Flynn William J. Flynn, William J. Flynn, The Barrel Mystery The Barrel Mystery. New York: James A. McCann, 1919.

Gentileinterviews Translations of interviews with Nicola Gentile conducted by Felice Chilanti, 1963, in the Gentile file formerly maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Translations of interviews with Nicola Gentile conducted by Felice Chilanti, 1963, in the Gentile file formerly maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

MS.

Miscellany Section, part of Miscellany Section, part of The Washington Post The Washington Post.

NARA.

National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland. National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland.

NARA-NE.

National Archives and Records Administration, Northeast Region, New York City. National Archives and Records Administration, Northeast Region, New York City.

NARA-SE.

National Archives and Records Administration, Southeast Region, Morrow, Georgia. National Archives and Records Administration, Southeast Region, Morrow, Georgia.

NYMA.

New York Munic.i.p.al Archives, New York. New York Munic.i.p.al Archives, New York.

NYSA.

New York State Archives, Albany. New York State Archives, Albany.

Sealy transcripts Trial Transcripts of the County of New York 1883-1927, in the Trial Transcripts of the County of New York 1883-1927, in the Lloyd Sealy Library, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York. The trials referred to are: Lloyd Sealy Library, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York. The trials referred to are:

Impoluzzo People v. Antonio Impuluzzo People v. Antonio Impuluzzo, January 4, 1916, trial 3240, reel 400 Giordano People v. Antonio Giordano People v. Antonio Giordano, March 31, 1919, trial 2597, reel 323 Antonio Morello People v. Antonio Morello People v. Antonio Morello, January 19, 1893, trial 33, reel 9 Terranova People v. Ciro Terranova People v. Ciro Terranova, June 3, 1918, trial 2472, reel 311

SM.

Sunday Magazine Sunday Magazine, a supplement of most weekend newspapers of the day.

Terranovafiles New York district attorney's papers concerning Ciro and Vincenzo Terranova's trial for the murders of Charles Lombardi and Joe DiMarco. Files 118362 and 23838, District Attorney's Closed Case Files 1895-1966, NYMA. New York district attorney's papers concerning Ciro and Vincenzo Terranova's trial for the murders of Charles Lombardi and Joe DiMarco. Files 118362 and 23838, District Attorney's Closed Case Files 1895-1966, NYMA.

Trialtranscripts Transcripts of trials before the Court of General Sessions of the Peace for New York County, held among the Records and Briefs of the New York Court of Appeal at the NYSA. The trials referred to are: Transcripts of trials before the Court of General Sessions of the Peace for New York County, held among the Records and Briefs of the New York Court of Appeal at the NYSA. The trials referred to are:

Florio John A. Philbrick & Brother v. Ignatz Florio John A. Philbrick & Brother v. Ignatz Florio Go-Operative a.s.sociation Among Corleonesi Go-Operative a.s.sociation Among Corleonesi, 122 N.Y.S. 341 (1910) Giordano People v. Angelo Giordano People v. Angelo Giordano, 231 N.Y. 633 (1921), in volume 96 of 1921 Marano People v. Pellegrino Marano People v. Pellegrino Marano, 232 N.Y. 569 (1922), in volume 152 of 1921 Paretti (1922) People v. Aniellio Paretti People v. Aniellio Paretti, 234 N.Y. 98 (1922), in volume 149 of 1922 Paretti (1926) People v. Antonio Paretti People v. Antonio Paretti, 244 N.Y. 527 (1926), in volume 166 of 1926 Vollero People v. Alessandro Vollero People v. Alessandro Vollero, 226 N.Y. 587 (1919), in volumes 75 and 76 of 1919

A Note on Citation In order to keep the length of these notes within reasonable bounds, I have reduced discussion to a minimum. Where lists of several a.s.sociated newspaper articles appear, I have cited the year only once, at the end of the list, and I have referred to books consulted only in the short form.

CHAPTER 1: The Barrel Mystery The Barrel Mystery.

3. Benedetto Madonia sat eating: Benedetto Madonia sat eating: Madonia murder details are from Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 108, reel 109, April 17, 1903 (physical description); pa.s.senger list for SS Madonia murder details are from Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 108, reel 109, April 17, 1903 (physical description); pa.s.senger list for SS Neustria Neustria, January 9, 1901, "Pa.s.senger and crew lists of vessels arriving at New York, 1897-1957," T715/168, RG85, NARA (immigration date); Evening Journal Evening Journal, April 14, pp. 1, 2, April 15, p. 3, April 16, p. 3, April 24, p. 3, and World World, April 15, p. 1, and New York Times New York Times, April 15, p. 2 (last meal, murder, weapons, locations, autopsy); Evening Journal Evening Journal, April 18, p. 3 (position of body in barrel); Herald Herald, April 17, pp. 3-4, and Evening Journal Evening Journal, April 21, pp. 1-2 (reconstruction of murder); Herald Herald, April 22, 1903, p. 4 (soft hands); Flynn, pp. 6 (reconstruction of murder), 25 (restaurant interior); Carey, Memoirs of a Murder Man Memoirs of a Murder Man, pp. 116-17 (Morello's restaurant); Riis, How the Other Half Lives How the Other Half Lives, pp. 41-57 (life in Little Italy).4. he required an escort: he required an escort: Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fols. 143-44, reel 109, April 21, 1903. Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fols. 143-44, reel 109, April 21, 1903.4. Tommaso Petto: Tommaso Petto: Petto's real name was Luciano Perrini, and he came from Carini in western Sicily; Petto's real name was Luciano Perrini, and he came from Carini in western Sicily; Sun Sun, May 8, 1903, p. 5, Wilkes-Barre Record Wilkes-Barre Record, October 23, 1905, p. 5; see also Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 144, reel 109, April 21, 1903.5. Giuseppe Morello: Giuseppe Morello: "Description and Information of Criminals," vol. 37 of 40 fol. 366, RG87, NARA, and autopsy report, August 16, 1930, Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, file DA4801 fol. 3, NYMA, and Bonanno, "Description and Information of Criminals," vol. 37 of 40 fol. 366, RG87, NARA, and autopsy report, August 16, 1930, Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, file DA4801 fol. 3, NYMA, and Bonanno, A Man of Honor A Man of Honor, p. 100 (physical description); Comito confession II, 55, and Herald Herald, April 17, 1903, p. 4 (intimidating presence); Herald Tribune Herald Tribune, August 16, 1930, p. 1 (nickname).6. had dragged a barrel: had dragged a barrel: Herald Herald, April 16, 1903, p. 4.6. one-horse covered wagon: one-horse covered wagon: World World, April 16, p. 1, and Evening Journal Evening Journal, April 23, p. 2, and New York Times New York Times, May 2, p. 16, and May 9, 1903, p. 6.7 Mallet & Handle's lumberyard: Mallet & Handle's lumberyard: Flynn, pp. 1-6. Flynn, pp. 1-6.7 What Connors saw: What Connors saw: Evening Journal Evening Journal, April 14, p. 2 (Connors interview); Brooklyn Daily Eagle Brooklyn Daily Eagle, April 14, p. 1 (ooze of blood); Mail and Express Mail and Express, April 14, p. 1, and Herald Herald, April 15, p. 5, and New York Times New York Times, same date, p. 2, and Commercial Advertiser Commercial Advertiser, May 1, 1903, p. 2 (circ.u.mstances of discovery).7. examining their find: examining their find: Evening Journal Evening Journal, April 14, p. 1, and April 21, p. 2; Tribune Tribune, April 15, p. 1; Herald Herald, April 17, pp. 3-4; Sun Sun, April 17, 1903, p. 2.8. Forensic science: Forensic science: Lardner and Reppetto, Lardner and Reppetto, NYPD: A City and Its Police NYPD: A City and Its Police, pp. 81-6, 221.8 It was left to Detective: It was left to Detective: New York papers for May 14 and 15 as previously cited; Carey, New York papers for May 14 and 15 as previously cited; Carey, Memoirs Memoirs, pp. 113-15; George LeBrun, It's Time to Tell It's Time to Tell, pp. 132-33. 88. a brief note, written in Italian: a brief note, written in Italian: World World, April 15, p. 14, and Sun Sun, April 15, p. 2, and Evening Journal Evening Journal, April 21, 1903, p. 3.8. Not all of Carey's colleagues: Not all of Carey's colleagues: Commercial Advertiser Commercial Advertiser, April 15, 1903, p. 1; LeBrun, It's Time to Tell It's Time to Tell, p. 135.9. the Italian sections of the city: the Italian sections of the city: Jackson, Jackson, The Encyclopedia of New York City The Encyclopedia of New York City, pp. 584-85.9 three-quarters of whom were Irish: three-quarters of whom were Irish: Levine, "Police, Parties and Policy: The Bureaucratization, Unionization, and Professionalization of the New York City Police 1870-1917," p. 43. Levine, "Police, Parties and Policy: The Bureaucratization, Unionization, and Professionalization of the New York City Police 1870-1917," p. 43.9 "Chesty George": "Chesty George": New York Times New York Times, November 7, 1908, p. 1, and Lardner and Reppetto, NYPD NYPD, p. 87 (career, nickname); Chicago Tribune Chicago Tribune, August 24, 1913, section I, pp. 3, 12 (police deficiencies).10 Sergeant Joseph Petrosino: Sergeant Joseph Petrosino: Herald Herald, March 14, 1909, p. 1, and Sun Sun, same date, p. 2, and Washington Post Washington Post, June 28, 1914, MS6, and Train, Courts Courts, Criminals, and the Camorra Criminals, and the Camorra, pp. 103-4, 106, and Lardner and Reppetto, NYPD NYPD, pp. 128-29 (description and career).10. "W&T": "W&T": World World, April 15, p. 14, and April 17, p. 3; Herald Herald, April 16, 1903, p. 4; Carey, Memoirs Memoirs, pp. 114-15.11. the city morgue: the city morgue: Commercial Advertiser Commercial Advertiser, April 18, 1903, p. 1; Flynn, p. 8; LeBrun, It's Time to Tell It's Time to Tell, pp. 132-38.12. allowed a photographer: allowed a photographer: Evening Journal Evening Journal, April 14, 1903, p. 4.12 reporters could scarcely remember: reporters could scarcely remember: New York Times New York Times, April 15, 1903, p. 2; Evening Journal Evening Journal, same date, p. 3. 1212. William Flynn was chief: William Flynn was chief: Washington Post Washington Post, April 19, 1914, SM1 (recollections of barrel case); New York Times New York Times, December 8 1912, p. 13 (profile); Flynn's Weekly Flynn's Weekly, October 4, pp. 388-400, and October 11, 1924, pp. 618-36 (life and career); Manhattan marriage certificate 13668, September 11, 1895, NYMA (family); Dailies Flynn, vol. 3 fol. 555, reel 106, May 11, 1901 (heads New York office).

