Story of the simpletons who ate the buffalo.

Some villagers took a buffalo belonging to a certain man, and killed it in an enclosure outside the village, under a banyan-tree, and, dividing it, ate it up. The proprietor of the buffalo went and complained to the king, and he had the villagers, who had eaten the buffalo, brought before him. And the proprietor of the buffalo said before the king, in their presence; "These foolish men took my buffalo under a banyan-tree near the tank, and killed it and ate it before my eyes." Whereupon an old fool among the villagers said, "There is no tank or banyan-tree in our village. He says what is not true: where did we kill his buffalo or eat it?"

When the proprietor of the buffalo heard this, he said; "What! is there not a banyan-tree and a tank on the east side of the village? Moreover, you ate my buffalo on the eighth day of the lunar month." When the proprietor of the buffalo said this, the old fool replied, "There is no east side or eighth day in our village." When the king heard this, he laughed, and said, to encourage the fool; "You are a truthful person, you never say anything false, so tell me the truth, did you eat that buffalo or did you not?" When the fool heard that, he said, "I was born three years after my father died, and he taught me skill in speaking. So I never say what is untrue, my sovereign; it is true that we ate his buffalo, but all the rest that he alleges is false." When the king heard this, he and his courtiers could not restrain their laughter; so the king restored the price of the buffalo to the plaintiff, and fined those villagers.

"So, fools, in the conceit of their folly, while they deny what need not be denied, reveal what it is their interest to suppress, in order to get themselves believed."

Story of the fool who behaved like a Brahmany drake.

A certain foolish man had an angry wife, who said to him; "To-morrow I shall go to my father's house, I am invited to a feast. So if you do not bring me a garland of blue lotuses from somewhere or other, you will cease to be my husband, and I shall cease to be your wife." Accordingly he went at night to the king's tank to fetch them. And when he entered it, the guards saw him, and cried out; "Who are you?" He said, "I am a Brahmany drake," but they took him prisoner; and in the morning he was brought before the king, and when questioned, he uttered in his presence the cry of that bird. Then the king himself summoned him and questioned him persistently, and when he told his story, being a merciful monarch, he let the wretched man go unpunished.

Story of the physician who tried to cure a hunchback.

And a certain Brahman said to a foolish physician; "Drive in the hump on the back of my son who is deformed." When the physician heard that, he said; "Give me ten panas, I will give you ten times as many, if I do not succeed in this." Having thus made a bet, and having taken the ten panas from the Brahman, the physician only tortured the hunchback with sweating and other remedies. But he was not able to remove the hump; so he paid down the hundred panas; for who in this world would be able to make straight a hunchbacked man?

"So the boastful fashion of promising to accomplish impossibilities only makes a man ridiculous. Therefore a discreet person should not walk in these ways of fools." When the wise prince Naravahanadatta had heard, at night, these tales of fools from his auspicious-mouthed minister, named Gomukha, he was exceedingly pleased with him.

And though he was pining for Saktiyasas, yet, owing to the pleasure he derived from the stories that Gomukha told him, he was enabled to get to sleep, when he went to bed, and slept surrounded by his ministers who had grown up with him.

CHAPTER LXIII.

The next morning Naravahanadatta woke up, and thinking on his beloved Saktiyasas, became distracted. And thinking that the rest of the month, until he married her, was as long as an age, he could not find pleasure in anything, as his mind was longing for a new wife. When the king, his father, heard that from the mouth of Gomukha, out of love for him, he sent him his ministers, and Vasantaka was among them. Then, out of respect for them, the prince of Vatsa managed to recover his composure. And the discreet minister Gomukha said to Vasantaka; "n.o.ble Vasantaka, tell some new and romantic tale to delight the mind of the crown-prince. Then the wise Vasantaka began to tell this tale.

Story of Yasodhara and Lakshmidhara and the two wives of the water-genius.

