[accessed May 16, 2011]; Douglass, JFK and the Unspeakable, 289.

64. Interview with Marvin Lynn Wise, November 14, 1977, conducted by Harold Rose, JFK Assassination Files website,

http://jfkassassinationfiles.com/hsca_180-10112-10156

[accessed June 7, 2012].

65. Gary Mack says that he "started [this] theory from observing video of Harrelson in 1979, after his arrest for killing Judge Wood, and noting the strong similarity with the tall tramp; this of course was 10 years before anyone knew the names of the arrested tramps." E-mail from Gary Mack, May 30, 2012.

66. Interview with David V. Harkness, June 29, 2006, conducted by Stephen Fagin, Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas; Marrs, Crossfire, 33336; Bugliosi, Reclaiming History, 907; Posner, Case Closed, 27172. You can listen to part of Hunt's deathbed "confession" here:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bknUDgKdEJQ&feature=youtube

and read about it in Erik Hedegaard's "The Last Confession of E. Howard Hunt," Rolling Stone, April 5, 2007, 4484. In the mid-1970s, a presidential commission headed by Vice President Nelson Rockefeller studied the past activities and misadventures of the CIA. The commission compared photographs of the tramps to photographs of Hunt taken before and after November 22, 1963, and found that "even to non-experts it appeared that there was, at best, only a superficial resemblance between the Dallas 'derelicts' and Hunt ... The 'derelict' allegedly resembling Hunt appeared to be substantially older and smaller than Hunt." See Nelson A. Rockefeller, Report to the President by the Commission on CIA Activities Within the United States (New York: Manor Books, 1975), 257.

67. Telephone interview with Mary Moorman, now Mary Moorman Krahmer, March 5, 2013. As always, it can be argued that Moorman's vision was fixed on JFK and Jackie, and she might not have noticed something happening on or near the grassy knoll. She told me, for instance, that she had no recollection of having seen Abraham Zapruder directly across from her, even though he shows up in her photograph.

68. Interview with Jean Hill, February 1989, conducted by Bob Hays, Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas; Posner, Case Closed, 25152. During a 1993 interview, Bill Sloan (who coauthored a book with Hill entitled JFK: The Last Dissenting Witness) admitted, "I think though that I cannot in all honesty sit here and tell you that I believe everything Jean said, but I truly believe that Jean believed everything she said. Now, I don't know if this was a classic case of self-brainwashing or whatever you want to call it, but I think she had made these statements so many times over the years that she had come to believe them firmly herself." Interview with Bill Sloan, July 31, 2001, conducted by Bob Porter with Stephen Fagin and Anna Besch, Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas. By contrast, Mary Moorman's contribution to the history of 11/22 is worth ten thousand words. Her picture of the president's limousine as it cruised down Elm Street has fascinated researchers for decades. In 1989, author Jim Marrs wrote, "[An] enlargement of the knoll area in her photo seems to reveal a man [aka "Badge Man"] firing a rifle. The man is dressed in what appears to be a police uniform." Marrs, Crossfire, 88. The "Badge Man" photo has been analyzed and reanalyzed over the decades. Some say there is a man there, while others insist the image is just leaves and shadows in an indistinct background. Mary Moorman rejects the Badge-Man interpretation of her famous photo and told me flatly, "There is no such thing as the Badge Man." Telephone interview with Mary Moorman Krahmer, March 5, 2013. As for Hill's later assertions, Moorman said that she could account for all of the photographs she took on 11/22 and that she and Hill went straight to the sheriff's office after the assassination. Regarding Hill's claim that she was accosted by Secret Service agents, Moorman says bluntly, "Didn't happen." "Mary Moorman Breaks Her Silence-iAntique.com Interview," iAntique.com, May 24, 2011,

http://vimeo.com/24228714

[accessed May 31, 2011]. Moorman reaffirmed this evaluation of Hill's somewhat flamboyant pronouncements in her interview with me.

69. Douglass, JFK and the Unspeakable, 297303; personal interview with Gary Mack, February 22, 2011, Dallas, Texas.

70. Marina Oswald and Kenneth Porter married in 1965, had a son, and then divorced in 1974. The Porters have apparently reconciled and continue to live together in Texas, though they appear not to have remarried. Porter helped Marina raise Lee Harvey Oswald's children.

71. See, for example, Marina's recent TV interview with former Minnesota governor Jesse Ventura:

http://12160.info/video/conspiracy-theory-with-jesse-2?xg_source=shorten_twitter

(the second clip at the 11-minute, 30-second mark [accessed January 3, 2013]). See also Marina's correspondence with the Assassination Records Review Board, in which she expresses her doubts about her former husband's guilt:

http://www.jfk-info.com/mar04.htm

and here:

http://www.jfk-info.com/mar09.htm

[accessed January 3, 2013].

72. Oddly, Leavelle was stationed at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941-the date prior to 11/22/63 that is indelibly imprinted on the American consciousness. As Leavelle put it, he had "double duty" in U.S. history.