12. U.S. Secret Service: U.S. Secret Service: Melanson, Melanson, The Secret Service: The Hidden History of an Enigmatic Agency The Secret Service: The Hidden History of an Enigmatic Agency, pp. 3-28.13. Counterfeiting ... enclaves: Counterfeiting ... enclaves: Annual report of the Chief of the Secret Service Division, October 18, 1912, letter 50485, Secret Service letters sent 1899-1918, Box 48 (May 19-October 28, 1911), RG 87, NARA. Annual report of the Chief of the Secret Service Division, October 18, 1912, letter 50485, Secret Service letters sent 1899-1918, Box 48 (May 19-October 28, 1911), RG 87, NARA.13. Flynn had spent the evening: Flynn had spent the evening: Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fols. 80-83, reel 109, 13 April 13, 1903; Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fols. 80-83, reel 109, 13 April 13, 1903; Washington Post Washington Post, April 19, 1914, SM1; Flynn, p. 8.14 ever since the spring of 1899: ever since the spring of 1899: Dailies Hazen, vol. 5 fols. 773-74, reel 173, March 19, 1899. Dailies Hazen, vol. 5 fols. 773-74, reel 173, March 19, 1899.14 caught in Yonkers: caught in Yonkers: Federal transcripts Giallombardo, trial transcript fols. 2-13, 27. Federal transcripts Giallombardo, trial transcript fols. 2-13, 27.14. Vito Laduca: Vito Laduca: Pittsburgh Gazette Pittsburgh Gazette, April 17, 1903, p. 1 (arrested); Herald Herald, April 16, 1903, p. 3 (disappearance); Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 175, April 25, 1903, (date of arrival).15. William Flynn had built his reputation: William Flynn had built his reputation: Flynn's Weekly Flynn's Weekly, October 4, 1924, pp. 392, 401-2.15. "La Cava is a good man": "La Cava is a good man": Dailies Flynn, vol. 8 fol. 880, reel 108, March 30, 1903. Dailies Flynn, vol. 8 fol. 880, reel 108, March 30, 1903.16. almost a dozen members: almost a dozen members: Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fols. 1-92, reel 109, April 1-14, 1903. Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fols. 1-92, reel 109, April 1-14, 1903.16 Flynn switched his attention to the stranger: Flynn switched his attention to the stranger: Ibid., fols. 93-96, 99, reel 109, April 15, 1903; Ibid., fols. 93-96, 99, reel 109, April 15, 1903; New York Times New York Times, April 15, 1903, p. 1 (weather); Washington Post Washington Post, April 19, 1914, SM1 (scene at Laduca's).17. The evening papers: The evening papers: Evening World, Mail and Express Evening World, Mail and Express, and Brooklyn Daily Eagle Brooklyn Daily Eagle, all April 14, 1903, p. 1; Evening Journal Evening Journal, same date, pp. 1, 4.18. Get down to the morgue: Get down to the morgue: Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fols. 93-6, reel 109, April 15, 1903 (orders agents to morgue); Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fols. 93-6, reel 109, April 15, 1903 (orders agents to morgue); Washington Post Washington Post, April 19, 1914, SM1 (sees photograph, cigar, suit color, experiment).19. the Cafe Pasticcerea: the Cafe Pasticcerea: Washington Post Washington Post, August 2, 1914, MS6 (Petrosino's notes); Sun Sun, April 16, p. 1, and Mail and Express Mail and Express, same date, p. 1 (cafe described); Herald Herald, April 17, 1903, pp. 3-4 (Inzerillo's age); Carey, Memoirs Memoirs, p. 117 (barrels sold).20. a briefing on the Morello gang: a briefing on the Morello gang: Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fols. 99-104, reel 109, April 16, 1903 (meeting, attendees); Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fols. 99-104, reel 109, April 16, 1903 (meeting, attendees); Chicago Tribune Chicago Tribune, August 24, 1913, section I, p. 13 (police tactics).23. The two Sicilians had no chance: The two Sicilians had no chance: Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fols. 100-3, reel 109, April 16, 1903 (events); Federal Transcripts Morello fol. 200 (Agent Henry); Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fols. 100-3, reel 109, April 16, 1903 (events); Federal Transcripts Morello fol. 200 (Agent Henry); Herald Herald, April 16, pp. 1, 4, and Tribune Tribune, same date, p. 1 (police operation); Herald Herald, April 17, p. 4 (under guard); Sun Sun, April 16, 1903, p. 2 (Petto punched, McClusky jubilant, Flynn bored).24. It was obvious: It was obvious: Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 106, reel 109, April 17, 1903; Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 106, reel 109, April 17, 1903; Sun Sun, April 16, 1903, p. 2 (correspondence, interrogation); Tribune Tribune, same date, p. 1 (collar); Washington Post Washington Post, April 19, 1914, SM1 (at the morgue; "redoubled their efforts"); Carey, Memoirs Memoirs, p. 17 (sawdust sample).25. an anonymous letter: an anonymous letter: Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 142-43, reel 109, April 21, 1903. Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 142-43, reel 109, April 21, 1903.25 no one in Little Italy: no one in Little Italy: Commercial Advertiser Commercial Advertiser, April 18, 1903, p. 1.25 the name Giuseppe Di Priemo: the name Giuseppe Di Priemo: Pa.s.senger list for the SS Pa.s.senger list for the SS Marco Minghetti Marco Minghetti, May 25, 1901, "Pa.s.senger and crew lists of vessels arriving at New York, 1897-1957," T715/199, RG85, NARA (immigration date); inmate admission register for federal prisoners, Sing Sing correctional facility, 1896-1908, vol. 1 fol. 172, March 17, 1903, B0148-80, NYSA (description, sentence).25. locked up in Sing Sing: locked up in Sing Sing: Gilfoyle, Gilfoyle, A Pickpocket's Tale A Pickpocket's Tale, pp. 42-58, 74; Dash, Satan's Circus Satan's Circus, pp. 284-89.26. decided to send Petrosino: decided to send Petrosino: Commercial Advertiser Commercial Advertiser, April 20, p. 1 (arrival time); World World, April 21, p. 4 (McClusky sends Petrosino); Sun Sun, April 21, p. 1, New York Times New York Times, same date, p. 1, Evening Journal Evening Journal, April 20, pp. 1-3, April 21, pp. 2-3, and Herald Herald, April 21, 1903, pp. 1-2, Flynn, pp. 13-14 (details of interview).27. a photograph of the barrel victim: a photograph of the barrel victim: World World, April 16, 1903, p. 1.28. By the time Petrosino got to Buffalo: By the time Petrosino got to Buffalo: Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 142-43, reel 109, April 21 (red ink); Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 142-43, reel 109, April 21 (red ink); Evening Journal Evening Journal, April 20, pp. 1-2, and April 21, 1903, pp. 2-3 (at Madonia's house); Carey, Memoirs Memoirs, p. 116 (interview with Mrs. Madonia).29. had raised a thousand dollars: had raised a thousand dollars: Evening Journal Evening Journal, April 21, 1903, p. 2.30. "a great society": "a great society": Herald Herald, April 21, 1903, p. 2.

CHAPTER 2. Men of Respect Men of Respect.

