http://www-cta.ornl.gov/cta/Publications/Reports/ORNL_TM_1999_157.pdf Key to Metals, "Aluminum Alloys Effects of Alloying Elements," http://www.key-to-metals.com/Article55.htm "Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys," . . ./Article2.htm "Automotive Trends in Aluminum . . ." . . .

article135.htm "Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys," Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia, vol. 2, pp. 184-251.

Beck, "Electrolytic production of aluminum," Electrochemistry Encyclopedia, http://electrochem.cwru.edu/ed/encycl/art-a01-al-prod.htm Binczewski, "The Point of a Monument: A History of the Aluminum Cap of the Washington Monument," JOM 47(11): 220-225 (1995), http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/9511/Binczewski-9511.html Calvert, "Aluminium,"

www.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/alumin.htm [Oberlin], "Charles Martin Hall and the Electrolytic Process for Refining Aluminum,"www.oberlin.edu/chem/history/cmharticle.html Prasad, "Studies on the Hall-Heroult Aluminum Electrowinning Process,"J. Braz. Chem. Soc. , 11(3): 245-51 (May/June 2000), http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-50532000000300008 USGS, "Aluminum," http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/aluminum/050798.pdf Wallach,Market Control of the Aluminum Industry (1937) Welch, "Aluminum production paths in the new millenium,"

JOM 51(5): 24-28 (1999).

Bauxite Mining Primarily Bateman, Economic Mineral Deposits (1950) [IAI] International Aluminum Institute, "Bauxite Geology," http://www.world-aluminium.org/production/mining/geology.html "Bauxite Mining Methods," . . ./production/mining/methods.html "Aluminum Use by Product," . .

./applications/use.html Lancashire, "The Chemistry and Processing of Jamaican Bauxite,"

http://wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm:1104/lectures/bauxite.html Rayzman, "Extracting Silica and Alumina from Low-Grade Bauxite, JOM 55(8) 47-50 (August 2003) Cryolite; Greenland Exploration Braat, "Dutch Activities in the North and the Arctic during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries" Arctic. 37(4) 473-80 (1984) Freer, A Textbook of General Descriptive Chemistry (1892) Greenland Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum (BMP), Annual Report on Mineral and Petroleum Activities in Greenland 1998 (April 1999), http://www.bmp.gl/E/administration/periodical_shelf/EC2_10aa_aa10_1998-BMP-annual-rpt.pdf Grossman, Building a Business Through Good Times and Bad (2002) Hiorns, Principles of Metallurgy (1895) Kragh, Helge, "From Curiosity to Industry: The Early History of Cryolite Soda Manufacture,"

Annals of Science , 52: 285-301 (1995) "Greenland,"Johnson's (revised) Universal Cyclopedia "Cryolite,"www.mineralszone.com/minerals/cryolite.html Travis,Determinants in the Evolution of the European Chemical Industry, 1900-1939 University of the Arctic, Course BCS331, Module 11, "Mining in the North Circumpolar World," http://www.uarctic.org/bcs/BCS331/module_11.pdf Wagner, A Handbook of Chemical Technology (1877) Whittaker, "Karl Ludwig Giesecke: His Life, Performance and achievements,"Mitt.oesterr. Miner. Ges. 146: 451 (2001), http://www.uibk.ac.at/earthsciences/oemg/bd_146/146_451-479.pdf

Recycling "Recycling (Nonferrous Metals),"Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia , V20 Miller, Aluminum Packaging, Waste Age (2004) http://www.wasteage.com/mag/waste_aluminum_packaging_2/index.html [NAP] Separation Technologies for the Industries of the Future (1998, 2000) General Chemistry and Metallurgy Ebling, General Chemistry (1993) Garrison,A History of Engineering and Technology (1999) Habashi, "Discovering the 8th Metal: A history of Zinc,"

http://www.iza.com/zwo_org/Publications/Discovering/0202.htm Hochleitner,Minerals: Identifying, classifying, and collecting them (1992) Hultgren, Fundamentals of Physical Metallurgy (1952) Kennedy, "Iron mining and metallurgy,"

http://www.americanforeignrelations.com/Im-Ju/Iron-Mining-and-Metallurgy.html "Fluorine Compounds, Inorganic (Aluminum)," Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia, 11:273 Raymond,Out of the Fiery Furnace (1984) Scurlock, Bioenergy Feedstock Characteristics, http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/papers/misc/biochar_factsheet.html

Images

Note from Editor: There are various images, mostly portraits from the time, which illustrate different aspects of the 1632 universe. In the first issue of theGrantville Gazette, I included those with the volume itself. Since that created downloading problems for some people, however, I've separated all the images and they will be maintained and expanded on their own schedule.

