[187] Ad Div., lib. ix., 11.

[188] Ad Att., lib. xiv., 21.

[189] Ad Att., lib. xv., 21.

[190] Ibid., lib. xv., 26.

[191] Ad Att., lib. xv., 27.

[192] Ibid., lib. xvi., 1.

[193] Ibid., lib. xvi., 5.

[194] Ibid., lib. xvi., 2.

[195] Ad Att., lib. xvi., 7.

[196] Phil., i., 5: "Nimis iracunde hoc quidem, et valde intemperanter." "Who," he goes on to say, "has sinned so heavily against the Republic that here, in the Senate, they shall dare to threaten his house by sending the State workmen?"

[197] Brutus, Ciceroni, lib. ii., 5: "Jam concedo ut vel Philippici vocentur quod tu quadam epistola jocans scripsisti." I fear, however, that we must acknowledge that this letter cannot be taken as an authority for the early use of the name.

[198] Phil., i., ca. vii.

[199] Ibid., i., ca. viii.

[200] Ibid., i., ca. x.

[201] The year of his birth is uncertain. He had been Consul three years back, and must have spoken often.

[202] Ad Div., lib. xii., 2.

[203] It may here be worth our while to quote the impa.s.sioned language which Velleius Paterculus uses when he chronicles the death of Cicero, lib. ii., 66: "Nihil tamen egisti, M. Antoni (cogit enim excedere propositi formam operis, erumpens animo ac pectore indignatio), nihil, inquam, egisti, mercedem caelestissimi oris et clarissimi capitis abscissi numerando, auctoramentoque funebri ad conservatoris quondam reipublicae tantique consulis irritando necem. Rapuisti tu M. Ciceroni lucem solicitam, et aetatem senilem, et vitam miseriorem, te principe, quam sub te triumviro mortem. Famam vero gloriamque factorum atque dictorum adeo non abstulisti, ut auxeris. Vivit, vivetque per omnium saeculorum memoriam; dumque hoc vel forte, vel providentia, vel utc.u.mque const.i.tutum, rerum naturae corpus, quod ille paene solus Romanorum animo vidit, ingenio complexus est, eloquentia illuminavit, manebit incolume, comitem aevi sui laudem Ciceronis trahet, omnisque posteritas illius in te scripta mirabitur, tuum in eum factum execrabitur; citiusque in mundo genus hominum, quam ea, cadet." This was the popular idea of Cicero in the time of Tiberius.

[204] Ad Div., lib. xii., 23.

[205] Ad Att., lib. xvi., 11.

[206] On referring to the Milo, ca. xv., the reader will see the very different tone in which Cicero spoke of this incident when Antony was in favor with him.

[207] It was a sign of an excellent character in Rome to have been chosen often as heir in part to a man's property.

[208] Horace, Odes, lib. iii., 30.

[209] Ad Att., lib. xvi., 14.

[210] Philippics, lib. vi., 1.

[211] "Populum Romanum servire fas non est, quem dii immortales omnibus gentibus imperare voluerunt."

[212] Ad Div., lib. xi., 8.

[213] Ad Div., lib. x., 3.

[214] Ad Brutum, lib. ii., 6.

[215] Appian. De Bell. Civ., lib. iii., ca. 26.

[216] Vell. Pat., lib. ii., 62: "Quae omnia senatus decretis comprensa et comprobata sunt."

[217] Ad Div., lib. xii., 7. This is in a letter to Ca.s.sius, in which he says, "Promisi enim et prope confirmavi, te non expecta.s.se nec expectaturum decreta nostra, sed te ipsum tuo more rempublicam defensurum."

[218] Appian, lib. iii., ca. 50. The historian of the civil wars declares that Piso spoke up for Antony, saying that he should not be d.a.m.nified by loose statements, but should be openly accused. Feelings ran very high, but Cicero seems to have held his own.

[219] Ad Div., lib. x., 27.

[220] Suetonius, Augustus, lib. xi.

[221] Tacitus, Ann., lib. i., x.: "Caesis Hirtio et Pansa, sive hostis illos, seu Pansam venenum vulneri affusum, sui milites Hirtium et, machinator doli, Caesar abstulerat."

[222] Philip., xiv., 3: "Omnibus, quanquam ruit ipse suis cladibus, pestem, vast.i.tatem, cruciatum, tormenta denuntiat."

[223] Philip., xiv., 12: "O fortunata mors, quae naturae debita, pro patria est potissimum reddita."

[224] Ad Div., lib. xi., 9.

[225] Ibid., lib. xi., 10.

[226] Ibid., lib. xi., 11.

[227] Ibid., lib. xi., 18.

[228] Ad Div., lib. x., 34.

[229] Ad Brutum, lib. i., 4.

[230] Ad Div., lib. xi., 20: "Ipsum Caesarem nihil sane de te questum, nisi quod diceret, te dixisse, laudandum adolescentem, ornandum, tollendum."

[231] Ad Div., lib. xii., 10.

[232] Appian, lib. iii., 92.

[233] Dio Ca.s.sius, lib. xlvi., 46.

[234] Vell. Paterculus, lib. ii., 65.

[235] Vell. Paterculus, lib. ii., 66: "Repugnante Caesare, sed frustra adversus duos, instauratum Sullani exempli malum, proscriptio."

[236] Vell. Paterculus, lib. ii., 66: "Nihil tam indignum illo tempore fuit, quam quod aut Caesar aliquem proscribere coactus est, aut ab ullo Cicero proscriptus est."