32. the history of Sicily: the history of Sicily: Fentress, Rebels and Mafiosi Fentress, Rebels and Mafiosi, pp. 18-19 (kings' visits, pile of grain); Servadio, Mafioso Mafioso, pp. 3, 9-17 (absentee landlords, conditions); Nelli, The Business of Crime The Business of Crime, pp. 5-6 (landlords, population, natural disasters); Hess, Mafia and Mafiosi Mafia and Mafiosi, pp. 27-29 (alien police).33. It would be misleading: It would be misleading: d.i.c.kie, d.i.c.kie, Cosa Nostra Cosa Nostra, p. 27; Nelli, The Business of Crime The Business of Crime, p. 9.34. the the mala vita: mala vita: Fentress, Rebels Fentress, Rebels, pp. 153, 174; Hess, Mafia Mafia, p. 25 (murder rates for 1893 by Italian province); d.i.c.kie, Cosa Nostra Cosa Nostra, pp. 50-53 (monopoly on violence).35. the emergence of the Mafia: the emergence of the Mafia: Servadio, Servadio, Mafioso Mafioso, pp. 9, 17 (prerequisites); Cutrera, La Mafia e i Mafiosi Cutrera, La Mafia e i Mafiosi, p. 57 (before 1850?); Fentress, Rebels Rebels, pp. 2, 22-25, 41-43, 136, 149, 169, 213 (oath swearing and secret societies, networks of power, priests, rebels); Schneider, "On Mafiology," pp. 145-49, and Catanzaro, Men of Respect Men of Respect, p. 3 (central leadership?); Ianni, A Family Business A Family Business, pp. 34-36 (facts in dispute); Hess, Mafia Mafia, p. 29 (banditry, castration).36. In some tellings of the story: In some tellings of the story: Servadio, Servadio, Mafioso Mafioso, p. 18; Catanzaro, Men of Respect Men of Respect, p. 24; Fentress, Rebels Rebels, pp. 163, 174; d.i.c.kie, Cosa Nostra Cosa Nostra, p. 122.36 a bit of slang: a bit of slang: Ianni, Ianni, A Family Business A Family Business, pp. 34-35; Catanzaro, Men of Respect Men of Respect, p. 5.36. "so-called Maffia": "so-called Maffia": d.i.c.kie, d.i.c.kie, Cosa Nostra Cosa Nostra, pp. 2 (cosche) (cosche), 60-61 (prefect's report), 122 (cagnolazzi); (cagnolazzi); Fentress, Fentress, Rebels Rebels, pp. 1, 147 ("Maffia"), 148 (organization), 175-76 (territories).37. initiation ritual: initiation ritual: Fentress, Fentress, Rebels Rebels, pp. 215-17 (police report); d.i.c.kie, Cosa Nostra Cosa Nostra, pp. 36-37 (Masons, teeth).39 "men of respect": "men of respect": Servadio, Servadio, Mafioso Mafioso, p. xiii; Ianni, A Family Business A Family Business, p. 31 (men of respect); Catanzaro, Men of Respect Men of Respect, p. 26; Bonnano, A Man of Honor Bonnano, A Man of Honor, p. 19 (men of honor).39 alliances with landowners and the church: alliances with landowners and the church: Fentress, Fentress, Rebels Rebels, p. 187; d.i.c.kie, Cosa Nostra Cosa Nostra, pp. 34, 70-71; Servadio, Mafioso Mafioso, p. 18; Catanzaro, Men of Respect Men of Respect, pp. 12-13; Nelli, The Business of Crime The Business of Crime, p. 12.39 a summary compiled in 1900: a summary compiled in 1900: Min dell'Interno, dir gen PS, aa.gg.e.rr atti speciali (1898-1940) b.1, f.1, Archivio Centrale dello Stato, Rome; d.i.c.kie, Min dell'Interno, dir gen PS, aa.gg.e.rr atti speciali (1898-1940) b.1, f.1, Archivio Centrale dello Stato, Rome; d.i.c.kie, Cosa Nostra Cosa Nostra, pp. 100-27.39. more than thirty towns: more than thirty towns: Prefect of Sicily's report to the Minister of the Interior, 1874, in Gambetta, Prefect of Sicily's report to the Minister of the Interior, 1874, in Gambetta, The Sicilian Mafia The Sicilian Mafia, p. 82.40. There were significant differences: There were significant differences: Fentress, Fentress, Rebels Rebels, pp. 16-18, 175 (agricultural towns); Catanzaro, Men of Respect Men of Respect, p. 4 (rustling and robbery); Sabetti, Village Politics and the Mafia in Sicily Village Politics and the Mafia in Sicily, p. xix (Mafia of the coast and highlands); d.i.c.kie, Cosa Nostra Cosa Nostra, pp. 26-33 (citrus groves), 128-52 (Notarbartolo and Fontana).40. the Stoppaglieri: the Stoppaglieri: Fentress, Fentress, Rebels Rebels, pp. 193-211; Ianni, A Family Business A Family Business, p. 30; Schneider, "On Mafiology," p. 14.41. in Favera: in Favera: Fentress, Fentress, Rebels Rebels, pp. 214-15; d.i.c.kie, Cosa Nostra Cosa Nostra, pp. 79-86.41. Corleone-"lionheart": Corleone-"lionheart": Donna Gabaccia, Donna Gabaccia, From Sicily to Elizabeth Street From Sicily to Elizabeth Street, pp. xvii, 11-30 (housing); Ianni, A Family Business A Family Business, pp. 35-37; d.i.c.kie, Cosa Nostra Cosa Nostra, pp. 155-56, 167 (poverty, diet, armed clergy).42. Exactly when the Mafia: Exactly when the Mafia: ASP 1885, b.85 c.50 f.133, and Hess, ASP 1885, b.85 c.50 f.133, and Hess, Mafia Mafia, pp. 52-55, 61, 116-19 (Valenza); letter to the sub prefect of Termini, May 26, 1884, ASP 1885, b.85 c.20 f.107 (Patti); verdict in the Bernardino Verro murder case (Palermo a.s.size Court 1917), copy in the Archivo di Gramsci, Palermo (Cutrera); Flynn, pp. 248-50 (Streva).43. called themselves the Fratuzzi: called themselves the Fratuzzi: Fentress, Fentress, Rebels Rebels, p. 214.44. There had been Morellos: There had been Morellos: Details of births, marriages, and deaths are all drawn from the records of the Ufficio Anagrafe, Comune of Corleone. Details of births, marriages, and deaths are all drawn from the records of the Ufficio Anagrafe, Comune of Corleone.44 his closest and most trusted allies: his closest and most trusted allies: Washington Post Washington Post, April 14, 1914, SM1.44 would describe himself as a "laborer": would describe himself as a "laborer": Pa.s.senger list for SS Pa.s.senger list for SS Alsatia Alsatia, March 8, 1893, "Pa.s.senger lists of vessels arriving at New York, 1820-1897," M237/603, RG85, NARA.44. The writer, Bernardino Verro: The writer, Bernardino Verro: d.i.c.kie, d.i.c.kie, Cosa Nostra Cosa Nostra, pp. 156-64, and Anselmo, La Terra Promessa La Terra Promessa, pp. 215-16 (background); verdict in the Bernardino Verro murder case (1917), copy in the Archivio di Gramsci, Palermo (member of the Mafia).45. He was also literate: He was also literate: Herald Herald, April 16, 1903, p. 1, New York Times 1, New York Times, same date, p. 1, and Washington Post Washington Post, February 5, 1922, p. 64.45 became involved in cattle rustling: became involved in cattle rustling: Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Men of Respect Men of Respect, p. 21; Hess, Mafia Mafia, pp. 55, 98.45. the Field Guards: the Field Guards: Report dated January 15 in ASP 1884, b.77, c.20, f.20 (mayor of Borgetto); Cutrera, Report dated January 15 in ASP 1884, b.77, c.20, f.20 (mayor of Borgetto); Cutrera, La Mafia e i Mafiosi La Mafia e i Mafiosi, p. 95 ("Frequently a Field Guard ..."); Hess, Mafia Mafia, pp. 22-25 (mixed reputation); Washington Post Washington Post, February 5, 1922, p. 64 (Vella and field guards); Blok, The Mafia of a Sicilian Village The Mafia of a Sicilian Village, p. 65, Hess, Mafia Mafia, p. 60, and Catanzaro, Men of Respect Men of Respect, p. 20 (reputation).46. Giovanni Vella was not like: Giovanni Vella was not like: James Ortelero to Superintendent, Federal Penitentiary, Atlanta, February 7 and 15, 1911, inmate file 2882, Giuseppe Morello, Atlanta Federal Penitentiary papers, Records of the Bureau of Prisons, RG 129, NARA-SE ("brave fearless man," "nearing a solution"); Flynn, pp. 244-60 (rival candidate, scene at Ortoleva's, Vella murder). James Ortelero to Superintendent, Federal Penitentiary, Atlanta, February 7 and 15, 1911, inmate file 2882, Giuseppe Morello, Atlanta Federal Penitentiary papers, Records of the Bureau of Prisons, RG 129, NARA-SE ("brave fearless man," "nearing a solution"); Flynn, pp. 244-60 (rival candidate, scene at Ortoleva's, Vella murder).47. Francesco Ortoleva: Francesco Ortoleva: Dino Paternostro, personal communication, October 25, 2007, author's files. Dino Paternostro, personal communication, October 25, 2007, author's files.48. the killing: the killing: Mattox et al., Mattox et al., Trauma Trauma (effects of gunshot wound to lung). (effects of gunshot wound to lung).50 a woman named Anna Di Puma: a woman named Anna Di Puma: Washington Post Washington Post, April 26, 1914, M5; Flynn, pp. 244-48, 256.50. Michele Zangara: Michele Zangara: Flynn, p. 245; Zangara death certificate, January 10, 1904, Ufficio Anagrafe, Corleone. Flynn, p. 245; Zangara death certificate, January 10, 1904, Ufficio Anagrafe, Corleone.51. Ortoleva finally came to trial: Ortoleva finally came to trial: Flynn, pp. 255-59. Flynn, pp. 255-59.52. Morello's new idea was counterfeiting: Morello's new idea was counterfeiting: New York Police Department criminal record, n.d. (1910), inmate file 2882, Giuseppe Morello, Atlanta Federal Penitentiary papers (conviction and sentence); Fentress, New York Police Department criminal record, n.d. (1910), inmate file 2882, Giuseppe Morello, Atlanta Federal Penitentiary papers (conviction and sentence); Fentress, Rebels Rebels, pp. 170-71, 177-78 (Siino, Giammona, Palermo ring); d.i.c.kie, Cosa Nostra Cosa Nostra, p. 164 (Verro's cafe).