There was a famous Brahman in Malava, named Sridhara. And twin sons, of like feature, were born to him. The eldest was named Yasodhara, and his younger brother was Lakshmidhara. And when they grew up, the two brothers set out together for a foreign country to study, with the approval of their father. And as they were travelling along, they reached a great wilderness, without water, without the shade of trees, full of burning sand; and being fatigued with pa.s.sing through it, and exhausted with heat and thirst, they reached in the evening a shady tree laden with fruit. And they saw, at a little distance from its foot, a lake with cold and clear water, perfumed with the fragrance of lotuses. They bathed in it, and refreshed themselves with drinking the cold water, and sitting down on a slab of rock, rested for a time. And when the sun set, they said their evening prayers, and through fear of wild beasts they climbed up the tree, to spend the night there. And in the beginning of the night, many men rose out of the water of that tank below them, before their eyes. And one of them swept the ground, another painted it, and another strewed on it flowers of five colours. And another brought a golden couch and placed it there, and another spread on it a mattress with a coverlet. Another brought, and placed in a certain spot, under the tree, delicious food and drink, flowers and unguents. Then there arose from the surface of that lake a man wearing a sword, and adorned with heavenly ornaments, surpa.s.sing in beauty the G.o.d of Love. [110] When he had sat down on the couch, his attendants threw garlands round his neck, and anointed him with unguents, and then they all plunged again into the lake. Then he brought out of his mouth a lady of n.o.ble form and modest appearance, wearing auspicious garlands and ornaments, and a second, rich in celestial beauty, resplendent with magnificent robes and ornaments. [111] These were both his wives, but the second was the favourite. Then the first and good wife placed jewelled plates on the table, and handed food in two plates to her husband and her rival. When they had eaten, she also ate; and then her husband reclined on the couch with the rival wife, and went to sleep. And the first wife shampooed his feet, and the second remained awake on the couch.

When the Brahman's sons who were in the tree, saw this, they said to one another, "Who can this be? Let us go down and ask the lady who is shampooing his feet, for all these are immortal beings." Then they got down and approached the first wife, and then the second saw Yasodhara: then she rose up from the couch in her inordinate pa.s.sion, while her husband was asleep, and approaching that handsome youth, said, "Be my lover." He answered, "Wicked woman, you are to me the wife of another, and I am to you a strange man. Then why do you speak thus?" She answered, "I have had a hundred lovers. Why are you afraid? If you do not believe it, look at these hundred rings, [112]

for I have taken one ring from each of them." With these words she took the rings out of the corner of her garment, and shewed them to him. Then Yasodhara said, "I do not care whether you have a hundred or a hundred thousand lovers, to me you are as a mother; I am not a person of that sort." When the wicked woman was repelled by him in this way, she woke up her husband in her wrath, and, pointing to Yasodhara, said with tears, "This scoundrel, while you were asleep, used violence to me." When her husband heard this, he rose up and drew his sword. Then the first and virtuous wife embraced his feet, and said, "Do not commit a crime on false evidence. Hear what I have to say. This wicked woman, when she saw him, rose up from your side, and eagerly importuned him, and the virtuous man did not consent to her proposal." When he repelled her, saying, 'You are to me as a mother,'

being unable to endure that, in her anger she woke you up, to make you kill him. And she has already before my eyes had a hundred lovers here on various nights, travellers who were reposing in this tree, and taken their rings from them. But I never told you, not wishing to give rise to unpleasantness. However, to-day I am necessarily compelled to reveal this secret, lest you should be guilty of a crime. Just look at the rings in the corner of her garment, if you do not believe it. And my wifely virtue is of such a kind that I cannot tell my husband what is untrue. In order that you may be convinced of my faithfulness, see this proof of my power." After saying this, she reduced that tree to ashes with an angry look, and restored it more magnificent than it was before with a look of kindness. When her husband saw that, he was at last satisfied and embraced her. And he sent that second wife, the adulteress, about her business, after cutting off her nose, and taking the rings from the corner of her garment.

He restrained his anger, when he beheld that student of the scripture, Yasodhara, with his brother, and he said to him despondingly; "Out of jealousy I always keep these wives of mine in my heart. But still I have not been able to keep safe this wicked woman. Who can arrest the lightning? Who can guard a disloyal woman? As for a chaste woman, she is guarded by her own modesty alone, and being guarded by it, she guards [113] her husband in both worlds, as I have to-day been guarded by this woman, whose patience is more admirable even than her power of cursing. By her kindness I have got rid of an unfaithful wife, and avoided the awful crime of killing a virtuous Brahman." When he had said this, he made Yasodhara sit down, and said to him, "Tell me whence you come and whither you are going." Then Yasodhara told him his history, and having gained his confidence, said to him out of curiosity, "n.o.ble sir, if it is not a secret, tell me now, who you are, and why, though you possess such luxury, you dwell in the water." When the man who lived in the water heard this, he said, "Hear! I will tell you." And he began to tell his history in the following words.

