He doubtless thought himself ill-used in that he lacked the wealth which was needed to accomplish his ambitions at court. But if fortune frowned upon him at Versailles, she made full compensation by granting him the opportunity to govern Canada a second time. As he advanced in years his higher qualities became more conspicuous. His vision cleared. His vanities fell away. There remained traces of the old petulance; but with graver duties his stature increased and the strong fibre of his nature was disclosed. For his foibles he had suffered much throughout his whole life. {161} But beneath the foibles lay courage and resolve. It was his reward that in the hour of trial, when upon his shoulders rested the fate of France in America, he was not found wanting.

[1] etienne da Carheil was the most active of the Jesuit missionaries in Canada during the period of Frontenac. After fifteen years among the Iroquois at Cayuga (1668-83) he returned for three years to Quebec.

He was then sent to Michilimackinac, where he remained another fifteen years. Shortly after the founding of Detroit (1701) he gave up life in the forest. Despite the great hardships which he endured, he lived to be ninety-three. None of the missionaries was more strongly opposed to the brandy trade.

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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

Of the literature on Frontenac and his period the greater part is in French. The books in English to which attention may be specially called are:

Parkman, Francis: _Count Frontenac and New France under Louis XIV_.

Le Sieur, William Dawson: _Count Frontenac_ in the 'Makers of Canada'

series.

Winsor, Justin: _Cartier to Frontenac_.

Stewart, George: 'Frontenac and his Times' in the _Narrative and Critical History of America_, edited by Justin Winsor, vol. iv.

In French the most important works are:

Lorin, Henri: _Le Comte de Frontenac_.

Myrand, Ernest: _Frontenac et ses Amis; Phips devant Quebec_.

Rochemonteix, Le Pere Camille de: _Les Jesuites et la Nouvelle France_, vol. iii.

Gosselin, L'Abbe: _La Vie de Mgr Laval_.

Sulte, B.: _Histoire des Canadiens-Francais_.

Ferland, L'Abbe: _Cours d'Histoire du Canada_.

Faillon, L'Abbe: _Histoire de la Colonie Francaise en Canada_, vol. iii.

Gagnon, Ernest: _Le Fort et le Chateau Saint-Louis_.

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Garneau, F.-X.: _Histoire du Canada_, edited by Hector Garneau.

Among the original sources for this period the following are likely to be found in any large library:

_Jugements et Deliberations du Conseil Souverain_.

_Edits et Ordonnances_.

_Relations des Jesuites._ Ed. Thwaites.

_Memoires et Doc.u.ments pour servir a l'histoire des origines francaises des pays d'outre-mer_, ed. P. Margry.

_Les Lettres de La Hontan_.

_Histoire de l'Hotel-Dieu de Quebec, par la mere Juchereau de Saint-Denis_.

THE CHRONICLES OF CANADA

THIRTY-TWO VOLUMES ILl.u.s.tRATED

Edited by GEORGE M. WRONG and H. H. LANGTON

THE CHRONICLES OF CANADA

PART I

THE FIRST EUROPEAN VISITORS

1. THE DAWN OF CANADIAN HISTORY By Stephen Leac.o.c.k.

2. THE MARINER OF ST MALO By Stephen Leac.o.c.k.

PART II

THE RISE OF NEW FRANCE

3. THE FOUNDER OF NEW FRANCE By Charles W. Colby.

4. THE JESUIT MISSIONS By Thomas Guthrie Marquis.

5. THE SEIGNEURS OF OLD CANADA By William Bennett Munro.

6. THE GREAT INTENDANT By Thomas Chapais.

7. THE FIGHTING GOVERNOR By Charles W. Colby.