CHAPTER 3. Little Italy Little Italy.

54 It was a spring day: It was a spring day: Pa.s.senger list for SS Pa.s.senger list for SS Alsatia Alsatia, March 8, 1893, "Pa.s.senger lists of vessels arriving at New York, 1820-1897," M237/603, RG85, NARA (family members, baggage, occupation, literacy); New York Times New York Times, March 7, 1893, p. 8 (weather); Ferber, A New American A New American, pp. 1-2 (sea voyage; arrival at Ellis Island in March); Bonanno, A Man of Honor A Man of Honor, p. 19 (Sicilian perceptions of New York upon arrival); Ianni, A Family Business A Family Business, p. 66 (immigrant wealth).54. Ellis Island: Ellis Island: Burrows and Wallace, Burrows and Wallace, Gotham Gotham, pp. 1111-12 (size, description); Amfitheatrof, Children of Columbus Children of Columbus, p. 160 (tests); Burns and Sanders, New York: An Ill.u.s.trated History New York: An Ill.u.s.trated History, p. 271 (12,000).55. the Clutch Hand had slipped into: the Clutch Hand had slipped into: Federal transcripts, Morello, fol. 456; prisoner's record, February 23, 1910, inmate file 2882, Giuseppe Morello, Atlanta Federal Penitentiary papers, RG 129, NARA-SE (immigration date). Federal transcripts, Morello, fol. 456; prisoner's record, February 23, 1910, inmate file 2882, Giuseppe Morello, Atlanta Federal Penitentiary papers, RG 129, NARA-SE (immigration date).55 entered the country with six dollars: entered the country with six dollars: Herald Herald, April 26, 1903, fifth section, p. 5; Amfitheatrof, Children of Columbus Children of Columbus, p. 160.55. Gotham was an unimaginable metropolis: Gotham was an unimaginable metropolis: Jackson, Jackson, The Encyclopedia of New York City The Encyclopedia of New York City, pp. 582, 1157; Dash, Satan's Circus Satan's Circus, pp. 24-29.56. The number of Italians: The number of Italians: Iorizzo, Iorizzo, Italian Immigration and the Impact of the Padrone System Italian Immigration and the Impact of the Padrone System, pp. 57 ($30 million), 58 (problems in Italy); Bevilacqua et al., Storia dell'Emigrazione Italiano Storia dell'Emigrazione Italiano, pp. 55-88 (numbers, conditions); Amfitheatrof, Children of Columbus Children of Columbus, pp. 137-38 ("At the head of everything;" a third of the population); Nelli, "The Italian Padrone System," pp. 157, 160-62 (conditions outside New York); Jackson, pp. 584-5 (immigrant numbers).57. regarded with hostility: regarded with hostility: Herald Herald, April 26, 1903, fifth section, p. 5 ("sc.u.m of Southern Europe," SS Belgravia) Belgravia).58. immune from deportation: immune from deportation: La Gumina, La Gumina, Wop! Wop!, pp. 89-90 (three-year deportation limit).58. Mulberry Bend: Mulberry Bend: Riis, Riis, How the Other Half Lives How the Other Half Lives, pp. 30, 46-58; Page, The Creative Destruction of Manhattan, 1900-1940 The Creative Destruction of Manhattan, 1900-1940, pp. 74-84.59. Conditions in the tenements: Conditions in the tenements: Iorizzo, Iorizzo, Italian Immigration Italian Immigration, pp. 59-60 (wages in Italy and New York); Nelli, "Italian Padrone System," pp. 156-67 (workings of padrone system); Burrows and Wallace, Gotham Gotham, pp. 1122-25 (tenements); Norton, "Chicago Housing Conditions," pp. 519, 528-29 (damp walls); Ianni, A Family Business A Family Business, p. 68 ("More than anything I remember ..."); Riis, How the Other Half Lives How the Other Half Lives, pp. 41-46 (rag picking); Maas, Valachi Papers Valachi Papers, pp. 40-41 (coal under beds; cement-bag sheets); Amfitheatrof, Children of Columbus Children of Columbus, p. 161 (rag picking); Orsi, The Madonna of 115th Street The Madonna of 115th Street, p. 28 (women's work).61 dimly lit sweatshops: dimly lit sweatshops: Burns and Sanders, Burns and Sanders, New York New York, pp. 276-77; Sante, Low Sante, Low61. Life Life, pp. 307-8. 61 This sort of casual work: This sort of casual work: Iorizzo, Iorizzo, Italian Immigration Italian Immigration, pp. 57, 59-60 (wages, savings, Italian banks).61. The crash of 1893: The crash of 1893: Rezneck, "Unemployment, Unrest and Relief," pp. 324-45; Steeples and Whitman, Rezneck, "Unemployment, Unrest and Relief," pp. 324-45; Steeples and Whitman, Democracy in Desperation Democracy in Desperation, pp. 142-65.62. traveled south, to Louisiana: traveled south, to Louisiana: Federal transcripts, Morello, fol. 456 (locations); Federal transcripts, Morello, fol. 456 (locations); Washington Post Washington Post, July 12, 1914, MS6 (Morello in Louisiana); Scarpaci, "Italian Immigrants in Louisiana's Sugar Parishes: Recruitment, Labor Conditions, and Community Relations, 1880-1910," pp. ii, 16-20, 32, 35, 97, 99-100, 107, 124-6, 139-31, 146 (conditions); Iorizzo, Italian Immigration Italian Immigration, p. 59 ($3). The approximate date of the family's arrival in Louisiana can be fixed by the marriage records of Plaquemines Parish, which show that Lucia Terranova married Antonio Saltaformaggio there on February 3, 1894; private information from the Saltaformaggio family.64. to an agricultural community in Texas: to an agricultural community in Texas: Federal transcripts, Morello, fols. 456-57 (location); Valentine Belfiglio, Federal transcripts, Morello, fols. 456-57 (location); Valentine Belfiglio, The Italian Experience in Texas The Italian Experience in Texas, pp. 81-88 (conditions in Brazos County, Corleone colony).65. The decision to return north: The decision to return north: Federal transcripts, Morello, fols. 456-57 (timing, malaria, business ventures); pa.s.senger list for SS Federal transcripts, Morello, fols. 456-57 (timing, malaria, business ventures); pa.s.senger list for SS Alsatia Alsatia, March 8, 1893, "Pa.s.senger lists of vessels arriving at New York, 1820-1897," M237/603, RG85, NARA; and death certificate of Calogero Morello, April 17, 1912, Manhattan 12458, NYMA (two Calogeros).65. New York's Italian neighborhoods had changed: New York's Italian neighborhoods had changed: Jackson, Jackson, Encyclopedia Encyclopedia, pp. 584-85, 605 (numbers); Iorizzo, Italian Immigration Italian Immigration, p. 57 (remittances).66. the criminals of the Italian districts: the criminals of the Italian districts: Brooklyn Daily Eagle Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 30, 1899, p. 4 (kidnapping craze); Pitkin, The Black Hand The Black Hand, pp. 31 (Giovanni Branchi), 67 (extemporized gangs), 87 (Petrosino's estimate); Jackson, Encyclopedia Encyclopedia, pp. 604-5 (total immigrants); New York Times New York Times, March 3, 1907, SM10 (1:300); Nelli, The Business of Crime The Business of Crime, pp. 85, 90 (1:250, 1:5).67. Extortion rings: Extortion rings: Gambetta, Gambetta, Sicilian Mafia Sicilian Mafia, pp. 28-33 (Sicily); Pitkin, The Black Hand The Black Hand, p. 46 (New Orleans); Landesco, Organized Crime in Chicago Organized Crime in Chicago, p. 108 (Chicago).69. "the Black Hand": "the Black Hand": Lombardo, "The Black Hand," p. 395 (representatives, negotiations); Lombardo, "The Black Hand," p. 395 (representatives, negotiations); New York Times New York Times, February 7, 1907, p. 1 (J.P. murdered), March 9, 1909, p. 1, and March 26, 1910, p. 4 (Caruso), March 3, 1907, SM10 (three hundred killings); Sacco, "Black Hand Outrage," pp. 59-63 (methodology); Landesco, Organized Crime Organized Crime, p. 108 (Black Hand letters); Pitkin, The Black Hand The Black Hand, p. 89 (no national gang); San Francisco Call San Francisco Call, October 18, 1905, p. 4 (twelve cities).

