[1025] "Address of the Minority"; McMaster and Stone, 454-83.

[1026] "Address of the Minority"; McMaster and Stone, 466.

[1027] _Ib._, 469-70.

[1028] _Ib._, 480.

[1029] See various contemporary accounts of this riot reprinted in McMaster and Stone, 486-94.

[1030] The authorship of the "Letters of Centinel" remains unsettled. It seems probable that they were the work of Eleazer Oswald, printer of the _Independent Gazetteer_, and one George Bryan, both of Philadelphia.

(See _ib._, 6-7, and footnote.)

[1031] "Letters of Centinel," no. 4, _ib._, 606.

[1032] _Ib._, 620.

[1033] _Ib._, 625.

[1034] McMaster and Stone, 624.

[1035] _Ib._, 630, 637, 639, 642, 653, 655.

[1036] _Ib._, 629.

[1037] _Ib._, 641.

[1038] _Ib._, 631; and see _infra_, chap. XI.

[1039] _Ib._, 639.

[1040] _Ib._, 658.

[1041] _Ib._, 661.

[1042] _Ib._, 667.

[1043] McMaster and Stone, 667.

[1044] _Ib._, 668.

[1045] "A Real Patriot," in _Independent Gazetteer_, reprinted in McMaster and Stone, 524.

[1046] "Gomes," in _ib._, 527.

[1047] H. Chapman to Stephen Collins, June 20, 1788; MS., Lib. Cong.

Oswald, like Thomas Paine, was an Englishman.

[1048] Madison to Jefferson, Feb. 19, 1788; _Writings_: Hunt, v, 102.

[1049] Madison to Jefferson, Feb. 19, 1788; _Writings_: Hunt, v, 101.

[1050] Gore to Thatcher, June 9, 1788; _Hist. Mag._ (2d Series), vi, 263. This was a very shrewd move; for Hanc.o.c.k had not yet been won over to the Const.i.tution; he was popular with the protesting delegates, and perhaps could not have been defeated had they made him their candidate for presiding officer; the preferment flattered Hanc.o.c.k's abnormal vanity and insured the Const.i.tutionalists against his active opposition; and, most of all, this mark of their favor prepared the way for the decisive use the Const.i.tutionalist leaders finally were able to make of him. Madison describes Hanc.o.c.k as being "weak, ambitious, a courtier of popularity, given to low intrigue." (Madison to Jefferson, Oct. 17, 1788; _Writings_: Hunt, v, 270.)

[1051] Madison to Jefferson, Feb. 19, 1788; _Writings_: Hunt, v, 101.

[1052] Madison to Pendleton, Feb. 21, 1788; _ib._, 108.

[1053] King to Madison, Jan. 27, 1788; King, i, 316.

[1054] _Ib._, 317.

[1055] Elliott, ii, 40.

[1056] Harding, 48. These towns were bitterly opposed to the Const.i.tution. Had they sent delegates, Ma.s.sachusetts surely would have rejected the Const.i.tution; for even by the aid of the deal hereafter described, there was a very small majority for the Const.i.tution. And if Ma.s.sachusetts had refused to ratify it, Virginia would, beyond the possibility of a doubt, have rejected it also. (See _infra_, chaps. X, XI, and XII.) And such action by Ma.s.sachusetts and Virginia would, with absolute certainty, have doomed the fundamental law by which the Nation to-day exists. Thus it is that the refusal of forty-six Ma.s.sachusetts towns to send representatives to the State Convention changed the destiny of the Republic.

[1057] Hill to Thatcher, Dec. 12, 1787; _Hist. Mag._ (2d Series), vi, 259.

[1058] Lee to Thatcher, Jan. 23, 1788; _ib._, 266-67.

[1059] _Ib._, 267.

[1060] _Ib._

[1061] Bangs to Thatcher, Jan. 1, 1788; _Hist. Mag._ (2d Series), vi, 260.

[1062] Sewall to Thatcher, Jan. 5, 1788; _Hist. Mag._ (2d Series), vi, 260-61.

[1063] Savage to Thatcher, Jan. 11, 1788; _ib._, 264.

[1064] Barrell to Thatcher, Jan. 15, 1788; _ib._, 265.

[1065] Wait to Thatcher, Jan. 8, 1788; _Hist. Mag._ (2d Series), vi, 261. Wait was an unusually intelligent and forceful editor of a New England newspaper, the _c.u.mberland Gazette_. (_Ib._, 258.)

[1066] Gore to Thatcher, Dec. 30, 1787; _ib._, 260.

[1067] Lincoln to Washington, Feb. 3, 1788; _Cor. Rev._: Sparks, iv, 206.

[1068] See _infra_.

[1069] King to Madison, Jan. 27, 1788; King, i, 317.

[1070] Elliott, ii, 105-06.

[1071] _Ib._, 101.

[1072] Elliott, ii, 102.

[1073] _Ib._, 28.