Story of the water-genius in his previous birth.

There is a region in the south of the Himalaya, called Kasmira; which Providence seems to have created in order to prevent mortals from hankering after Heaven; where Siva and Vishnu, as self-existent deities, inhabit a hundred shrines, forgetting their happy homes in Kailasa and Svetadvipa; which is laved by the waters of the Vitasta, and full of heroes and sages, and proof against treacherous crimes and enemies, though powerful. There I was born in my former life, as an ordinary villager of the Brahman caste, with two wives, and my name was Bhavasarman. There I once struck up a friendship with some Buddhist mendicants, and undertook the vow, called the fast Uposhana, prescribed in their scriptures. And when this vow was almost completed, one of my wives wickedly came and slept in my bed. And in the fourth watch of the night, bewildered with sleep, I broke my vow. But as it fell only a little short of completion, I have been born as a water-genius, and these two wives of mine have been born as my present wives here. That wicked woman was born as that unfaithful wife, the second as this faithful one. So great was the power of my vow, though it was rendered imperfect, that I remember my former birth, and enjoy such luxuries every night. If I had not rendered my vow imperfect, I should never have been born as what I am.

When he had told his story in these words, he honoured those two brothers as guests, with delicious food and heavenly garments. Then his faithful wife, having heard of her former life, knelt on the ground, and looking at the moon, uttered this prayer, "O guardians of the world, if I am in truth virtuous and devoted to my husband, may this husband of mine be at once delivered from the necessity of dwelling in the water and go to heaven." The moment she had said this, a chariot descended from heaven, and the husband and wife ascended it and went to heaven. Nothing in the three worlds is unattainable by really chaste women. And the two Brahmans, when they saw that, were greatly astonished. And Yasodhara and Lakshmidhara, after spending the rest of the night there, set out in the morning. And in the evening they reached the foot of a tree in a lonely wilderness. And while they were longing to get water, they heard this voice from the tree, "Wait a little, Brahmans! I will entertain you to-day with a bath and food, for you are come to my house." Then the voice ceased, and there sprang up there a tank of water, and meats and drinks of every kind were provided on its bank. The two Brahman youths said with astonishment to one another,--"What does this mean?" And after bathing in the tank, they ate and drank. Then they said the evening prayer and remained under the tree, and in the meanwhile a handsome man appeared from it. They saluted him, and he welcomed them, and he sat down. Thereupon the two Brahman youths asked him who he was. Then the man said--

Story of the Brahman who became a Yaksha.

Long ago I was a Brahman in distress, and when I was in this condition, I happened to make friends with some Buddhist ascetics. But while I was performing the vow called Uposhana, which they had taught me, a wicked man made me take food in the evening by force. That made my vow incomplete, so I was born as a Guhyaka; if I had only completed it, I should have been born as a G.o.d in heaven.

"So I have told you my story, but now do you two tell me, who you are, and why you have come to this desert." When Yasodhara heard this, he told him their story. Thereupon the Yaksha went on to say; "If this is the case, I will by my own power bestow on you the sciences. Go home with a knowledge of them. What is the use of roaming about in foreign countries?" When he had said this, he bestowed on them the sciences, and by his power they immediately possessed them. Then the Yaksha said to them, "Now I entreat you to give me a fee as your instructor. You must perform, on my behalf, this Uposhana vow, which involves the speaking of the truth, the observing of strict chast.i.ty, the circ.u.mambulating the images of the G.o.ds with the right side turned towards them, the eating only at the time when Buddhist mendicants do, restraint of the mind, and patience. You must perform this for one night, and bestow the fruit of it on me, in order that I may obtain that divinity, which is the proper fruit of my vow, when completely performed." When the Yaksha said this, they bowed before him and granted his request, and he disappeared in that very same tree.