CHAPTER 4. "The Most Secret and Terrible Organization in the World" "The Most Secret and Terrible Organization in the World"

70. Tunisia, which had long been: Tunisia, which had long been: Pitkin, Pitkin, The Black Hand The Black Hand, p. 134; Flynn, pp. 83-84.71. were not sent there by their superiors: were not sent there by their superiors: Bonanno, Bonanno, A Man of Honor A Man of Honor, pp. 19-28; Ianni, Family Business Family Business, p. 66; Fentress, Rebels Fentress, Rebels, pp. 196-98.71 For all this, even the most conservative a.n.a.lysis: For all this, even the most conservative a.n.a.lysis: St. Lawrence Herald St. Lawrence Herald, May 1, 1903, p. 1 (Boston); Morello, Before Bruno Before Bruno, pp. 4 (Luzerne County, 1880s), 6, 8, 13 (Sciaccatani, DiGiovannis, counterfeiting); Fox, Blood and Power Blood and Power, p. 64 (Men of Montedoro); Cutrera, La Mafia e i Mafiosi La Mafia e i Mafiosi, pp. 25-30 (Sciaccatani); Sun Sun, September 20, 1903, p. 8; New York Times New York Times, August 17, 1921, p. 1 (Detroit); Philadelphia Inquirer Philadelphia Inquirer, December 3, 1903, p. 1 (early report of a Mafia in Philadelphia); New York Times New York Times, May 5, 1891, p. 1, Chicago Tribune Chicago Tribune, February 22, p. 1, February 23, 1901, p. 3, and Nelli, The Business of Crime The Business of Crime, pp. 125, 134-36 (Chicago); Gentile, Vita di Capomafia Vita di Capomafia, p. 33 (Pittsburgh).71. Rocco Racco: Rocco Racco: Louis Warren, Louis Warren, The Hunter's Game The Hunter's Game, pp. 21-45.72. It was a killing that took place in New Orleans: It was a killing that took place in New Orleans: Smith, Smith, The Crescent City Lynchings The Crescent City Lynchings, pp. 39-41 (rates of pay, ambush), 47 (Red Light club), 49 (murders of Sicilians), 53-65 (Provenzano trial; "soak the levee"); Hunt and Macheca, Deep Water Deep Water, pp. 86-88, 188-91, 201-5 (vendetta murders); Gambino, Vendetta Vendetta, p. 153 (ambush arrests); Nelli, The Business of Crime The Business of Crime, pp. 24-46 (Provenzano-Matranga feud and Mafia claims).74 It was the Italian authorities: It was the Italian authorities: "Relazioni di Rosario La Mantia," Ministero di Grazia e Giustizia dir gen.le aa pp, misc 1879.b.55, f.620, Archivio Centrale dello Stato, Rome; "Relazioni di Rosario La Mantia," Ministero di Grazia e Giustizia dir gen.le aa pp, misc 1879.b.55, f.620, Archivio Centrale dello Stato, Rome; Fentress, Rebels Fentress, Rebels, pp. 193-211.74.a Mafia in New Orleans: New Orleans New Orleans Daily Picayune Daily Picayune, May 16, 1891 (mutual accusations); Smith, The Crescent City Lynchings The Crescent City Lynchings, pp. 57-58 (threatening letters), 59 ("Stoppiglieri"), 102 (Provenzano), 104-5 ("They're people that work for the Matrangas ..."), 247 ("a great deal...," Vandervoort).75. "They've got the Mafia Society": "They've got the Mafia Society": New York Times New York Times, October 20, 1890, p. 1; Smith, The Crescent City Lynchings The Crescent City Lynchings, pp. 39, 103-4 (Matranga and the domino); 47-48 (Vandervoort); 237-38 (repeats Provenzano's allegations); 247-48 (no evidence at trial); Hunt and Sheldon, Deep Water Deep Water, pp. 201-02, 206, 29899 (Matranga as leader).75. information about Joseph Macheca: information about Joseph Macheca: Hunt and Sheldon, Hunt and Sheldon, Deep Water Deep Water, pp. 7, 10, 85-87.76. Hennessy himself appeared: Hennessy himself appeared: Gambino, Gambino, Vendetta Vendetta, pp. 1-5 (murder); Smith, The Crescent City Lynchings The Crescent City Lynchings, pp. xxii-xxv (day leading to the murder, the shooting), 34-35 (character and history); Baiomonte, "'Who Killa de Chief Revisited," p. 122 ("dagoes did it").77. When the chief's words reached: When the chief's words reached: Smith, Smith, The Crescent City Lynchings The Crescent City Lynchings, pp. 80-115; Gambino, Vendetta Vendetta, p. 41-95 ("We find them ...").77 Whipped up by the mayor: Whipped up by the mayor: Smith, Smith, The Crescent City Lynchings The Crescent City Lynchings, pp. 213-32 (events); Gambino, Vendetta Vendetta, pp. 78-95 ("snapping fire," "hang the dagoes," execution squad).79. an outbreak of violence: an outbreak of violence: Scarpaci, "Italian Immigrants in Louisiana's Sugar Parishes," pp. 246-49. Scarpaci, "Italian Immigrants in Louisiana's Sugar Parishes," pp. 246-49.80. Matranga, who had found: Matranga, who had found: Nelli, Nelli, The Business of Crime The Business of Crime, p. 64; Smith, The Crescent City Lynchings The Crescent City Lynchings, p. 289.80. dark rumors still swirled: dark rumors still swirled: Winona Republican Herald Winona Republican Herald, October 18, 1890, p. 1 (murder officials); Scarpaci, Italian Immigrants Italian Immigrants, p. 247 (spate of murders).81. the biggest Mafia scare of the century: the biggest Mafia scare of the century: Morning Oregonian Morning Oregonian, August 2, 1890 (Boston); Brooklyn Daily Eagle Brooklyn Daily Eagle, December 7, 1892 (Denver); Milwaukee Milwaukee Sentinel Sentinel, July 18, 1897 (Milwaukee); Ogden Standard Examiner Ogden Standard Examiner, December 7, 1898 (San Francisco); Chicago Tribune Chicago Tribune, October 29, 1888, p. 3 (Drummond, Rosso), and October 6, 1892, p. 6 (Wheeler, Lewis, and Duranto).81 Only in New York: Only in New York: New York Times New York Times, September 22, p. 5, September 30, 1857, p. 1, and March 28, 1891, p. 2 (early rumors); May 16, 1893, p. 9; Brooklyn Daily Eagle Brooklyn Daily Eagle, October 4, 1889, p. 6 (barber).81. the Secret Service: the Secret Service: Sun Sun, April 19, 1903, second section, p. 15.82. Raymond and Carmelo Farach: Raymond and Carmelo Farach: Brooklyn Daily Eagle Brooklyn Daily Eagle, February 18, 1877, p. 4 (Raymond Farach and a murderous counterfeiter), April 7, p. 4 (murder, appearance, Flaccomio under police surveillance, barber's statement), April 8, p. 2 (several wounds), 4 (partners), April 11, 1884, p. 4 (no positive identification), July 25, p. 16 (stabbed in back, left-handed, visit to Raymond Farach, "If he does ..."), and October 21, 1886, p. 6 (Carmelo involved in counterfeiting); Richmond County Standard Richmond County Standard, April 12, 1884, p. 4 (circ.u.mstances of body's discovery); private information from the Farach family (date of immigration).83. Flaccomio had spent: Flaccomio had spent: New York Times New York Times, October 22, p. 8 (bread knife, premeditated, Byrnes statement, informant, vow, Quarteraro surrenders), October 23, 1888, p. 8 (witnesses talk), March 27, 1889, p. 3 ("Mafia murder," trial, Carlo escapes, evidence); March 29, p. 2 (lack of proof), March 30, p. 8 (since 1881), April 3, p. 8 (blame prosecution witnesses); Pitkin, The Black Hand The Black Hand, pp. 26-27 (failed to convict); Lardner and Reppetto, NYPD NYPD, pp. 79-89 (Byrnes background).86 As it was, however: As it was, however: New York Tribune New York Tribune, March 15, 1891, p. 1; Pitkin, The Black Hand The Black Hand, p. 27 ("Kill each other").

CHAPTER 5. The Clutch Hand The Clutch Hand.

