[3] Descartes: _Discourse on Method_, translated by Veitch, pp. 13-14.

Also, _pa.s.sim_.

[4] Spinoza: _The Improvement of the Understanding_, translated by Elwes, Vol. II, p. 4.

[5] _Cf._ Plato's _Republic_, Books V-VII, _pa.s.sim_.

[6] For further discussion of the meaning of duty, _cf._ Kant's _Critical Examination of the Practical Reason_, Book I, Chapter III, translated in Abbott's _Kant's Theory of Ethics_, p. 164; Bradley's _Ethical Studies_, Essays II and V; and Sidgwick's _Methods of Ethics_, Book I, Chapter III.

[7] Chesterton: _Napoleon of Notting Hill_, p. 162.

[8] G. E. Moore: _Principia Ethica_, Chapter III, Sect. 58-63.

[9] Locke: _Op. cit._, p. 29.

[10] There is an excellent account of the questions that lie on the border between ethics and jurisprudence in S. E. Mezes's _Ethics, Descriptive and Explanatory_, Chapter XIII.

[11] Kant: _Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals_, translated in Abbott's _Kant's Theory of Ethics_, p. 47.

[12] H. G. Lord: _The Abuse of Abstraction in Ethics_, in _Essays Philosophical and Psychological in Honor of William James_, pp. 376-377.

[13] John Davidson: _A Rosary_, pp. 77, 82.

[14] Maurice Maeterlinck: _The Measure of the Hours_, translated by A.

T. de Mattos, p. 151. The essay in this volume, ent.i.tled "Our Anxious Morality," charges rationalism with destroying the romantic and mystical element in life.

CHAPTER III

[1] A good discussion of the several virtues will be found in Paulsen: _Op. cit._, Book III.

[2] W. H. S. Jones: _Greek Morality_, p. 50.

[3] Jeremy Taylor: _Rules and Exercises of Holy Living_, edited by Ezra Abbot, p. 73.

[4] Jones: _Op. cit._, p. 124.

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[5] Count Baldesar Castiglione: _The Book of the Courtier_, translated by Opdycke, p. 250.

[6] _Cf._ Hobbes: _Leviathan_, Chapters XIII, XIV, XV. In Hobbes's account, morality is reduced wholly to the prudential economy.

[7] H. G. Wells: First and Last Things, p. 82.

[8] Castiglione: _Op. cit._, p. 257.

[9] Burke: _Op. cit._, p. 8.

[10] Epictetus: _Discourses_, Book III, Chapter XXII, translated by Long, Vol. II, pp. 82, 83.

[11] Taylor: _Op. cit._, p. 7.

[12] Epictetus: _Op. cit._, Book II, Chapter XXI, translated by Long, Vol. I, p. 229.

[13] _Cf._ Hegel: _Philosophy of Right_, Third Part, Third Section, translated by S. W. Dyde; and _Philosophy of History_, Introduction, translated by J. Sibree.

[14] _Cf._ Plato's _Republic_, _pa.s.sim_, but especially Book IV. Plato makes the state a.n.a.logous to the individual organism, requiring baser cla.s.ses that shall permanently supply its lower functions, as well as cla.s.ses that shall supply its higher functions and so partic.i.p.ate in its full benefits.

[15] Aristotle: _Politics_, Book II, Chapter V, translated by Jowett, p. 35. _Cf._ also Chapter II.

[16] Epictetus: _Op. cit._, Book II, Chapter XV, translated by Long, Vol. I, p. 189.

[17] Sophocles: _Antigone_, translated by G. H. Palmer, pp. 61, 62.

[18] Munro and Sellery: _Medieval Civilization_, pp. 349-350.

[19] Castiglione: _Op. cit._, p. 261.

[20] Quoted from Diog. Laert. by Jones, _Op. cit._, p. 69. For a full account, _cf._ Aristotle's _Nicomachean Ethics_, Books VIII and IX, translated by Welldon, pp. 245-314.

[21] Walter Bagehot: _Physics and Politics_, No. V, in the edition of the International Scientific Series, pp. 165-166. _Cf._ this chapter _pa.s.sim_.

[22] Matthew Arnold: _Culture and Anarchy_, p. 100.

[23] Quoted by Jones: _Op. cit._, p. 128.

[24] Ibid.

[25] Arnold: _Op. cit._, pp. 25-26. _Cf. pa.s.sim_.

[26] Euripides: _Medea_, translated by Gilbert Murray, pp. 67-68.

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[27] _Cf., e. g._, Aristotle, _Nicomachean Ethics_, Book X. Also J. A.

Farrer's _Paganism and Christianity, pa.s.sim_; and Paulsen, _op. cit._, Book I, Chapters I-III.

[28] Sir Thomas Browne; _Religio Medici_, edited by J. M. Dent & Co., p. 97.

[29] W. James: _Pragmatism_, p. 230.

[30] Browne: _Op. cit._, pp. 118-119.

[31] _Ibid._, p. 110.

[32] Castiglione: _Op. cit._, pp. 304-305.