1869 P. tamrac Murray in Gard. Chron. 191, ff. 1-9.

1898 P. tenuis Lemmon in Erythea, vi. 77.

Spring-shoots multinodal. Leaves binate, from 3 to 5 cm. long; resin-ducts medial, hypoderm biform. Conelets long-mucronate. Cones from 2 to 5 cm. long, sessile, ovate-conic, symmetrical or very oblique, persistent, serotinous; apophyses l.u.s.trous tawny-yellow, flat or protuberant, on oblique cones abruptly larger on the posterior face; the umbo armed with a slender fragile p.r.i.c.kle.

It grows from the valley of the Yukon, near the Alaskan boundary, along the Pacific coast to Mendocino county, California. It covers the plains and slopes of British Columbia and follows the Rocky Mountains into western Colorado, with an outlying station on the Black Hills of South Dakota. It grows on the Sierras and mountains of southern California and in northern Lower California. On the seash.o.r.e this Pine is of low dense growth, but inland it is a slender tree with a long tapering stem. It is easily recognized by its very short leaves and very small cone.

Plate x.x.xV.

Fig. 305, Cones. Fig. 306, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section.

[Ill.u.s.tration: PLATE x.x.xV. P. BANKSIANA (301-304), CONTORTA (305, 306)]

59. PINUS GREGGII

1868 P. Greggii Engelmann ex Parlatore in DC. Prodr. xvi-2, 396.

Spring-shoots uninodal and multinodal, pruinose. Bark-formation late, the branches and upper trunk smooth. Leaves ternate, from 7 to 10 cm.

long, erect; resin-ducts medial, hypoderm of uniform thin-walled cells.

Conelets mucronate. Cones from 6 to 12 cm. long, ovate-conic, oblique, serotinous, reflexed; apophyses l.u.s.trous tawny yellow, convex, the posterior gradually larger and more prominent than the anterior scales, the umbo flat or depressed, the mucro deciduous.

This species is known, at present, from specimens collected in the vicinity of the city of Saltillo, in northeastern Mexico. Were it not for the difference of bark it might be considered to be a northern variety of P. patula with shorter erect leaves. With both species the long peduncle of the conelet becomes overgrown by the basal scales of the ripe cone, which appears to be sessile. With both, the cones are in crowded nodal cl.u.s.ters, reflexed against the branch. They are so much alike that earlier descriptions of P. patula included the smooth gray bark of P. Greggii. The first correct description of the scaly red bark of P. patula appeared in the second edition of Veitch's Manual of Conifers.

Plate x.x.xVI.

Fig. 311, Cone. Fig. 312, Conelet. Fig. 313, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section. Fig. 314, Branch showing erect leaves.

60. PINUS PATULA

1831 P. patula Schlechtendal & Chamisso in Linnaea, vi. 354.

Spring-shoots multinodal, more or less pruinose. Bark-formation early, the scales deciduous, the upper trunk and branches red. Leaves prevalently ternate but sometimes in fascicles of 4 or 5, from 15 to 30 cm. long, slender and gracefully drooping; resin-ducts medial or with an occasional internal duct, hypoderm weak, of uniform thin-walled cells.

Conelets mucronate. Cones from 6 to 11 cm. long, in crowded verticillate cl.u.s.ters, sessile, reflexed, ovate-conic, oblique, persistent and serotinous; apophyses l.u.s.trous nut-brown, more or less tumid, the posterior gradually larger than the anterior scales, the umbo flat or depressed, the mucro wanting.

Patula grows in the warm-temperate climates of Hidalgo, Puebla and Vera Cruz, in eastern and central Mexico. It can be at once recognized by its slender drooping foliage, its persistent cones, and its red upper trunk. It is cultivated in northern Italy and in the warmer parts of Great Britain.

Plate x.x.xVI.

Fig. 307, Cone. Fig. 308, Conelet. Fig. 309, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section. Fig. 310, Branchlet with drooping leaves.

[Ill.u.s.tration: PLATE x.x.xVI. P. PATULA (307-310), GREGGII (311-314)]

61. PINUS MURICATA

1837 P. muricata D. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii. 441.

1848 P. Edgariana Hartweg in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. iii. 217.

Spring-shoots multinodal. Leaves binate, from 10 to 15 cm. long; resin-ducts medial, hypoderm biform. Scales of the conelet prolonged into a triangular spine. Cones from 5 to 9 cm. long, in verticillate cl.u.s.ters, sessile, reflexed, ovate-conic, oblique, serotinous; apophyses l.u.s.trous nut-brown, abruptly much larger on the posterior face of the cone, each armed with a formidable spine varying in size with the varying size of the apophysis.