If you're interested, you can look at the images and my accompanying commentary at no extra cost.They are set up in the Baen Free Library. You can find them as follows: 1. Go towww.baen.com 2. Select "Free Library" from the blue menu at the top.

3. Once in the Library, select "The Authors" from the yellow menu on the left.

4. Once in "The Authors," select "Eric Flint."

5. Then select "Images from the Grantville Gazette."

Submissions To the Magazine

If anyone is interested in submitting stories or articles for future issues of theGrantville Gazette, you are welcome to do so. But you must follow a certain procedure: 1) All stories and articles must first be posted in a conference in Baen's Bar set aside for the purpose, called "1632 Slush." Donot send them to me directly, because I won't read them. It's good idea to submit a sketch of your story to the conference first, since people there will likely spot any major problems that you overlooked. That can wind up saving you a lot of wasted work.

You can get to that conference by going to Baen Books' web sitewww.baen.com . Then select "Baen's Bar." If it's your first visit, you will need to register. (That's quick and easy.) Once you're in the Bar, the three conferences devoted to the 1632 universe are "1632 Slush," "1632 Slush Comments," and "1632 Tech Manual." You should post your sketch, outline or story in "1632 Slush." Any discussion of it should take place in "1632 Slush Comments." The "1632 Tech Manual" is for any general discussion not specifically related to a specific story.

2) Your story/article will then be subjected to discussion and commentary by participants in the 1632 discussion. In essence, it will get chewed on by what amounts to a very large, virtual writers' group.

You donot need to wait until you've finished the story to start posting it in "1632 Slush." In fact, it's a good idea not to wait, because you will often find that problems can be spotted early in the game, before you've put all the work into completing the piece.

3) While this is happening, the assistant editor of theGrantville Gazette, Paula Goodlett, will be keeping an eye on the discussion. She will alert me whenever a story or article seems to be gaining general approval from the participants in the discussion. There's also an editorial board to which Paula and I belong, which does much the same thing. The other members of the board are Karen Bergstralh, Rick Boatright, and Laura Runkle. In addition, authors who publish regularly in the 1632 setting participate on the board asex officio members. My point is that plenty of people will be looking over the various stories being submitted, so you needn't worry that your story will just get lost in the shuffle.

4) At that point-andonly at that point-do I take a look at a story or article.

I insist that people follow this procedure, for two reasons: First, as I said, I'm very busy and I just don't have time to read everything submitted until I have some reason to think it's gotten past a certain preliminary screening.

Secondly, and even more importantly, the setting and "established canon" in this series is quite extensive by now. If anyone tries to write a story without first taking the time to become familiar with the setting, they will almost invariably write something which-even if it's otherwise well written-I simply can't accept.

In short, the procedure outlined above will saveyou a lot of wasted time and effort also.

One point in particular: I have gotten extremely hardnosed about the way in which people use American characters in their stories (so-called "up-timers"). That's because I began discovering that my small and realistically portrayed coal mining town of 3500 people was being willy-nilly transformed into a "town"

with a population of something like 20,000 people-half of whom were Navy SEALs who just happened to be in town at the Ring of Fire, half of whom were rocket scientists (ibid), half of whom were brain surgeons (ibid), half of whom had a personal library the size of the Library of Congress, half of whom . . .

Not to mention the F-16s which "just happened" to be flying through the area, the Army convoys (ibid), the trains full of vital industrial supplies (ibid), the FBI agents in hot pursuit of master criminals (ibid), the .

NOT A CHANCE. If you want to use an up-time character, youmust use one of the "authorized"

characters. Those are the characters created by Virginia DeMarce using genealogical software and embodied in what is called "the grid."

You can obtain a copy of the grid from the web site which collects and presents the by-now voluminous material concerning the series,www.1632.org . Look on the right for the link to "Virginia's Up-timer Grid." While you're at it, you should also look further down at the links under the title "Authors' Manual."

