[779] Hart, iii, 116.

[780] _Mag. Western Hist._, i, 530.

[781] Justice Cushing to Chief Justice Jay, Oct. 23, 1792; _Jay_: Johnston, iii, 450.

[782] _Memoirs of Talleyrand_: Broglie's ed., i, 176-77.

[783] Washington to Jay, Nov. 19, 1790; _Jay_: Johnston, iii, 409.

[784] Jefferson to Washington, March 27, 1791; _Cor. Rev._: Sparks, iv, 366.

[785] Washington's _Diary_: Lossing, Feb. 25, 1791.

[786] Washington to Jay, Dec. 13, 1789; _Jay_: Johnston, iii, 381.

[787] Jefferson to T. M. Randolph, March 28, 1790; _Works_: Ford, vi, 36.

[788] Weld, i, 91.

[789] Bayard to Rodney, Jan. 5, 1801; _Bayard Papers_: Donnan, ii, 118.

[790] Schoepf, ii, 46.

[791] _Ib._, 78.

[792] _Ib._, 45.

[793] Grigsby, i, 26.

[794] Weld, i, 170.

[795] Watson, 60.

[796] Davis, 372.

[797] Schoepf, ii, 95.

[798] Wilkinson: _Memoirs_, i, 9-10. The distance which General Wilkinson's mother thought "so far away" was only forty miles.

[799] Schoepf, ii, 53.

[800] Zachariah Johnson, in Elliott, iii, 647.

[801] Journal, H.D. (1790), 13.

[802] Madison to Lee, July 7, 1785; _Writings_: Hunt, ii, 149-51.

[803] _Ib._

[804] Boston was not a "city" in the legal interpretation until 1822.

[805] Chastellux, 225. "The difficulty of finding the road in many parts of America is not to be conceived except by those strangers who have travelled in that country. The roads, which are through the woods, not being kept in repair, as soon as one is in bad order, another is made in the same manner, that is, merely by felling trees, and the whole interior parts are so covered that without a compa.s.s it is impossible to have the least idea of the course you are steering. The distances, too, are so uncertain as in every county where they are not measured, that no two accounts resemble each other. In the back parts of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, I have frequently travelled thirty miles for ten, though frequently set right by pa.s.sengers and negroes." (_Ib._ Translator's note.)

[806] Smyth, _Tour of the United States_, i, 102-103.

[807] Watson, 40. "Towards the close of the day I found myself entangled among swamps amid an utter wilderness, and my horse almost exhausted in my efforts to overtake Harwood. As night closed upon me I was totally bewildered and without a vestige of a road to guide me. Knowing the impossibility of retracing my steps in the dark, through the mazes I had traversed, I felt the necessity of pa.s.sing the night in this solitary desert ... in no trifling apprehension of falling a prey to wild beasts before morning." (_Ib._)

[808] _Ib._

[809] "I waited at Baltimore near a week before I could proceed on my journey the roads being rendered impa.s.sable." (Baily's _Journal_ (1796-97), 107.)

[810] _Memoirs of Talleyrand_: Broglie's ed., i, 177.

[811] Madison to Jefferson, Dec. 21, 1794; _Writings_: Hunt, vi, 227.

[812] Madison to Jefferson, Jan. 26, 1795; _ib._, 230.

[813] "Your favor of July 6 having been address^d to Williamsburg, instead of _Orange C. Ho[u]se_, did not come to hand till two days ago."

(Madison to Livingston, Aug. 10, 1795; _ib._, vi, 234.)

[814] Lee to Henry, May 28, 1789; Henry, iii, 387.

[815] Lee to Henry, Sept. 27, 1789; Henry, iii, 402.

[816] Ephraim Dougla.s.s to Gen. James Irvine, 1784; _Pa. Mag. Hist. and Biog._, i, 50.

[817] Madison to Washington, Feb. 15, 1788; and King to Madison, Feb. 6, 1788; _Writings_: Hunt, v, footnote to p. 100.

[818] Madison to Washington, Feb. 11, 1788: _Writings_: Hunt, v, 99.

[819] Madison to Washington, Feb. 15, 1788; _ib._, 100.

[820] The Randolph-Clinton Correspondence; see _infra_, chap. x.

[821] Jay to Wolcott, mailed June 23, and received by Wolcott Aug. 16, 1794; Gibbs, i, 157.

[822] _Ib._, 160.

[823] Jefferson to Short, Nov. 21, 1789; _Works_: Ford, vi, 20.

[824] So notorious was this practice that important parts of the correspondence of the more prominent politicians and statesmen of the day always were written in cipher. Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe appear to have been especially careful to take this precaution. (See Washington's complaint of this tampering with the mails in a letter to Fairfax, June 25, 1786; _Writings_: Sparks, ix, 175.) Habitual violation of the mails by postmasters continued into the first decades of the nineteenth century.

[825] Washington to Lafayette, Feb. 7, 1788; _Writings_: Ford, xi, 218.

[826] Kettell, in _Eighty Years' Progress_, ii, 174.

[827] _Pa. Mag. Hist. and Biog._, ix, 444.

[828] _Am. Ant. Soc. Pubs._, xxiii, Part ii, 254-330.