The Kennedy Half-Century - The Kennedy Half-Century Part 46
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The Kennedy Half-Century Part 46

41. Note from LBJ to staff, December 10, 1967, Files of Marvin Watson, Box 25, Office Files of Marvin Watson: Kennedy, Robert [2 of 4], LBJ Library, Austin, Texas. On June 3, 1967, RFK introduced the president at the Democratic State Committee Dinner in New York by saying, "In 1964 he won the greatest popular victory in modern times, and with our help he will do so again in 1968 ... He is the head of our nation and of our party, our Commander-in-Chief and our chief diplomat, our Chief Executive and our chief spokesman, and the chief repository of our hopes and our fears, our advice and our consent, our complaints, and, yes, our prayers. I am very proud that we have in our midst President Lyndon Johnson, President of the United States." See Ben Wattenberg to LBJ, December 8, 1967, Files of Marvin Watson, Box 25, "Office Files of Marvin Watson, Kennedy, Robert [2 of 4]," LBJ Library, Austin, Texas.

42. J. Chris Arndt and Raymond M. Hyser, Voices of the American Past, vol. 2 (New York: Wadsworth, 2001), 506.

43. Goodwin, Johnson and the American Dream, 340.

44. According to an unofficial White House Museum website, "The East Garden was dedicated by Mrs. Johnson as the Jacqueline Kennedy Garden on April 22, 1965, although it has been called the 'First Lady's Garden' by some later administrations," namely Nixon's-Chris Matthews says that Nixon changed the name. See Matthews, Kennedy and Nixon: The Rivalry That Shaped Postwar America (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 276. White House Museum,

http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/grounds/kennedy-garden.htm

[accessed October 19, 2011]. The staff at the John F. Kennedy Library told me, "The Jacqueline Kennedy Garden is the former East Garden, which is in the same location in front of the East Wing as the Rose Garden is in front of the West Wing."

45. Jacqueline Kennedy to Lady Bird Johnson, March 15, 1965, White House Famous Names, Box 7, Folder "Kennedy, Mrs. John F., 1965," LBJ Library, Austin, Texas.

46. Runnymede is the famous meadow near the Thames River in Southern England where King John signed the Magna Carta in 1215. By placing limits on the king's power, the Magna Carta nurtured the development of English liberties, which in turn helped bring about the American Revolution and the drafting of the Bill of Rights.

47. Jacqueline Kennedy to Lyndon Johnson, March 28, 1965, White House Famous Names, Box 7, Folder "Kennedy, Mrs. John F., 1964," LBJ Library, Austin, Texas.

48. In May 1854, British sailors aboard HMS Resolute were forced to abandon their ship "in latitude 74 degrees 41 minutes N longitude 101 degrees 22 minutes W" while searching for another vessel. The following year, an American whaleboat captain discovered the Resolute, which was subsequently refurbished and presented to Queen Victoria as a gift from the president and people of the United States. Touched by the kind gesture, Victoria ordered a desk made out of the ship's timbers when it was broken up and had it presented to President Hayes. Since then, the "Resolute desk" has become one of the White House's most iconic furnishings. See "The President's Desk," John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum website,

http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Ready-Reference/JFK-Miscellaneous-Information/Desk.aspx

[accessed October 20, 2011].

49. Bess Abell to Lady Bird Johnson, July 27, 1965, EX FG 2/Eisenhower, Dwight, Box 40, FG 2/Kennedy, John F. 11/20/648/31/65, LBJ Library, Austin, Texas.

50. E-mail from Stephen Plotkin, August 1, 2011.

51. Rep. James H. Morrison (D-LA), one of those who voted in favor of extending Jackie's protection, "said it was the unanimous view of federal law enforcement experts that there is still an element of danger to Mrs. Kennedy and the children." See "House Votes Office and Protection to Mrs. Kennedy in Unique Action," Washington Post and Times Herald, December 3,1963. The Senate concurred with the House and passed Public Law 83195, which provided Secret Service protection for Jackie and her children for two years. See "Senate Passes Bill to Aid Mrs. Kennedy, Children," Washington Post and Times Herald, December 12, 1963. In 1965 Congress established the basis of the current spouse protocols, granting former presidents and their spouses lifetime protection, and children of former presidents protection until age sixteen. Prompted by Jackie's marriage to Aristotle Onassis, Congress in 1968 modified the clause for presidential widows to provide coverage until the spouse's own death or remarriage. See the United States Secret Service historical timeline,

http://www.secretservice.gov/history.shtml

[accessed November 10, 2011].

