-- Spectroscope invented by Kertchoff and Bunsen.

1860. "Year-Book of Photography," edited by G. Wharton Simpson, first published.

-- Improved Kinnear camera with swing front and back by Meagher.

1861. Captain Dixon's iodide emulsion process patented, April 29th.

-- M. Gaudin, of Paris, employed gelatine in his photogene, and published in _La Lumiere_ his collodio-iodide and collodio-chloride processes.

-- H. Anthony, New York, discovered that Tannin dry plates could be developed by moisture and ammonia vapour.

1862. "Alkaline Development," published by Major Russell.

-- Meagher's square bellows camera, with folding bottom board, exhibited at the International Exhibition. Noticed in Jurors' Report.

-- Parkesine, the forerunner of celluloid films, invented by Alexander Parkes, of Birmingham.

1863. Pouncy's fatty ink process; patented January 29th.

-- Toovey's photo-lithographic process; patented June 29th.

-- "Tannin Process," published by Major Russell.

-- "Popular Treatise on Photography," by D. Van Monckhoven. Translated from the French by W. H. Thornthwaite, London.

1864. Swan's improved carbon process; patented August 27th.

-- "Collodio-Bromide Emulsion," by Messrs. B. J. Sayce and W. B. Bolton; published September 9th.

-- "Collodio-Chloride Emulsion," by George Wharton Simpson; published in _The Photographic News_, October 28th.

-- Willis's aniline process; patented November 11th.

-- Obernetter's chromo-photo process; published.

-- Instantaneous dry collodion processes by Thomas Sutton, B.A. Sampson, Low, Son, and Marston, London.

1865. Paper read on "Collodio-Chloride Emulsion," by George Wharton Simpson, at the Photographic Society, March 14th.

1865. Photography, a lecture, by the Hon. J. W. Strutt, now Lord Rayleigh, delivered April 18th; and afterwards published.

-- Eburneum process; published by J. Burgess, Norwich, in _The Photographic News_, May 5th.

-- Bromide as a restrainer in the developer; published by Major Russell.

1865. Interior of Pyramids of Egypt, photographed by Professor Piazzi Smyth with the magnesium light.

-- W. H. Smith patented a gelatino-bromide or gelatino-chloride of silver process for wood blocks, &c.

1866. Magic photographs revived and popularised.

-- Woodburytype process patented by Walter Bentley Woodbury, of Manchester, July 24th.

-- Photography reviewed, in _British Quarterly Review_, by George Wharton Simpson, October 1st.

1867. M. Poitevin obtained the balance of the Duc de Luynes's prize for permanent printing.

-- Cabinet portraits introduced by F. R. Window, photographer, Baker Street, London.

1868. W. H. Harrison experimented with gelatino-bromide of silver and obtained results, though somewhat rough and unsatisfactory.

1869. John Robert Johnson's carbon process double transfer patented.

-- "Pictorial Effect in Photography," by H. P. Robinson, first edition.

London: Piper and Carter.

1870. Thomas Sutton described Gaudin's gelatino-iodide process.

-- Jabez Hughes toned collodion transfers with chloride of palladium.

-- John Robert Johnson's single transfer process for carbon printing patented.

1871. Dr. R. L. Maddox, of Southampton, published his experiments with gelatino-bromide of silver in the _British Journal of Photography_, September 8th.

1872. "emaux Photographiques" (photographic enamels), second edition, by Geymet and Alker, Paris.

1873. J. Burgess, of Peckham, advertised his gelatino-bromide of silver emulsion, but it would not keep, so had to be withdrawn.

-- Ostendo non Ostento published a gelatino-bromide of silver formula with alcohol.

-- Platinotype process patented by W. Willis, junior, June 1st.

1873. R. Kennett's gelatino-bromide of silver pellicle patented November 20th.

-- "The Ferrotypers' Guide" published by Scovill Manufacturing Company, New York.

1874. R. Kennett issued his gelatino-bromide of silver dry plates in March.

-- Gelatino-bromide of silver paper first announced by Peter Mawdsley, of Liverpool Dry Plate Company.

-- "Backgrounds by Powder Process" published by J. Werge, London.

-- Flexible supports in carbon printing patented by John Robert Sawyer, of the Autotype Company.

-- Leon Lambert's carbon printing process patented.

1875. Demonstrations in carbon printing by L. Lambert given in London and elsewhere.

-- Eder and Toth intensified collodion negatives and toned lantern slides with chloride of platinum.