88. their choice of residence: their choice of residence: Federal census, 1900 (Terranova); Dailies Hazen, vol. 5 fols. 773-4, reel 173, March 19, 1899 (Morello). Federal census, 1900 (Terranova); Dailies Hazen, vol. 5 fols. 773-4, reel 173, March 19, 1899 (Morello).89. attempts to make his mark: attempts to make his mark: Federal transcripts, Morello, fol. 457. Federal transcripts, Morello, fol. 457.89 he maintained a wide correspondence: he maintained a wide correspondence: Dailies Hazen, vol. 9 fols. 127-28, reel 174, June 17, 1900; fols. 136-37, June 18, 1900; fol. 198, June 27, 1900. Dailies Hazen, vol. 9 fols. 127-28, reel 174, June 17, 1900; fols. 136-37, June 18, 1900; fol. 198, June 27, 1900.89 the first faint whiff of trouble: the first faint whiff of trouble: Dailies Hazen, vol. 5, fols. 773-74, reel 173, March 19, 1899 (Mastropole); fol. 789, March 20, 1899 (Brown's search). Dailies Hazen, vol. 5, fols. 773-74, reel 173, March 19, 1899 (Mastropole); fol. 789, March 20, 1899 (Brown's search).89. John Wilkie, the director: John Wilkie, the director: New York Times New York Times, January 29, 1911, SM3; Melanson, Secret Service Secret Service, pp. 26-27.90. Several miles uptown: Several miles uptown: Dailies Hazen, vol. 9, fol. 5, reel 174, June 1 (where notes pa.s.sed), fols. 74-83, June 9 (Gleason), fol. 92, June 11 (East 106th Street), vol. 8 fols. 879-82, May 24, vol. 9 fols. 1-8, June 1; fols. 13-14, June 2, fols. 38-39, June 7; fols. 71-84, June 9, fols. 122-25, June 15, fols. 139-40, June 20, 1900 (members of gang). Dailies Hazen, vol. 9, fol. 5, reel 174, June 1 (where notes pa.s.sed), fols. 74-83, June 9 (Gleason), fol. 92, June 11 (East 106th Street), vol. 8 fols. 879-82, May 24, vol. 9 fols. 1-8, June 1; fols. 13-14, June 2, fols. 38-39, June 7; fols. 71-84, June 9, fols. 122-25, June 15, fols. 139-40, June 20, 1900 (members of gang).91. Mollie Callahan: Mollie Callahan: Dailies Hazen, vol. 9, fol. 74, reel 174, June 10, 1900 (sees plates, murdered); Dailies Hazen, vol. 9, fol. 74, reel 174, June 10, 1900 (sees plates, murdered); Tribune Tribune, June 12, 1900, p. 14 (disappeared December 1899, police report).92. Morello had the counterfeiting operation: Morello had the counterfeiting operation: Dailies Hazen, vol. 8, reel 174, fols. 872-76, May 23 (Kelly arrested buying drawers), vol. 9, reel 174, fol. 3, June 2 (in threes or fours, North Beach, Brown talks); Dailies Hazen, vol. 8, reel 174, fols. 872-76, May 23 (Kelly arrested buying drawers), vol. 9, reel 174, fol. 3, June 2 (in threes or fours, North Beach, Brown talks); Tribune Tribune, June 12, 1900, p. 14 (total printed, side shows).93 the Secret Service did things differently: the Secret Service did things differently: Dailies Hazen, vol. 9, reel 174 fols. 2-7, June 2 (arrests, transferred, Tyrrell), fols. 13-14, June 3 (trail Thompson, drunks), fols. 50-51, June 8 (Kelly interviewed), fols. 76-80, June 10, 1900 (arrests, Morello booked). Dailies Hazen, vol. 9, reel 174 fols. 2-7, June 2 (arrests, transferred, Tyrrell), fols. 13-14, June 3 (trail Thompson, drunks), fols. 50-51, June 8 (Kelly interviewed), fols. 76-80, June 10, 1900 (arrests, Morello booked).95. brought before Judge Thomas: brought before Judge Thomas: "Description and information of criminals," fols. 348-49, 371, vol. 37 of 40, RG87, NARA (sentences, Morello goes free). "Description and information of criminals," fols. 348-49, 371, vol. 37 of 40, RG87, NARA (sentences, Morello goes free).96. were recruited from Corleone: were recruited from Corleone: Washington Post Washington Post, May 19, 1914, SM1 (approval required); Flynn, pp. 15-16 (from hometown), 211 ("All of Corleone"); d.i.c.kie, Cosa Nostra Cosa Nostra, p. 205 (Carini, Villabate, Lercara Friddi).96 thirty strong: thirty strong: Sun Sun, April 16, 1903, p. 2.96. working as a waiter: working as a waiter: Federal transcripts, Morello, fols. 459-60. Federal transcripts, Morello, fols. 459-60.97. Vito Laduca: Vito Laduca: Pittsburgh Gazette Pittsburgh Gazette, April 17, 1903, p. 1 (arrested Pittsburgh, January 17); New York Sun New York Sun, August 13, p. 1, August 14, p. 5, August 15, p. 1, August 17, p. 3, and August 18, 1904, p. 10 (alias, kidnapping); Canton Commercial Advertiser Canton Commercial Advertiser, August 16, 1904, p. 2 (naval career, Italian prison sentence, ransom); New York Times New York Times, August 19, p. 1, and August 20, 1904, p. 1 (age, ransom of only $500 paid); Sun Sun, March 29, 1905, p. 3 ("dread bulwark"); Evening World Evening World, February 22, 1908, p. 1 (wealthy in Italy).97 Others made the same journey: Others made the same journey: Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 176, reel 109, April 25, 1903. Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 176, reel 109, April 25, 1903.97. letters of recommendation: letters of recommendation: Critchley, Critchley, The Origin of Organized Crime The Origin of Organized Crime, pp. 62-63; d.i.c.kie, Cosa Nostra Cosa Nostra, p. 219; New York Times 219; New York Times, May 8, 1903, p. 7 (example letter).98. Vito Cascio Ferro: Vito Cascio Ferro: Pa.s.senger list for SS Pa.s.senger list for SS La Champagne La Champagne, September 9, 1901, "Pa.s.senger and crew lists of vessels arriving in New York 1897-1957," T715/225, RG85, NARA; Dailies Flynn, vol. 6 fols. 615, reel 108, May 7, (Morello a.s.sociated with Fraute), and fols. 763-68, May 22, 1902 (Cascio Ferro arrested with Fraute gang); "Description and information of criminals," vol. 39 of 40, fol. 370, RG 87, NARA (arrest details, description); Petacco, Joe Petrosino Joe Petrosino, p. 94 ("plate of macaroni"), 95 (proffers advice).98 Ign.a.z.io Lupo: Ign.a.z.io Lupo: Queens death certificate 524, January 13, 1947, NYMA (correct spelling of name). Queens death certificate 524, January 13, 1947, NYMA (correct spelling of name).98 Ign.a.z.io Lupo had been born in 1877: Ign.a.z.io Lupo had been born in 1877: Comito confession II, 68 (voice); federal transcripts, Morello, fols. 462-64 (youth, Palermo murder, emigration, New York businesses); Flynn, p. 28 ("business man of the two"); prisoner's criminal record (Palermo murder) and admission summary, August 5, 1936 (education, lachrymose), both inmate file 2883, Ign.a.z.io Lupo, Atlanta Federal Penitentiary papers, RG 129, NARA-SE; dailies Flynn, vol. 35 fol. 723, reel 591, June 4, 1912 (relative in Palermo Mafia); Comito confession II, 68 (voice); federal transcripts, Morello, fols. 462-64 (youth, Palermo murder, emigration, New York businesses); Flynn, p. 28 ("business man of the two"); prisoner's criminal record (Palermo murder) and admission summary, August 5, 1936 (education, lachrymose), both inmate file 2883, Ign.a.z.io Lupo, Atlanta Federal Penitentiary papers, RG 129, NARA-SE; dailies Flynn, vol. 35 fol. 723, reel 591, June 4, 1912 (relative in Palermo Mafia); New York Times New York Times, February 17, p. 4, American 4, American, February 20, 1910, p. 3 (lachrymose); Washington Post Washington Post, May 17, 1914, p. 47 (voice), February 5, 1922, p. 64 (intelligent, looks, touch like poison); Selvaggio, The Rise of the American Mafia in New York The Rise of the American Mafia in New York, pp. 51-53 (buggy, Trestelle, office, working habits); "The Mafia and the Secret Service-the Elizabeth Street Syndicate," in Frank Wilson collection, box 10, folder 370, American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming ("Field agents ...").99 a prosperous grocery shop: a prosperous grocery shop: New York Times New York Times, December 5, 1908, p. 