You will be paid for any story or factual article which is published. The rates that I can afford for the magazine at the moment fall into the category of "semi-pro." I hope to be able to raise those rates in the future to make them fall clearly within professional rates, but . . . That will obviously depend on whether the magazine starts selling enough copies to generate the needed income. In the meantime, the rates and terms which I can offer are posted below in the standard letter of agreement accepted by all the contributors to this issue.

Standard letter of agreement Below are the terms for the purchase of a story or factual article (hereafter "the work") to be included in an issue of the online magazineGrantville Gazette, edited by Eric Flint and published by Baen Books. Payment will be sent upon acceptance of the work at the following rates: 1) a rate of 2.5 cents per word for any story or article up to 15,000 words; 2) a rate of 2 cents a word for any story or article after 15,000 words but before 30,000 words; 3) a rate of 1.5 cents a word for any story or article after 30,000 words.

The rates are cumulative, not retroactive to the beginning of the story or article. (E.g., a story 40,000 words long would earn the higher rates for the first 30,000 words.) Word counts will be rounded to the nearest hundred and calculated by Word for Windows XP.

In the event a story has a payment that exceeds $200, the money will be paid in two installments: half on acceptance, and the remaining half two months after publication of the story.

You agree to sell exclusive first world rights for the story, including exclusive first electronic rights for five years following publication, and subsequent nonexclusive world rights. Should Baen Books select your story for a paper edition, you will not receive a second advance but will be paid whatever the differential might be between what you originally received and the advance for different length stories established for the paper edition. You will also be entitled to a proportionate share of any royalties earned by the authors of a paper edition. If the work is reissued in a paper edition, then the standard reversion rights as stipulated in the Baen contract would supercede the reversion rights contained here.

Eric Flint retains the rights to the 1632 universe setting, as well as the characters in it, so you will need to obtain his permission if you wish to publish the story or use the setting and characters through anyone other than Baen Books even after the rights have reverted to you. You, the author, will retain copyright and all other rights except as listed above. Baen will copyright the story on first publication.

You warrant and represent that you have the right to grant the rights above; that these rights are free and clear; that your story will not violate any copyright or any other right of a third party, nor be contrary to law. You agree to indemnify Baen for any loss, damage, or expense arising out of any claim inconsistent with any of the above warranties and representations.

THE END.

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Back Next Framed NextEbook This is a work of fiction. All the characters and events portrayed in this book are fictional, and any resemblance to real people or incidents is purely coincidental.

DOI: 1011250021.

Copyright 2006 by Eric Flint All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any First printing, June 2006 Distributed by Simon & Schuster 1230 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020 Printed in the United States of America form.

A Baen Books Original Baen publishing Enterprises P.O. Box 1403 Riverdale, NY 10471 http://www.baen.com Electronic version by WebWrights http://www.webscription.net

Assistant Editor's Preface And here we go-on time, just as promised. Grantville Gazette Volume 8 is ready for our discerning readers.

Just what is going on in Europe these days of 1632 1635 or thereabouts?

Did you ever wonder where some of the old pick-up lines came from? Iver P. Cooper gives us a possible answer for one of them in "The Painter's Gambit." Tsk, tsk. Artists and their etchings . . .

Industrial magnate Louis De Geer finally gives in to curiosity and comes to visit in Kim Mackey's "Essen Steel Chronicles, Part 2." Of course, he does have his own motives. Not that Josh and Colette don't have theirs, for that matter.

Terry Howard's cracker barrel philosopher, Jimmy Dick Shaver, is at it again in "Not a Princess Bride,"

and you do have to wonder "who was that up-timer" after you read Barry C. Swift's "Got My Buck." Virginia DeMarce shows us just how complicated things could be in "Prince and Abbot." Fulda will never be the same after that election. Anette Pedersen addresses "A Question of Faith." Has Father Johannes struggled with his conscience for long enough? That's a question only he can answer.

Richard Evans gives us a slightly darker view of things in "Capacity for Harm," but Russ Rittgers' Chad Jenkins accomplishes a parent's perfect revenge in "Three Innocuous Words."

The rest of the world isn't sleeping during all the changes that are taking place in Germany. Gorg Huff and I figure that something must be going on in Russia, so we told you about it in "Butterflies in the Kremlin," part one of a series. As well, a repressed sect of Christianity finds a new home in Jay Robison's "The Sons of St. John."

Faith in God comes in many flavors. Douglas W. Jones gives us another view of it in "Joseph Hanauer: Into the Very Pit of Hell."

