovate-oblong, p.u.b.escent =Violet, Viola fimbriatula.=

7b. Leaves triangular-lanceolate, usually somewhat dilated at base, nearly or quite glabrous =Violet, Viola sagittata.=