And the two brothers, delighted at having accomplished their object without any toil, after they had pa.s.sed the night, returned to their own home. There they told their adventures and delighted their parents, and performed that vow of fasting for the benefit of the Yaksha. Then that Yaksha, who taught them, appeared in a sky-chariot, and said to them; "Through your kindness I have ceased to be a Yaksha and have become a G.o.d. So now you must perform this vow for your own advantage, in order that at your death you may attain divinity. And in the meanwhile I give you a boon, by which you will have inexhaustible wealth." When the deity, who roamed about at will, had said this, he went to heaven in his chariot. Then the two brothers, Yasodhara and Lakshmidhara, lived happily, having performed that vow, and having obtained wealth and knowledge.

"So you see that, if men are addicted to righteousness, and do not, even in emergencies, desert their principles, even the G.o.ds protect them and cause them to attain their objects." Naravahanadatta, while longing for his beloved Saktiyasas, was much delighted with this marvellous story told by Vasantaka; but having been summoned by his father at the dinner hour, he went to his palace with his ministers. There he took the requisite refreshment, and returned to his palace, with Gomukha and his other ministers. Then Gomukha, in order to amuse him, again said,--"Listen, prince, I will tell you another string of tales."

Story of the monkey and the porpoise. [114]

There lived in a forest of udumbaras, on the sh.o.r.e of the sea, a king of monkeys, named Valimukha, who had strayed from his troop. While he was eating an udumbara fruit, it fell from his hand and was devoured by a porpoise that lived in the water of the sea. The porpoise, delighted at the taste of the fruit, uttered a melodious sound, which pleased the monkey so much, that he threw him many more fruits. And so the monkey went on throwing fruits, [115] and the porpoise went on making a melodious sound, until a friendship sprang up between them. So every day the porpoise spent the day in the water near the monkey, who remained on the bank, and in the evening he went home.

Then the wife of the porpoise came to learn the facts, and as she did not approve of the friendship between the monkey and her husband, which caused the latter to be absent all day, she pretended to be ill. Then the porpoise was afflicted, and asked his wife again and again what was the nature of her sickness, and what would cure it. Though he importuned her persistently, she would give no answer, but at last a female confidante of hers said to him: "Although you will not do it, and she does not wish you to do it, still I must speak. How can a wise person conceal sorrow from friends? A violent disease has seized your wife, of such a kind that it cannot be cured without soup made of the lotus-like heart of a monkey." [116] When the porpoise heard this from his wife's confidante, he reflected;--"Alas! how shall I obtain the lotus-like heart of a monkey? Is it right for me to plot treachery against the monkey, who is my friend? On the other hand how else can I cure my wife, whom I love more than my life?" When the porpoise had thus reflected, he said to his wife; "I will bring you a whole monkey, my dear, do not be unhappy." When he had said this, he went to his friend the monkey, and said to him, after he had got into conversation; "Up to this day you have never seen my home and my wife; so come, let us go and rest there one day. Friendship is but hollow, when friends do not go without ceremony and eat at one another's houses, and introduce their wives to one another." With these words the porpoise beguiled the monkey, and induced him to come down into the water, and took him on his back and set out. And as he was going along, the monkey saw that he was troubled and confused, and said, "My friend, you seem to be altered to-day." And when he went on persistently enquiring the reason, the stupid porpoise, thinking that the ape was in his power, said to him; "The fact is, my wife is ill, and she has been asking me for the heart of a monkey to be used as a remedy; that is why I am in low spirits to-day." When the wise monkey heard this speech of his, he reflected, "Ah! This is why the villain has brought me here! Alas! this fellow is overpowered by infatuation for a female, and is ready to plot treachery against his friend. Will not a person possessed by a demon eat his own flesh with his teeth?" After the monkey had thus reflected, he said to the porpoise; "If this is the case, why did you not inform me of this before, my friend? I will go and get my heart for your wife. For I have at present left it on the udumbara-tree on which I live. [117]

When the silly porpoise heard this, he was sorry and he said; "Then bring it, my friend, from the udumbara-tree." And thereupon the porpoise took him back to the sh.o.r.e of the sea. When he got there, he bounded up the bank, as if he had just escaped from the grasp of death, and climbing up to the top of the tree, said to that porpoise, "Off with you, you fool! Does any animal keep his heart outside his body? However, by this artifice I have saved my life, and I will not return to you. Have you not heard, my friend, the story of the a.s.s?"