1 (pretentious), December 31, 1911, SM5 (branches); Flynn, p. 24 (branches).100. run by a Calabrian named Giuseppe D'Agostino: run by a Calabrian named Giuseppe D'Agostino: Washington Post Washington Post, July 12, 1914, SM6.101. "Lupo was the business man": "Lupo was the business man": Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 135, reel 109, April 20, 1903 (first noticed); Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 135, reel 109, April 20, 1903 (first noticed); Herald Herald, April 16, 1903, p. 4 (inner councils); Washington Post Washington Post, February 22, 1922, SM1 ("Lupo was the business man ...").101 The wedding took place: The wedding took place: Manhattan marriage certificate 251, December 22, 1903, NYMA (details of marriage); 1910 and 1930 federal censuses (family); Salvatrice Lupo to Myrl Alexander, director, Social Service Unit, n.d. (July 1936), inmate file 2883, Ign.a.z.io Lupo, Atlanta Federal Penitentiary papers, RG 129, NARA-SE (husband's qualities). Manhattan marriage certificate 251, December 22, 1903, NYMA (details of marriage); 1910 and 1930 federal censuses (family); Salvatrice Lupo to Myrl Alexander, director, Social Service Unit, n.d. (July 1936), inmate file 2883, Ign.a.z.io Lupo, Atlanta Federal Penitentiary papers, RG 129, NARA-SE (husband's qualities).101. Morello had lived a largely solitary: Morello had lived a largely solitary: Dailies Hazen, vol. 5 fol. 789, reel 173, March 20 (neighbors do not know him), vol. 9 fol. 92, reel 174, June 11, 1900 (East Harlem); dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 6, reel 109, April 2, 1903 (Chrystie Street; sleeps in); Dailies Hazen, vol. 5 fol. 789, reel 173, March 20 (neighbors do not know him), vol. 9 fol. 92, reel 174, June 11, 1900 (East Harlem); dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 6, reel 109, April 2, 1903 (Chrystie Street; sleeps in); Herald Herald, April 16, 1903, p. 1 (squalid, live as man and wife); New York Journal New York Journal, April 22, 1903, p. 2 (elusive, move about); Flynn, pp. 177-79 (illegitimate child, "shortly before the Barrel Murder").102. time to find her son a second wife: time to find her son a second wife: Pa.s.senger list for SS Pa.s.senger list for SS Sardegna Sardegna, September 23, 1903, "Pa.s.senger and crew lists of vessels arriving at New York, 1897-1957" T715/396, RG85, NARA (literate, dowry, youngest, brother and sister, age); thirteenth census of the United States (1910) for 218 East 90th Street, Borough of Manhattan (no English, children); Washington Post Washington Post, July 12, 1914, MS6 (death of first wife); Herald Herald, April 16, 1903, pp. 3-4 (does not live with son); Flynn, p. 177 ("notion to get married," death of daughter); private information from Morello family (chosen from photographs); Lina-Morello correspondence, 1910-20, inmate file 2882, Giuseppe Morello, Atlanta Federal Penitentiary papers, RG 129, NARA-SE (pa.s.sionate, sharp temper, self-worth).102. a pair of sisters named Salemi: a pair of sisters named Salemi: Manhattan marriage certificate 249, December 27, 1903, NYMA (Vincenzo marries Lucia); Manhattan marriage certificate 249, December 27, 1903, NYMA (Vincenzo marries Lucia); New York Times New York Times, June 20, 1923, p. 4 (Vincenzo Salemi and organized crime).103. Lupo's grocery empire: Lupo's grocery empire: New York Times New York Times, March 3, SM10, and May 25, 1907, p. 18 (Costa); March 17, p. 1 (Manzella), and November 29, 1909, p. 2 (extortion schemes; extorts $4,000); New York Herald New York Herald, October 12, 1905, p. 1 (Costa).103. Veiled threats soon gave way to violence: Veiled threats soon gave way to violence: Bowen and Neil, Bowen and Neil, The United States Secret Service The United States Secret Service, pp. 37-38 (poisoning); New York Times New York Times, March 17, 1909, p. 1 (bombing, extortion).104. smuggling the counterfeits: smuggling the counterfeits: Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 349, reel 109, May 24, 1903 (quant.i.ty of notes); Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 349, reel 109, May 24, 1903 (quant.i.ty of notes); Annual Report of the Chief of the Secret Service Division Annual Report of the Chief of the Secret Service Division, 1903, p. 8, New York Times New York Times, April 3, 1910, SM6, "The Mafia and the Secret Service-the Elizabeth Street Syndicate," Frank Wilson collection, Walter Page, ed., The World's Work The World's Work, 1913, p. 35, Washington Post Washington Post, April 26, 1914, M5, and Flynn, p. 18 (smuggled from Italy).104 Flynn was aware: Flynn was aware: Sun Sun, April 16, 1903, pp. 1-2 (Flynn aware since spring 1902); dailies Flynn, vol. 8 fol. 699, reel 108, March 2, 1903 (agents collect samples); federal transcripts, Giallombardo, trial transcript fol. 11 (spelling mistakes).104. when Vito Laduca was captured: when Vito Laduca was captured: Pittsburgh Gazette Pittsburgh Gazette, April 17, p. 1, and Evening Journal Evening Journal, April 23, 1903, p. 2.105. Giuseppe Catania: Giuseppe Catania: Brooklyn Daily Eagle Brooklyn Daily Eagle, July 24, p. 1 ("bled a gallon," hogtied, family, no enemies, quarrel, multiple killers), July 25, p. 2 (address), July 26, p. 18 and July 30, 1902, p. 18 (vendetta); October 5, 1902, p. 5 (police say Mafia killing); Brooklyn Standard Union Brooklyn Standard Union, July 28, 1902, p. 2 (last seen in Manhattan); Herald Herald, July 24, 1902, p. 1 (Dead Man's Cove); dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 93, reel 109, April 15, and fol. 135, April 20, 1903 (drunkard, killed by Morello gang, last seen with Lupo); federal transcripts, Morello, 469 (Lupo admits to knowing Catania).106. caught in Yonkers: caught in Yonkers: Federal transcripts, Giallombardo, trial transcript fols. 2-13, 27 (circ.u.mstances, origins, arrival in U.S.); evidence of John Rossi (separately typed and filed with the Bill of Exceptions), fols. 1-4 (events in Rossi's shop); inmate admission register for federal prisoners, Sing Sing correctional facility, 1896-1908, vol. 1 fols. 171-73, March 17, 1903, B0148-80, NYSA (Di Priemo, Crocevera, Giallombardo personal details); pa.s.senger list for SS Federal transcripts, Giallombardo, trial transcript fols. 2-13, 27 (circ.u.mstances, origins, arrival in U.S.); evidence of John Rossi (separately typed and filed with the Bill of Exceptions), fols. 1-4 (events in Rossi's shop); inmate admission register for federal prisoners, Sing Sing correctional facility, 1896-1908, vol. 1 fols. 171-73, March 17, 1903, B0148-80, NYSA (Di Priemo, Crocevera, Giallombardo personal details); pa.s.senger list for SS Marco Minghetti Marco Minghetti, May 25, 1901, "Pa.s.senger lists of vessels arriving at New York, 1897-1902," T519/199, RG85, NARA (Di Priemo arrival, hometown); Washington Post Washington Post, April 26, 1914, M5 (circ.u.mstances, boodle carrier); Flynn's Weekly Flynn's Weekly, October 4, 1924, pp. 401-2 (butchers' grease).107. Flynn tried one last subterfuge: Flynn tried one last subterfuge: Washington Post Washington Post, April 26, 1914, M5 ("I kept Di Priemo ..."); dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fols. 149, 152, reel 109, April 22, 1903 (common knowledge).108. wrote to New York to request money: wrote to New York to request money: Evening Journal Evening Journal, April 20, pp. 1-2, April 21, p. 3, April 22, p. 1, and April 23, 1903, p. 1; Sun Sun, April 21, p. 1, and April 23, 1903, p. 1; Herald Herald, April 23, 1903, p. 6; Chicago Tribune Chicago Tribune, April 23, 1903, p. 5.