52. Marvin Watson to LBJ, July 13, 1965, EX FG 2/Eisenhower, Dwight, Box 40, FG 2/Kennedy, John F. 11/20/648/31/65, LBJ Library, Austin, Texas.

53. Caroline Kennedy has explained why she decided to publish her mother's interviews with Schlesinger in 2011: "[E]nough time has passed so that they can be appreciated for their unique insight, yet the Kennedy presidency is still within living memory for many who will find her observations illuminating." From the foreword by Caroline Kennedy in Kennedy, Historic Conversations, XI.

54. Said Jackie: "And anytime Lyndon would talk that night, Lady Bird would get out a little notebook-I've never seen a husband and a wife so-she was sort of like a trained hunting dog. He'd say something as innocent as-I don't know-'Does your sister live in London?'-and Lady Bird would write down Lee's name and 'London.' Just everything. I mean, she had every name, phone number-it was a-ewww-sort of a funny kind of way of operating." Kennedy, Historic Conversations, 85.

55. Ibid., 278. Whatever Kennedy's private view of Johnson may have been, he wisely avoided public spats with the vice president. When Kenny O'Donnell and other Kennedy loyalists attempted to embarrass LBJ by leaking an unflattering story about him to the press, JFK chastised O'Donnell for his indiscretion: "I can't afford to have my vice president, who knows every reporter in Washington, going around saying we're all screwed up, so we're going to keep him happy." Dallek, Flawed Giant, 9.

56. Kennedy, Historic Conversations, 87, 274.

57. Jackie found out that LBJ had had a gaggle of reporters in the Oval Office listening to one of his December 1963 calls to her-apparently, it infuriated Jackie when she discovered that her private conversation was simply a way for LBJ to prove to the press how "close" they were. See Kennedy, Historic Conversations, 86.

58. Telephone interview with Harry McPherson, October 5, 2011.

59. Kennedy, Historic Conversations, 273.

60. Anxious to set the record straight on her husband's death, Jackie commissioned the Wesleyan University professor William Manchester to write the definitive account of November 22, 1963. But she quickly became disenchanted with Manchester's warts-and-all manuscript and sued to stop its publication.

61. And, possibly, a suggestion that Texas's culture of gun violence underlay November 22.

62. Dallek, Flawed Giant, 520.

63. Barbara A. Perry, Jacqueline Kennedy: First Lady of the New Frontier (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2004), 19596.

64. John Corry, The Manchester Affair (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1967), 18.

65. Sam Kashner, "A Clash of Camelots," Vanity Fair, October 2009,

http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2009/10/death-of-a-president200910

[accessed August 3, 2011].

66. Manchester dropped about sixteen hundred words from the magazine version, including some personal anecdotes. The notes of the meeting between Manchester and Mrs. Kennedy were also sealed for a hundred years, until 2067. By any accounting, Mrs. Kennedy achieved a minor-and very costly-victory. See foreword by Caroline Kennedy in Kennedy, Historic Conversations, XIII.

67. Kashner, "Clash of Camelots," 7.

68. LBJ to Jacqueline Kennedy, December 16, 1966, White House Famous Names, Box 7, Folder "Kennedy, Mrs. John F., 1966," LBJ Library, Austin, Texas.

69. Jacqueline Kennedy to LBJ, undated, White House Famous Names, Box 7, Folder "Kennedy, Mrs. John F., 1966," LBJ Library, Austin, Texas.

70. Harold Weisberg self-published Whitewash: The Report on the Warren Report in 1965. Two other major November 22 conspiracy books, Mark Lane's Rush to Judgment and Edward J. Epstein's Inquest, came out the following year.

