ANAXIMANDER, a Greek philosopher of Miletus, derived the universe from a material basis, indeterminate and eternal (611-547 B.C.).

ANAXIM'ENES, also of Miletus, made air the first principle of things; _d_. 500 B.C.; A., of Lampsacus, preceptor and biographer of Alexander the Great.

ANCaeUS, a son of Neptune, who, having left a flagon of wine to pursue a boar, was killed by it.

ANCELOT, a French dramatic poet, distinguished both in tragedy and comedy; his wife also a distinguished writer (1792-1875).

ANCENIS (4), a town on the Loire, 23 m. NE. of Nantes.

ANCESTOR-WORSHIP, the worship of ancestors that prevails in primitive nations, due to a belief in ANIMISM (q. v.).

ANCHIETA, a Portuguese Jesuit, born at Teneriffe, called the Apostle of the New World (1538-1597).

ANCHI'SES, the father of aeneas, whom his son bore out of the flames of Troy on his shoulders to the ships; was buried in Sicily.

ANCHITHERIUM, a fossil animal with three hoofs, the presumed original of the horse.

ANCHOVY, a small fish captured for the flavour of its flesh and made into sauce.

ANCHOVY PEAR, fruit of a W. Indian plant, of the taste of the mango.

ANCIENT MARINER, a mariner doomed to suffer dreadful penalties for having shot an albatross, and who, when he reaches land, is haunted by the recollection of them, and feels compelled to relate the tale of them as a warning to others; the hero of a poem by Coleridge.

ANCILLON, FREDERICK, a Prussian statesman, philosophic man of letters, and of French descent (1766-1837).

ANCO'NA (56), a port of Italy in the Adriatic, second to that of Venice; founded by Syracusans.

ANCRE, MARSHAL, a profligate minister of France during the minority of Louis XIII.

ANCUS MARCIUS, 4th king of Rome, grandson of Numa, extended the city and founded Ostia.

ANDALUSIA (3,370), a region in the S. of Spain watered by the Guadalquivir; fertile in grains, fruits, and vines, and rich in minerals.

ANDAMANS, volcanic islands in the Bay of Bengal, surrounded by coral reefs; since 1858 used as a penal settlement.

ANDELYS, LES, a small town on the Seine, 20 m. NE. of Evreux, divided into Great and Little.

ANDERMATT, a central Swiss village in Uri, 18 m. S. of Altorf.

ANDERSEN, HANS CHRISTIAN, a world-famous story-teller of Danish birth, son of a poor shoemaker, born at Odense; was some time before he made his mark, was honoured at length by the esteem and friendship of the royal family, and by a national festival on his seventieth birthday (1805-1875).

ANDERSON, JAMES, a Scotch lawyer, famous for his learning and his antiquarian knowledge (1662-1728).

ANDERSON, JAMES, native of Hermiston, near Edinburgh, a writer on agriculture and promoter of it in Scotland (1739-1808).

ANDERSON, JOHN, a native of Roseneath, professor of physics in Glasgow University, and the founder of the Andersonian College in Glasgow (1726-1796).

ANDERSON, LAWRENCE, one of the chief reformers of religion in Sweden (1480-1552).

ANDERSON, MARY, a celebrated actress, native of California; in 1890 married M. Navarro de Viano of New York; _b_. 1859.

ANDERSON, SIR EDMUND, Lord Chief-Justice of Common Pleas under Elizabeth, sat as judge at the trial of Mary, Queen of Scots. Anderson's Reports is still a book of authority; _d_. 1605.

ANDES, an unbroken range of high mountains, 150 of them actively volcanic, which extend, often in double and triple chains, along the west of South America from Cape Horn to Panama, a distance of 4500 m., divided into the Southern or Chilian as far as 23 S., the Central as far as 10 S., and the Northern to their termination.

ANDOCIDES, an orator and leader of the oligarchical faction in Athens; was four times exiled, the first time for profaning the Eleusinian Mysteries (467-393 B.C.).

ANDOR'RA (6), a small republic in the E. Pyrenees, enclosed by mountains, under the protection of France and the Bishop of Urgel, in Catalonia; cattle-rearing is the chief occupation of the inhabitants, who are a primitive people and of simple habits.

ANDOVER, an old munic.i.p.al borough and market-town in Hampshire, 66 m. SW. of London; also a town 23 m. from Boston, U.S., famous for its theological seminary, founded in 1807.

ANDRAL, GABRIEL, a distinguished French pathologist, professor in Paris University (1797-1876).

AN'DRa.s.sY, COUNT, a Hungarian statesman, was exiled from 1848 to 1851, became Prime Minister in 1867, played a prominent part in diplomatic affairs on the Continent to the advantage of Austria (1823-1890).