CHAPTER 6. Vengeance Vengeance.

109. "Clear the court": "Clear the court": Sun Sun, April 17, April 20, p. 1 (court cleared), and April 21, 1903, p. 1 (word arrives); Dash, Satan's Circus Satan's Circus, p. 11 (description of court).110. Morello stood flanked: Morello stood flanked: Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 107, reel 109, April 17 (Lupo arrest); Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 107, reel 109, April 17 (Lupo arrest); Sun Sun, April 20, p. 1 (Le Barbier in court); Sun Sun, April 23, p. 1, and New York Times New York Times, same date, p. 16 (Laduca knife); Commercial Advertiser Commercial Advertiser, May 1, 1903, p. 2 (Genova); dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 176, reel 109, April 25, 1903 (minor members).110 the legal fees had been met: the legal fees had been met: Evening Journal Evening Journal, April 21, 1903, p. 2 ($10,000); St. Lawrence Herald St. Lawrence Herald (Potsdam, N.Y.), May 1, 1903, p. 1 (Boston). (Potsdam, N.Y.), May 1, 1903, p. 1 (Boston).111. Barlow opened the proceedings: Barlow opened the proceedings: Sun Sun, April 20, p. 1 ("I ask...;" "I am sure ..."); dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 160, reel 109, April 23, 1903 (Morello on the stand); Herald Herald, April 21, 1903, p. 4 (same); Washington Times Washington Times, same date p. 1 (Lupo; third degree).112. proof Morello knew the barrel victim: proof Morello knew the barrel victim: Sun Sun, April 21, p. 1 (Garvan's paper); Evening Journal Evening Journal, April 22, 1903, p. 1 ("In the Mafia ...").113. had brought Salvatore Madonia: had brought Salvatore Madonia: Evening Journal Evening Journal, April 22, 1903, p. 2 (more evidence, Petrosino and Madonia, "I believe ...").114. he would not stay in New York: he would not stay in New York: Evening Journal Evening Journal, April 23, 1903, p. 2 (Illich, "If I stay here," train).114 felt that he should try to help: felt that he should try to help: Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 182, reel 109, April 26, 1903 (discovers ticket); Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 182, reel 109, April 26, 1903 (discovers ticket); New York Times New York Times, April 26, 1903, p. 2 (bail; Carey redeems ticket; bail revoked; McClusky's call; arraigned); Carey, Memoirs of a Murder Man Memoirs of a Murder Man, pp. 116-17 (p.a.w.nbrokers), 119 (Morello as king); Herald Herald, May 2, 1903, p. 5 (Inzerillo and Fanaro cracking).117 the Barrel Murder inquest: the Barrel Murder inquest: New York Times New York Times, May 2, p. 16 (difficulties, jurors' names, Zacconi, "gruesome objects"); Herald Herald, April 28, p. 5 ("made no secret"), May 2, p. 5 ("Evident misgivings"), and May 8, 1903, p. 5 ("remarkable exhibition"); Evening World Evening World, April 27, 1903, p. 1 (insufficient jurors), and January 29, 1904, p. 2 (Petto discharge); Sun Sun, January 30, 1904, p. 12 (Petto discharge); Carey, Memoirs Memoirs, p. 120 (intimidation of Inzerillo, the Madonias, Di Priemo); LeBrun, It's Time to Tell It's Time to Tell, p. 138 ("I had difficulty ..."). The outcome of the inquest is detailed in Tribune Tribune, May 9, 1903, p. 6.117. left few clues to his true character: left few clues to his true character: Private information from the Morello family (sons' names); d.i.c.kie, Private information from the Morello family (sons' names); d.i.c.kie, Cosa Nostra Cosa Nostra, p. 205 (unique structure); Comito confession II, 74 (overrules others); Washington Post Washington Post, February 5, 1922, p. 64 (Flynn on Morello).121. Salvatore Especiale: Salvatore Especiale: Brooklyn Daily Eagle Brooklyn Daily Eagle, December 14, p. 22, Brooklyn Standard Union Brooklyn Standard Union, December 13, p. 1, and December 14, p. 18 (informant; barrel case; Catania; Condon; details of shooting), San Francisco Call San Francisco Call, December 14, 1903, p. 3 ("dread penalty").122. The victim on this occasion was Tommaso Petto: The victim on this occasion was Tommaso Petto: Evening Word Evening Word, January 29, p. 2 (release); Wilkes-Barre Record Wilkes-Barre Record, October 23, p. 5 (circ.u.mstances, other arrests, wounds "large enough to admit a teacup"), and Sun Sun, October 24, p. 5 (Luciano Perrini, five bullets, revolver, Di Priemo out); inmate admission register for federal prisoners, Sing Sing correctional facility, 1896-1908, vol. 1 fol. 172, March 17, 1903, B0148-80, NYSA (parole date); Washington Post Washington Post, April 26, 1914, M5 (Flynn on release date; "act of vengeance").123. Morello as the killer, wreaking vengeance: Morello as the killer, wreaking vengeance: American American, February 23, pt. 2, p. 2, and Brooklyn Daily Eagle Brooklyn Daily Eagle, February 27, 1908, p. 3 (Laduca murder); Washington Times Washington Times, July 22, p. 6 (Zacconi killed by barrel murderers), Sun Sun, July 28, p. 2 (face blown away), and Chicago Tribune Chicago Tribune, July 29, 1909, p. 7 (Genova murder, "the police explain").124. had grown almost pathologically cautious: had grown almost pathologically cautious: Dailies Flynn, vol. 10 fol. 373, reel 109, October 27, 1903 (mail) and fol. 395, October 30, 1903 (movements). Dailies Flynn, vol. 10 fol. 373, reel 109, October 27, 1903 (mail) and fol. 395, October 30, 1903 (movements).124. 124 Flynn was extremely perturbed: Flynn was extremely perturbed: Chicago Tribune Chicago Tribune, August 24, 1913, p. 13 ("Too many policemen").124. "The detectives used to come around": "The detectives used to come around": Federal transcripts, Morello, fols. 457-58. Federal transcripts, Morello, fols. 457-58.125. Detective Sergeant Antonio Vachris: Detective Sergeant Antonio Vachris: Pitkin, Pitkin, The Black Hand The Black Hand, p. 44.125. this new Italian Squad: this new Italian Squad: New York Times New York Times, December 30, 1906, SM21 (Petrosino described; long hours; office, rogues' gallery; "almost entirely separate"), and March 14, 1909, p. 2 (numbers increased, files in head); Sun Sun, March 14, 1909, p. 2 (eight men); McAdoo, Guarding a Great City Guarding a Great City, p. 154 (created by McAdoo); Pitkin, The Black Hand The Black Hand, pp. 56-57 (members), 66 (Italian), 81-83 (Alfano, kidnapping, fingerprinting); Lardner and Reppetto, NYPD NYPD, pp. 129 (more teeth than a dentist), 131 (dates of formation and expansion).126. an especially b.l.o.o.d.y murder in the Bronx: an especially b.l.o.o.d.y murder in the Bronx: Sun Sun, March 14, 1909, p. 2.126. Enrico Alfano: Enrico Alfano: New York Times New York Times, March 12, p. 16, April 1, 1911, p. 5, and July 16, 1922, E6 (case details); Pitkin, The Black Hand The Black Hand, p. 82 (demi-G.o.d).127. Joe Petrosino: Joe Petrosino: Sun Sun, March 14, 1909, p. 2 ("short fat man," disguises).129 The family burned ten thousand: The family burned ten thousand: Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 349, reel 109, May 24, 1903. Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 349, reel 109, May 24, 1903.129. the loose ends of the Yonkers investigation: the loose ends of the Yonkers investigation: Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 204, reel 109, April 30, 1903 (Canadian case); vol. 10 fol. 123, reel 109, September 19, 1903 (watch begins again), and fol. 259, October 10, 1903 (agents' trial); Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 204, reel 109, April 30, 1903 (Canadian case); vol. 10 fol. 123, reel 109, September 19, 1903 (watch begins again), and fol. 259, October 10, 1903 (agents' trial); Annual Report of the Chief of the Secret Service Division Annual Report of the Chief of the Secret Service Division, 1903, p. 8 (mail fraud); Flynn, pp. 226-38 (Canadian case); Washington Post Washington Post, February 5, 1922, p. 64 ("enveloped in mystery ...").130. Flynn's Secret Service bureau: Flynn's Secret Service bureau: Washington Evening Star Washington Evening Star, August 24, 1889, p. 9 (Washington HQ, rogues' gallery, number of agents); dailies Hazen, vol. 9 fol. 72, reel 174, June 10, 1900 (lack of manpower); dailies Flynn, vol. 6 fol. 702, reel 108, May 16, 1902 (number of operatives in N.Y.); vol. 9 fol. 161, April 23, and fol. 430, June 4, 1903 (Brancatto); Chicago Tribune Chicago Tribune, August 24, 1913, I3 ("A detective force of a hundred"); New York Times New York Times, February 6, 1911, SM14 (wide variety of Secret Service agents); Time Time, April 1, 1929 (Richey); New York Times New York Times, March 11, 1939, p. 21 (Rubano); Flynn, p. 24 (keeps watch); Melanson, Secret Service Secret Service, p. 3 (waiting list); Johnson, Illegal Tender Illegal Tender, p. 33 (Brancatto); Dash, Satan's Circus Satan's Circus, pp. 49-52, 55-56, 62-66, 114, 376 (police corruption).132 gave Flynn a large advantage: gave Flynn a large advantage: Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 11, reel 109, April 3, 1903 (intercept post); Dailies Flynn, vol. 9 fol. 11, reel 109, April 3, 1903 (intercept post); Washington Post Washington Post, April 26, 1914, M5 (followed to New Orleans); Flynn, pp. 38-39 (hires room).

CHAPTER 7. Family Business Family Business.

134 Salvatore Marchiani: Salvatore Marchiani: Pa.s.senger list for SS Pa.s.senger list for SS Neckar Neckar, March 15, 1905, "Pa.s.senger and crew lists of vessels arriving at New York, 1897-1957." T715/544, RG85, NARA (arrival in New York); Brooklyn Daily Eagle Brooklyn Daily Eagle, February 20, p. 1 (discovery, scene of crime, mutilations), February 21, p. 1 ("desanguination," informer, Pigtown), February 23, p. 1 (Fanaro arrested), and February 27, 1908, pp. 1, 3 (police theories); Brooklyn Standard Union Brooklyn Standard Union, February 21, 1908, p. 1 (mutilations); New York American New York American, February 21, p. 4 (mutilations), and February 23, 1908, p. 2 (in U.S. three years, father's letter, Fontana, Petrosino); Herald Herald, February 21, 1908, p. 5 (Sicilian vengeance); Evening World Evening World, February 22, 1908, p. 2 (Fontana connection); Sun Sun, February 23, 1908, p. 2 (Fanaro); Kings death certificate 3956, February 20, 1908, NYMA (spelling of name; age).135 gang led by Paul Kelly: gang led by Paul Kelly: Thompson and Raymond, Thompson and Raymond, Gang Rule in New York Gang Rule in New York, p. 361 (Morello protection); Territt, Only Saps Work Only Saps Work, pp. 30-33, and Downey, Gangster City Gangster City, pp. 3-11 (career); Sante, Low Life Low Life, pp. 217, 223 (numbers, career).135 death of Meyer Weisbard: death of Meyer Weisbard: Evening Journal Evening Journal, January 16, pp. 1, 5,