[286] De Finibus, lib. iv., ca. 1.

[287] De Finibus, lib. v., ca. ii.

[288] Ibid., lib. v., ca. xix.

[289] Ibid., lib. v., ca. xxiii.

[290] Epis., lib. i., 1, 14.

[291] Tus. Disp., lib. v., ca. xi.

[292] Tus. Disp., lib. i., ca. x.x.x.

[293] De Natura Deo., lib. i., ca. iv.

[294] Ibid., lib. i., ca. ix.

[295] Ibid., lib. i., ca. xiv.

[296] Ibid., lib. ii., ca. xxix.

[297] De Nat. Deo., lib. ii., ca. liv., lv.

[298] De Nat. Deo., lib. iii., ca. xxvii.

[299] De Divinatione, lib. ii., ca. x.x.xiii.

[300] De Divinatione, lib. i., ca. xviii.

[301] Ibid., lib. i., ca. xlvii.

[302] De Divinatione, lib. ii., ca. i.

[303] Horace, Ep., lib. ii., ca. i.:

"Greece, conquered Greece, her conqueror subdued.

And Rome grew polished who till then was rude."

CONINGTON'S Translation.

[304] De Divinatione, lib. ii., ca. ii.

[305] Ibid., lib. ii., ca. li.

[306] The story of Simon Du Bos and his MS. has been first told to me by Mr. Tyrell in his first volume of the Correspondence of Cicero, p. 88. That a man should have been such a scholar, and yet such a liar, and should have gone to his long account content with the feeling that he had cheated the world by a fict.i.tious MS., when his erudition, if declared, would have given him a scholar's fame, is marvellous. Perhaps he intended to be discovered. I, for one, should not have heard of Bosius but for his lie.

[307] De Republica, lib. iii. It is useless to give the references here. It is all fragmentary, and has been divided differently as new information has been obtained.

[308] De Legibus, lib. i., ca. vii.

[309] De Legibus, lib. i., ca. x.

[310] Ibid., lib. ii., ca. xviii.

[311] De Legibus, lib. iii., ca. ix., x.

[312] Ibid., lib. iii., xvii.

[313] De Senectute, ca. ix.

[314] Ibid., ca. x.

[315] Ibid., ca. xi.

[316] Ibid., ca. xviii.

[317] Ibid., ca. xxi.

[318] De Amicitia, ca. xix.

[319] De Officiis, lib. ii., ca. v.

[320] Ibid., lib. i., ca. xvii.

[321] De Officiis, lib. i., ca. xxix: "Suppeditant autem et campus noster et studia venandi, honesta exempla ludendi."

The pa.s.sage is quoted here as an antidote to that extracted some time since from one of his letters, which has been used to show that hunting was no occupation for a "polite man"--as he, Cicero, had disapproved of Pompey's slaughter of animals on his new stage.

[322] Ibid., lib. i., ca. x.x.xi.

[323] De Officiis, lib. i., ca. x.x.xvi. It is impossible not to be reminded by this pa.s.sage of Lord Chesterfield's letters to his son, written with the same object; but we can see at once that the Roman desired in his son a much higher type of bearing than the Englishman. The following is the advice given by the Englishman: "A thousand little things, not separately to be defined, conspire to form these graces--this 'je ne sais quoi' that always pleases. A pretty person; genteel motions; a proper degree of dress; an harmonious voice, something open and cheerful in the countenance, but without laughing; a distinct and properly raised manner of speaking--all these things and many others are necessary ingredients in the composition of the pleasing 'je ne sais quoi' which everybody feels, though n.o.body can describe. Observe carefully, then, what displeases or pleases you in others, and be persuaded that, in general, the same thing will please or displease them in you. Having mentioned laughing, I must particularly warn you against it; and I could wish that you may often be seen to smile, but never heard to laugh, while you live." I feel sure that Cicero would laugh, and was heard to laugh, and yet that he was always true to the manners of a gentleman.

[324] De Officiis, lib. i., ca. xlii.

[325] De Officiis, lib. ii., l.

[326] Ibid., lib. ii., ca. xiii.

[327] Ibid., lib. ii., ca. xiv.

[328] De Officiis, lib. ii., ca. xxiv.

[329] Ibid., lib. iii., ca. i.

[330] De Republica, lib. vi. It is useless to give the chapters, as the treatise, being fragmentary, is differently divided in different editions.

[331] Ad Archiam, ca. xii.

[332] De Republica, lib. vi.