71. Kupferman press release dated September 28, 1966, Earl Warren Papers, Box 758, Library of Congress Manuscripts Division, Washington, DC.

72. For example, on what would have been Kennedy's forty-ninth birthday (May 29, 1966), twenty-five hundred people attended a memorial service at the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in D.C. Thousands more filed past the Eternal Flame at Arlington Cemetery a few months later to commemorate the third anniversary of JFK's death. See "Service Held in Capital on Kennedy's Birthday," New York Times, May 30, 1966, and Richard Harwood and John Carmody, "Mourners Mark Anniversary of Kennedy Death," Washington Post and Times Herald, November 23, 1966.

73. Earl Warren to Clayton Fritchey, November 2, 1966, Earl Warren Papers, Box 758, Library of Congress Manuscripts Division, Washington, DC.

74. RSVP from Earl Warren to Robert M. Bennett, Vice President and General Manager of WTTG, October 27, 1966, Earl Warren Papers, Box 758, Library of Congress Manuscripts Division, Washington, DC.

75. Garrison wrote two books on the investigation-A Heritage of Stone and On the Trail of the Assassins. His third book-The Star Spangled Contract-is a fictional thriller loosely based on the Kennedy assassination.

76. George Lardner, Jr., "Shaw Tied to Oswald by Garrison," Washington Post and Times Herald, March 3, 1967; James Kirkwood, American Grotesque: An Account of the Clay ShawJim Garrison Affair in the City of New Orleans (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1970), 13; Michael L. Kurtz, The JFK Assassination Debates: Lone Gunman Versus Conspiracy (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2006), 132.

77. Those believing one man had killed JFK declined from 35% to 19% over the same period. 21% were unsure in February 1967 and 15% in May 1967. See memo from Fred Panzer to LBJ, May 26, 1967, EX FG 2/Kennedy, John F. 12/28/65, Box 41> FG 2/Kennedy, John F. 12/28/65-[1 of 2], LBJ Library, Austin, Texas. See also Louis Harris, "66% See Conspiracy in Kennedy Slaying," Washington Post and Times Herald, May 29, 1967.

78. However, in January 1968 the pathologists who performed JFK's autopsy asked LBJ's last attorney general, Ramsey Clark, to empanel a group of medical experts to reexamine their actions. Four such experts, who had no ties to the Kennedy controversy or the original autopsy, were so appointed, partly in response to a suit that had been filed to force disclosure of the autopsy photos and other materials that the Kennedy family wished to keep private. In an April 1968 report to Clark, the experts essentially upheld the professional integrity of the original autopsy, though they did suggest that it would have been preferable to have a sectioning of JFK's neck wound to trace the exact path of that nonfatal bullet. See "ARRB MD 59-Clark Panel Report (2/26/68)," Mary Ferrell Foundation website,

http://www.maryferrell.org/mffweb/archive/viewer/showDoc.do?docId=323&relPageId=i

[accessed October 25, 2011]; Dennis L. Breo, "JFK's death-the plain truth from the MDs who did the autopsy," JAMA 267, no. 20, May 27, 1992: 2794803; and Fred P. Graham, "Doctor Inspects Kennedy X-Rays," New York Times, January 9, 1972.

79. Leon Jaworski to Earl Warren, July 19, 1967, Earl Warren Papers, Box 758, "Kennedy Assassination Commission Correspondence with Warren, 196467," Library of Congress Manuscripts Division, Washington, DC. See also "CBS News Inquiry, June 25, 1967, Part 1," YouTube,

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iolMAtbkOuo&feature=related

[accessed October 25, 2011].

80. Robert Hennelly and Jerry Policoff, "JFK: How the Media Assassinated the Real Story,"

http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v1n2/mediaassassination.html

[accessed October 25, 2011].

81. John F. Kennedy Center bulletin Footlight, Summer 1966, Series 2, Box 8, Folder "Subject Files 19592004. NCC Publicity [General]," John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts. I saw the film myself as a schoolboy in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1966, and you can view it on YouTube at

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4SwEUS4080