73. For example, British author Michael Eddowes convinced Marina that her former husband had been replaced, prior to November 22, with a look-alike Soviet agent who actually killed Kennedy. With Marina's support, the Dallas authorities exhumed Oswald's remains in the fall of 1981, but dental records confirmed beyond any doubt that Lee Harvey Oswald and no one else was buried in his grave. This macabre event received wide national press coverage at the time-just as almost anything concerning the Kennedy assassination has done for fifty years. See Michael Eddowes, The Oswald File (New York: Ace Books, 1978) and "JFK Video: The Dallas Tapes," KDFW, Fox 4 Special Project, DallasFort Worth,

http://www.myfoxdfw.com/subindex/news/fox_4_projects/jfk_video

[accessed March 19, 2012].

74. Personal interview with Jim Leavelle, April 8, 2011, Dallas, Texas.

75. Telephone interview with Henry Hurt, June 1, 2011.

76. Interview with Bob Schieffer, March 4, 2013.

77. Bill Alexander, Dallas's assistant district attorney in 1963 who was the first to gather evidence in Oswald's residence hours after the assassination, is another who believes that Oswald carried out the shootings on his own, and that his own paper trail-"Oswald was a paper-saver," says Alexander-helped the police put together their case quickly. Personal interview, January 14, 2011, Dallas, Texas.

78. Interview with Tom Dillard, July 19, 1993, conducted by Wes Wise with Bob Porter, Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza, Dallas.

79. Telephone interviews with Mal Couch, March 21 and 23, 2011.

80. Gary Mack, the curator of the Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza, told me that "Seymour Weitzman is almost certainly the man Mal Couch saw." But Weitzman gave the Warren Commission two seemingly contradictory accounts. As noted in the text, Weitzman said "somebody brought me a piece of what he thought to be a firecracker and it [supposedly] turned out to be ... a portion of the president's skull." But when asked if he was the one who had picked up the skull fragment off the street, Weitzman replied, "Yes." E-mail from Gary Mack, June 10, 2011.

81. From the transcript of Weitzman's testimony, available at

http://jfkassassination.net/russ/testimony/weitzman.htm

[accessed January 3, 2013]. Also, e-mail from Gary Mack of the Sixth Floor Museum, Dallas, June 10, 2011. Mack notes, "Amateur photographer Jack Daniel, who filmed the motorcade from the other side of the triple underpass, also saw it happen after walking into the Plaza shortly after [the picking up of the skull fragment]."

http://jfkassassination.net/russ/testimony/weitzman.htm

[accessed August 3, 2011].

83. Thomas Sills, Jr., for example, watched the parade from the corner of Main and Houston. During a 2008 interview, Stephen Fagin of the Sixth Floor Museum asked Sills how many shots he had heard. "I'm gonna say three," he replied. "You know, that's what I remember. I was nine years old and like I said. I mean, it could've maybe even been just two, but I didn't hear more than three." Fagin: "When you described it a few minutes ago, you only mentioned two shots." Sills: "Yeah." Fagin: "Saying 'three,' does that maybe come from the things you've read later?" Sills: "It might've, it might have ..." Interview with Thomas Sills, Jr., June 30, 2008, conducted by Stephen Fagin, Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza, Dallas.

84. For example, see the interviews conducted with Ernest Brandt, May 12, 1994, and John Templin, July 28, 1995, both conducted by Bob Porter, Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza, Dallas. Brandt and Templin did not come forward as witnesses until 1993. They claim they fled the scene before police could interview them on 11/22/63. Brandt says he is visible in the Zapruder film, wearing a hat, and maybe he is-but it is impossible to tell for sure since so many men were wearing hats (the fashion of the time), and the hats obscure many faces. Both men have detailed accounts about what happened, though they differ on key particulars, such as the number of shots and where they came from. Keep in mind they were supposedly standing next to one another-which could again demonstrate just how confusing the scene and acoustics were in Dealey Plaza.

85. Personal interview with Jim Leavelle, March 17, 2011, Dallas, Texas. Americans who came of age in the late 1960s will recognize this phenomenon as the "Woodstock syndrome." Many more people have claimed to have been at this ultimate music extravaganza, held in Woodstock, New York, in August 1969, than could actually have attended it.

8. 11/22/63: QUESTIONS, ANSWERS, MYSTERIES.

1. The Dallas district attorney's office actually told one Dallas reporter late on 11/22 that the assassination was carried out "in furtherance of an international Communist conspiracy."

2. Like many who have lived or studied the confusing saga of November 22, Aynesworth appears to have changed his mind, or at least experienced a moment of doubt, since my last interview with him. In March 2013 he told a reporter that Oswald may indeed have received training and aid from Soviet agents. See Michael E. Young, "Gary Mack and the Evolution of a JFK Conspiracy Theorist," Dallas Morning News, March 2, 2013,