"Mein lieber Freund mach' Platz mal hier!

"Die schonsten Muster zeige ich dir: "AlG.o.do,[88] Riscado[89] und Druckkattun--"

"'Laa.s.sen Se zu! Was soll 'ch mit dem Krempel lo tun?'"

Dau, Vadder! raunt Mutter, loss 's Hannele sein!

Der Schrauber seift dich e sunst jammerlich ein.

"'Halt dei Mund un scher' dich rein in dei Kich,'

"'De Schrauber kenn' un seine Schlich!'"

"Willst, lieber Freund, du das Neueste sehn?

"Hier hochfeine Ponchos[90] und Kasemir schon, "Korsetts und bunte Strumpf zum Prasent-- "Bei Bahrzahlung zehn Prozent Abatiment"[91]

Dau, Vadder! raunt Mutter, loss ja dich nit schnappe, Du hast noch genug an de Meier ze berappe!

"Still!" murmelte Herr Michel, "un schwatze mer nit!

"So'n Mann als wie eich, der hat je Kredit."

Der Michel kauft und Herr Schrauber notiert, Drei Monate drauf hat der Michel falliert.

Der Schrauber hort es: "Sie fa.s.sen ihn an!

Sie gehen ihm an seine Venda[92] heran!"

Herrn Schrauber grausset's, er steigt auf die Mule,[93]

Ihm ist's um zehn Contos[94] am Herzen so schwule, Er tat im Galoppe "zer Venda reite,"

Er kam, sagt _bom dia!_[95]--Der Michel war pleite!"

THE SPOKEN LANGUAGE.

The dialect under discussion, as spoken in the "pikaden" is practically incomprehensible to the German-speaking person traveling in Brazil for the first time. To the uninitiated it is even harder to understand than the German dialects of North America. The latter developed under the influence of a related language, as has been stated, while the former came into being because of linguistic influences entirely foreign.

In order to give an idea of the spoken Brazilian German the following "Sprachprobe" by Breitenbach[96] is reproduced. While of somewhat peculiar composition, the example below quoted is a good representation of spoken Brazilian German.

Ein Kolonist fahrt in seinem mit einer Tolde[97] versehenen Wagen aus, der mit einem Tupiano[98] und einem Zebruno[99] bespannt ist, welche er von einem Tropeiro[100] von der Serra[101] gekauft hat.

Er will seinen Compadre[102] besuchen, findet die Porteira[103] zur Pikade[104] verschlossen, offnet sie und erfahrt von der ihm entgegenkommenden Frau seines Compadre, der Mann sei in die Rosse[105] gegangen, um einige Miljekolben[106] fur die Mule[107]

und einige Bobres[108] fur die Schweine zu holen, welche im Poteiro[109] seien. Wenn er den Compadre aufsuchen wolle, so wurde er ihn leicht finden, jenseits der Sange,[110] die aber steile Barankas[111] habe, so da.s.s man beim Ueberschreiten derselben vorsichtig sein musse. Da unser Freund seinen Compadre in der Rosse nicht findet, so geht er in den nahen Wald, aus dem Hundgebell ihm entgegen schallt. Mit seinem Fakong[112] schlagt er einige Taquaras[113] und Zipos[114] nieder, um sich den Weg zu bahnen.

Bald trifft er denn auch seinen Compadre, der soeben ein Tatu[115]

ausgegraben und mit seinem Fuchs[116] erschlagen hat. Nach den ublichen Begrussungen begeben sich beide ins Haus und beschliessen, sich am Nachmittag die Carreira[117] anzusehen. Gleichzeitig will der Compadre einige Sacke Farin[118] mitnehmen, um sie dem Vendisten[119] zu verkaufen. Zu diesem Behuf muss eine Mule eingefangen werden was aber nicht ganz leicht ist. Die Mule ist namlich sehr storrisch und muss gepusst[120] und getockt[121]

wereden. Beim Hause angelangt, wird dem Tiere die Cangalje[122]

aufgelegt und die Ladung befestigt. Dann geht's fort.

INTRODUCTION TO THE GLOSSARY OF BRAZILIAN GERMAN TERMS.

For reasons previously stated, the language or dialect of the German settlers in Brazil underwent an almost immediate change, not in its syntax, but in its vocabulary. Had the immigrants and their descendants only adopted such words as had no equivalent in their mother-tongue, our case would be much simpler. They went, however, much further, and, as a result even many of the commonest words dealing with the household or farm were replaced at an early date by Brazilian Portuguese terms, or by new formations based on them.

In the following representation of Brazilian German words and phrases an attempt has been made to select only such as have been adopted by German-speaking citizens in all parts of the country in question. In the few cases where words or phrases noted seem characteristic of any particular section of Brazil that fact is indicated. The glossary, moreover, makes no claim to completeness.

The sources[123] of the expressions listed are Brazilian German newspapers, books, almanacs, pamphlets, advertis.e.m.e.nts, "Festschriften,"

etc.,[124] as well as conversation with colonists. In the latter instance only such terms as were repeatedly used to the exclusion of the corresponding German terms were noted.[125]

In the glossary is given first the Brazilian German term (in certain cases with variations), followed, by way of comparison as well as definition, by the corresponding High German form. If the Brazilian Portuguese[126] equivalent differs in form or gender it is given in parentheses. If no such parenthetical form appears it signifies that both languages are in the particular instance identical.[127] The German element in mixed compounds being self-evident, such words are treated as the simple Brazilian German forms.

Gender is indicated except in the case of masculine nouns ending in _'-o'_ and feminines ending in _'-a.'_

Terms dealing with weights, measures and coinage have not been noted except in cases where the Brazilian German form shows a modification of the original and in instances where the terms refer to units no longer current.[128]

Special abbreviations:

R. = Rio de Janeiro.

R.G. = Rio Grande do Sul.

GLOSSARY.

=A.=

_Brazilian German._ _High German._

abacaxi _m._ ................. Ananas.

abatiment _m._ (abatimento) .. Preiserma.s.sigung, abobora _or_ abobra .......... Kurbis.

abobora-mus _n._ ............. Kurbis-mus.

agrio ....................... Brunnenkresse. R.

aipim _m._ (aipim, aipii _m._) ...................... Maniok (susser).

aldeamento _m._ .............. Indianersiedlung. R.G.

aldeia (aldeia _or_ aldea) ... Dorf, Weiler.

alfandega .................... Zollamt, Steueramt.

alG.o.do ...................... Baumwolle.

amolieren (amolar) ........... schleifen, scharfen.

aranha ....................... Gig (_vehicle_).

araruta ...................... Pfeilwurz.

armazem _m._ ................. Kaufladen.

arroba, arrobe _f._(arroba) .. 14.689 Kg. (_Weight._) arroio ....................... Bach.

ate a volta .................. bis zur Ruckkehr!

ateloge _n._ ................. Aufwiedersehen.

(_From_ ate logo. _Not used as noun in Portuguese._) ate logo ..................... auf Wiedersehen!

=B.=

_Brazilian German._ _High German._

baio ......................... Pferd (castanienbraunes).

bakeljau _m._ (bacalho) ..... Stockfisch, Kabeljau.

balse _f._ ................... Fabre, Floss.

banhado ...................... Sumpf.

baradi _m.V._ cachaca ........

baranca ...................... Boschung, Uferboschung.