Karen Bergstralh's new-made master blacksmith continues to build his business in "Rolling On," while Dr. Phil falls in love-wonder of wonders, not with himself-in Kerryn Offord's "Dr. Phil's Distraction."

And Chris Racciato proves that there's not a new con game under the sun with "Dear Sir."

Our non-fiction in this volume covers a lot of territory, as usual. From "New France in 1634 and the Fate of North America" by Michael Varhola, to the real reason air conditioning was developed in Mark Huston's "Refrigeration and the 1632 World: Opportunities and Challenges." Last, but certainly not least, considering the reception from the Barflies, Iver P. Cooper gives us the rundown on the magic metal aluminum in "Aluminum: Will 'O the Wisp."

Fire up the coffee pot, stock up on the chocolate and settle in for a nice, long read. We hope you'll enjoy our latest offerings.

Paula Goodlett June, 2006

Fiction:

Joseph Hanauer: Into the Very Pit of Hell

By Douglas W. Jones

Fifteenth of Iyyar, 5391 (May 17, 1631) The congregation for the Saturday evening service at the close of the Sabbath filled the small synagogue in Hammelberg. Several out-of-town visitors brought the number well above the minimum of ten men required for the service. It was not a congregation that placed great value on formality or decorum. Each man prayed at his own pace through many of the prayers, and at times, there were quiet conversations while slower members of the congregation caught up with the rest.

After the braided candle had been extinguished and the last words of the hymn to Elijah the Prophet had faded, the congregation began to drift apart. Several small groups remained in theschul talking quietly as others left.

"Reb Yakov," a large man said. "I enjoyed your comments on the Torah portion this afternoon. You say you're from Hanau? What brings you to Hammelberg?"

"Who are you again?" the rabbi asked, looking up.

"Yitzach ben Chiam, from Kissingen," the man said. His accent held almost no hint ofJudische Deutsch in it, less even than in the speech of the Jews of Hammelberg. If they had not been speaking in a synagogue, the rabbi and his companions would have taken him for a Christian.

"We're on our way to Poland," the rabbi said.

"Poland? It's a long way to Poland, and with the war, is this a safe route?"

"Is anything safe for a Jew in this world? The route up the Frankische Saale valley is direct enough.

Moische Frankfurter here has traveled this way to the Hanover fair twice. He knows the road and he has his father's notes from many more trips. So far, they've proven to be pretty good."

"But the war?"

"Now that King Gustav has left Poland, the war in that land is over, so Polish life is getting better. It doesn't take much to make it better than life in this war-torn land. For the moment, the war is all in the north, and without wishing ill on those living there, we hope it stays that way. Tilly and Pappenheim are tied up at Magdeburg, and that should keep King Gustav busy and out of the way. After we cross the Thuringer Wald, we'll stay well south of the armies."

The conversation continued until only the out-of-town guests remained. Yossie listened quietly; Yakov handled the questions. He and his two companions had faced similar questions a week previously, in the Jewish quarter of Aschaffenberg. That had been their first Sabbath away from home.

After a short while, the two women in the group rejoined their companions. They had spent the Sabbath day visiting with the Jewish women of the town. The synagogue served many purposes. It was a house of prayer and a school for the Jewish children of Hammelberg and it housed the community ovens. The bath house was attached and when there were out-of-town Jewish visitors it served as a makeshift inn.

"It must take a fair amount of silver to travel all the way to Poland," Yitzach said.

"That's why we're traveling with an experienced merchant," the rabbi said. "Reb Moische, why don't you explain how we can afford this trip." "If we wanted to travel quickly, like a court Jew," Moische said, "we'd hire a coach and trade horses at every town. Where the roads are good, we could make a hundred miles in a day covering the entire distance at a trot. At that speed, we could go to Poland and back in a few weeks.

"If we had expensive trade goods, silk, spices, fine pottery from Delft, we'd hire teamsters from Frammersbach to drive our freight wagons, and we might make thirty miles a day. Before this twice cursed war began, my father could afford that."

Yitzach chuckled. "Is it news that the war has ruined trade?"

"No," Moische answered, "but there are still goods that you can buy low here and sell high there. It does slow the trip to a crawl, stopping at every village to buy and sell, but if you have a horse and a cart and you know the market, well, Yossie, you can make a profit. What have you bought and sold?"

Yossie wondered why Yitzach was so curious about their business. "Not much, but I didn't start with much either."