This species grows on the coast of California, in scattered stations between Mendocino and San Luis Obispo Counties, and on the northwest coast of Lower California and on Cedros Island. It is recognized by its oblique cones, conspicuously spinose, indefinitely persistent and very serotinous. The unequal development of its cone-scales distinguishes the cone from the more symmetrically developed cone of P. pungens. Fruiting trees of P. muricata may be seen in the Royal Gardens at Kew.

Plate x.x.xVII.

Fig. 315, Cone. Fig. 316, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section.

62. PINUS ATTENUATA

1847 P. californica Hartweg in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. ii. 189, (not? P. CALIFORNIANA, Loiseleur).

1849 P. tuberculata Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. iv. 218, f. (not D. Don).

1892 P. attenuata Lemmon in Mining & Sci. Press, lxiv. 45.

Spring-shoots multinodal. Bark-formation late, the branches and upper trunk smooth. Leaves ternate, from 8 to 16 cm. long; resin-ducts medial or with one or more internal ducts, hypoderm biform. Scales of the conelet prolonged into a triangular spine. Cones from 8 to 16 cm. long, in verticillate cl.u.s.ters, sessile, reflexed, long-ovate, oblique, persistent and remarkably serotinous; apophyses l.u.s.trous tawny yellow, abruptly larger and more prominent on the posterior face of the cone, where they are usually prolonged into acute pyramids with a small incurved spine.

A tree of slender habit and gray-green foliage, the trunk studded with persistent nodal cone-cl.u.s.ters; growing on dry mountain slopes, from southwestern Oregon over the foot-hills of the northern mountains of California and its coastal ranges as far as the southern slopes of the San Bernardino Mountains. It attains its best development in the northern part of its range, but is never a tree of importance. The serotinous habit is more p.r.o.nounced in this than in any other species.

It is distinct from P. radiata, its nearest relative, by the color of the cone, by its smooth upper trunk and by its much smaller size.

The possibility of identifying P. californiana Loiseleur (Nouv. Duham.

v. 293), through a cone said to have been sent to the Museum at Paris, may cause this name to be applied, by reason of its early date (1812), to some existing species. Don's radiata and tuberculata, although considered to be the same species, were nevertheless founded on different forms of the cone. Under a very narrow conception of specific limits tuberculata Don might therefore acquire specific rank.

These considerations seem to make it advisable to abandon for this species the names californica Hartw. and tuberculata Gord. for the later name attenuata.

Plate x.x.xVII.

Fig. 317, Cone. Fig. 318, Magnified leaf-section.

63. PINUS RADIATA

1837 P. radiata D. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii. 442.

1837 P. tuberculata D. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii. 442.

1838 P. insignis Douglas ex Loudon, Arb. Brit. iv. 2265, f. 2171.

1841 P. Sinclairii Hooker & Arnott in Bot. Beechy Voy. 392, t. 93 (as to leaves).

Spring-shoots multinodal. Bark formation early, the branches and upper trunk rough. Leaves ternate or binate, from 10 to 15 cm. long; resin-ducts medial or with an occasional internal duct, hypoderm biform.

Conelets mucronate, the mucro small and dorsal. Cones from 7 to 14 cm.

long, in verticillate cl.u.s.ters, sessile, reflexed, ovate or oblong, oblique, serotinous; apophyses nut-brown, l.u.s.trous, tumid in various degrees, the posterior scales abruptly larger and very prominent, the umbo bearing the minute p.r.i.c.kle or its remnant.

A tall tree with rich green foliage, growing on a strip of coast south of San Francisco, particularly in Monterey County. It grows also on the islands forming the Santa Barbara Channel and on the Island of Guadeloupe, Lower California. It is remarkably successful in the warmer climates of Europe and of Australasia. The species is distinct in its peculiar cone with rounded apophyses.

Plate x.x.xVII.

Figs. 319, 320, Cones. Fig. 321, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section. Fig. 322, Leaf-section from a binate fascicle. Fig.

323, Magnified dermal tissues of the leaf.

[Ill.u.s.tration: PLATE x.x.xVII. P. MURICATA (315, 316), ATTENUATA (317, 318), RADIATA (319-323)]