http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/arrb/master_med_set/md23/html/Image09.htm

[accessed September 29, 2011].

30. Henry Hurt, Reasonable Doubt: An Investigation Into the Assassination of John F. Kennedy (New York: Henry Holt, 1985), 36. Gerald Posner says that the Kennedys still intended to have an open casket at this point and did not want the president to be disfigured. Gerald Posner, Case Closed: Lee Harvey Oswald and the Assassination of JFK (New York: Anchor Books, 1994), 302.

31. Breo, "JFK's Death-The Plain Truth," 27942803.

32. Dr. Humes helped persuade Clark to assemble the panel. He and J. Thornton Boswell-one of the other two physicians at Bethesda-wrote a letter to the attorney general requesting a new investigation in order to quell rumors of a conspiracy. See Breo, "JFK's Death-The Plain Truth," p. 2800. However, some medical experts, such as Cyril Wecht, do not accept the findings of the autopsy and other matters related to President Kennedy's assassination. See Wecht with Mark Curriden and Benjamin Wecht, Cause of Death (New York: Dutton, 1993).

33. Warren Commission Hearings, History Matters website, Testimony of Commander James Humes, March 16, 1964 (vol. 2, p. 364),

http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh2/html/WC_Vol2_0186b.htm

[accessed September 29, 2011].

34. Michael L. Kurtz, The JFK Assassination Debates: Lone Gunman versus Conspiracy (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2006), 16. Of course, Humes was correct if this was the same bullet that struck JFK and then Connally-though Humes could not have imagined at the time that the bullet had dropped from Connally's wounded body onto the governor's gurney and not Kennedy's.

35. Breo, "JFK's Death-Part III," 1750.

36. Posner, Case Closed, 300; Chambers, Head Shot, 98.

37. "The Moving Head Wounds," Mary Ferrell Foundation website,

http://www.maryferrell.org/wiki/index.php/The_Moving_Head_Wounds

[accessed July 26, 2011].

38. Humes's testimony can be found at

http://history-matters.com/archive/jfk/hsca/reportvols/vol1/html/HSCA_Vol1_0167b.htm

[accessed October 11, 2011].

39. Some of the autopsy photos are available at

http://jfklancer.com/photos/autopsy_slideshow/index.html

[accessed October 11, 2011].

40. In February 2013 I wrote to former U.S. senator Paul G. Kirk, Jr., Ted Kennedy's appointed successor in the Senate and a longtime Kennedy family friend, requesting access to JFK's autopsy records. Kirk replied respectfully but wrote: "[T]he terms of the Deed are explicit, and they do not permit access to these autopsy materials to persons, however serious their purpose or the level of esteem in which they may be held in their own particular field of study, who are not recognized experts in the field of pathology or related areas of science and technology. I trust you can understand the logic of limiting access to those whose conclusions and theories about the assassination would be founded on their own recognized expertise and academic qualifications in those particular fields or disciplines." Letter from Paul Kirk to author, March 1, 2013.

41. Richard Dudman, a reporter covering the president's trip for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, insisted that he saw a "small hole" (not a "crack") in the windshield of the limousine when it arrived at Parkland Hospital. See Jefferson Morley, "Dec. 1, 1963: The Origins of Doubt," JFK Facts, April 25, 2013,

http://jfkfacts.org/assassination/on-this-date/dec-1-1963-the-origins-of-doubt/#more-4321

[accessed April 26, 2013].

42. The ordering of this evidence replicates the Commission's own listing in the summary of its findings. Warren Commission Report, chapter 1, pp. 1820, History Matters website,

http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wr/html/WCReport_0021b.htm

[accessed September 30, 2011].

43. Ibid.

44. The calculations behind this are outlined in the report: The vehicle traveled 136 feet in the 152 Zapruder frames preceding the first shot. At a camera rate of 18.3 frames per second, this yields 11.2 mph.

45. Warren Commission Hearings, vol. V, p. 180, History Matters website,

http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh5/html/WC_Vol5_0095b.htm

[accessed October 3, 2011].

46. I personally heard this version from Nellie Connally at a private dinner at the LBJ Library on February 7, 1997. Ironically, the dinner speaker was former president Gerald Ford of the Warren Commission.

47. There are slightly differing assessments of Connally's movements, including Connally's own testimony a week after the assassination. According to the author Michael Kurtz, Governor Connally "turned to his right to see what had happened, but he saw nothing, so he decided to turn around to his left, but he only moved back to a straight ahead position. Then Connally, his movements having consumed about a second and a half, felt the searing pain of a shot that tore through his upper back ..." (Kurtz, Assassination Debates, p. 4). Vincent Bugliosi described the same moment this way: "Unable to see the president over his right shoulder, and deeply concerned for his safety, Governor Connally is in the middle of a turn to look back over his left shoulder into the backseat, to see if Kennedy has been hit, when he feels a hard blow to the right side of his own back, like a doubledup fist." (Bugliosi, Reclaiming History, 40.) For Connally's own recollection, see https://www.tsl.state.tx.us/governors/modern/connally-agronsky-1.html

[accessed November 1, 2012].

48. Marrs, Crossfire, 1213; Warren Commission Hearings, vol. IV, p. 147, History Matters website,

http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh4/html/WC_Vol4_0078a.htm

[accessed October 3, 2011].

49. Blaine, Kennedy Detail, 21415; Warren Commission Hearings, vol. II, pp. 74 and 11718, History Matters website,

http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh2/html/WC_Vol2_0063a.htm