Story of the sick lion, the jackal, and the a.s.s. [118]

There lived in a certain forest a lion, who had a jackal for a minister. A certain king, who had gone to hunt, once found him, and wounded him so sorely with his weapons, that he with difficulty escaped to his den alive. When the king was gone, the lion still remained in the den, and his minister, the jackal, who lived on his leavings, being exhausted for want of food, said to him; "My lord, why do you not go out and seek for food to the best of your ability, for your own body is being famished as well as your attendants?" When the jackal said this to the lion, he answered; "My friend, I am exhausted with wounds, and I cannot roam about outside my den. If I could get the heart and ears of a donkey to eat, my wounds would heal, and I should recover my former health. So go and bring me a donkey quickly from somewhere or other." The jackal agreed to do so and sallied out. As he was wandering about, he found a washerman's a.s.s in a solitary place, and he went up to him, and said in a friendly way; "Why are you so exhausted?" The donkey answered, "I am reduced by perpetually carrying this washerman's load." The jackal said, "Why do you endure all this toil? Come with me and I will take you to a forest as delightful as Heaven, where you may grow fat in the society of she-a.s.ses." When the donkey, who was longing for enjoyment, heard this, he went to the forest, in which that lion ranged, in the company of that jackal. And when the lion saw him, being weak from impaired vitality, he only gave him a blow with his paw behind, and the donkey, being wounded by the blow, was terrified and fled immediately, and did not come near the lion again, and the lion fell down confused and bewildered. And then the lion, not having accomplished his object, hastily returned to his den. Then the jackal, his minister, said to him reproachfully; "My lord, if you could not kill this miserable donkey, what chance is there of your killing deer and other animals?" Then the lion said to him, "If you know how, bring that donkey again. I will be ready and kill him."

When the lion had despatched the jackal with these words, he went to the donkey and said; "Why did you run away, sir? And the donkey answered, "I received a blow from some creature." Then the jackal laughed and said, "You must have experienced a delusion. There is no such creature there, for I, weak as I am, dwell there, in safety. So come along with me to that forest, where pleasure is without restraint." [119] When he said this, the donkey was deluded, and returned to the forest. And as soon as the lion saw him, he came out of his den, and springing on him from behind, tore him with his claws and killed him. And the lion, after he had divided the donkey, placed the jackal to guard it, and being fatigued, went away to bathe. And in the meanwhile the deceitful jackal devoured the heart and ears of that donkey, to gratify his appet.i.te. The lion, after bathing, came back, and perceiving the donkey in this condition, asked the jackal where its ears and heart were. The jackal answered him; "The creature never possessed ears or a heart,--otherwise how could he have returned when he had once escaped?" When the lion heard that, he believed it, and ate his flesh, and the jackal devoured what remained over.

When the ape had told this tale, he said again to the porpoise; "I will not come again, why should I behave like the jacka.s.s." When the porpoise heard this from the monkey, he returned home, grieving that he had through his folly failed to execute his wife's commission, while he had lost a friend. But his wife recovered her former tranquillity, on account of the termination of her husband's friendship with the ape. And the ape lived happily on the sh.o.r.e of the sea.

"So a wise person should place no confidence in a wicked person. How can he, who confides in a wicked person or a black cobra, enjoy prosperity?" When Gomukha had told this story, he again said to Naravahanadatta, to amuse him; "Now hear in succession about the following ridiculous fools. Hear first about the fool who rewarded the minstrel."

Story of the fool who gave a verbal reward to the musician. [120]

A certain musician once gave great pleasure to a rich man, by singing and playing before him. He thereupon called his treasurer, and said in the hearing of the musician, "Give this man two thousand panas." The treasurer said, "I will do so," and went out. Then the minstrel went and asked him for those panas. But the treasurer, who had an understanding with his master, refused to give them.

Then the musician came and asked the rich man for the panas, but he said; "What did you give me, that I should make you a return? You gave a short-lived pleasure to my ears by playing on the lyre, and I gave a short-lived pleasure to your ears by promising you money." When the musician heard that, he despaired of his payment, laughed, and went home.

"Would not that speech of the miser's make even a stone laugh? And now, prince, hear the story of the two foolish pupils."

Story of the teacher and his two jealous pupils. [121]