[43] J. Bishop, in 'Todd's Cyclop. of Anat. and Phys.' vol. iv.

p. 1503.

[44] Bell, ibid. p. 112-114.

[45] Mr. C. J. Maynard, 'The American Naturalist,' Dec. 1869, p. 555.

[46] See my 'Journal of Researches during the Voyage of the "Beagle,"' 1845, p. 384.

[47] 'Travels through Carolina,' &c., 1791, p. 128.

[48] Owen, 'Anatomy of Vertebrates,' vol. i. 1866, p. 615.

[49] Sir Andrew Smith, 'Zoolog. of S. Africa: Reptilia,' 1849, pl. x.

[50] Dr. A. Gunther, 'Reptiles of British India,' Ray Soc.

1864, p. 304, 308.

[51] Owen, 'Anatomy of Vertebrates,' vol. i. 1866, p. 615.

[52] The celebrated botanist Schleiden incidently remarks ('Ueber den Darwinismus: Unsere Zeit,' 1869, s. 269), that Rattle-snakes use their rattles as a s.e.xual call, by which the two s.e.xes find each other. I do not know whether this suggestion rests on any direct observations. These snakes pair in the Zoological Gardens, but the keepers have never observed that they use their rattles at this season more than at any other.

[53] "Rambles in Ceylon," 'Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist.' 2nd series, vol. ix. 1852, p. 333.

[54] 'Westminster Review,' July 1st, 1867, p. 32.

[55] Mr. N. L. Austen kept these animals alive for a considerable time, see 'Land and Water,' July, 1867, p. 9.

[56] All these statements and quotations, in regard to Cophotis, Sitana and Draco, as well as the following facts in regard to Ceratophora, are Footnote: taken from Dr. Gunther's magnificent work on the 'Reptiles of British India,' Ray Soc.

1864, p. 122, 130, 135.

[57] Bell, 'History of British Reptiles,' 2nd edit. 1849, p.

40.

[58] For Proctotretus see 'Zoology of the Voyage of the "Beagle:" Reptiles,' by Mr. Bell, p. 8. For the Lizards of S.

Africa, see 'Zoology of S. Africa: Reptiles,' by Sir Andrew Smith, pl. 25 and 39. For the Indian Calotes, see 'Reptiles of British India,' by Dr. Gunther, p. 143.

[59] 'Ibis,' vol. iii. (new series) 1867, p. 414.

[60] Gould, 'Handbook to the Birds of Australia,' 1865, vol.

ii. p. 383.

[61] Quoted by Mr. Gould, 'Introduction to the Trochilidae,'

1861, p. 29.

[62] Gould, ibid. p. 52.

[63] W. Thompson, 'Nat. Hist. of Ireland: Birds,' vol. ii.

1850, p. 327.

[64] Jerdon, 'Birds of India,' 1863, vol. ii. p. 96.

[65] Macgillivray, 'Hist. Brit. Birds,' vol. iv. 1852, p.

177-181.

[66] Sir R. Schomburgk, in 'Journal of R. Geograph. Soc.' vol.

xiii. 1843, p. 31.

[67] 'Ornithological Biography,' vol. i. p. 191. For pelicans and snipes, see vol. iii. p. 381, 477.

[68] Gould, 'Handbook of Birds of Australia,' vol. i. p. 395; vol. ii. p. 383.

[69] Mr. Hewitt in the 'Poultry Book by Tegetmeier,' 1866, p.

137.

[70] Layard, 'Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist.' vol. xiv. 1854, p.

63.

[71] Jerdon, 'Birds of India,' vol. iii. p. 574.

[72] Brehm, 'Ill.u.s.t. Thierleben,' 1867, B. iv. s. 351. Some of the foregoing statements are taken from L. Lloyd, 'The Game Birds of Sweden,' &c., 1867, p. 79.

[73] Jerdon, 'Birds of India:' on Ithaginis, vol. iii. p. 523; on Galloperdix, p. 541.

[74] For the Egyptian goose, see Macgillivray, 'British Birds,'

vol. iv. p. 639. For Plectropterus, 'Livingstone's Travels,' p.

254. For Palamedea, Brehm's 'Thierleben,' B. iv. s. 740. See also on this bird Azara, 'Voyages dans l'Amerique merid.' tom.

iv. 1809, p. 179, 253.

[75] See, on our peewit, Mr. R. Carr in 'Land and Water,' Aug.

8th, 1868, p. 46. In regard to Lobivanellus, see Jerdon's 'Birds of India,' vol. iii. p. 647, and Gould's 'Handbook of Birds of Australia,' vol. ii. p. 220. For the Hoplopterus, see Mr. Allen in the 'Ibis,' vol. v. 1863, p. 156.

[76] Audubon, 'Ornith. Biography,' vol. ii. p. 492; vol. i. p.

4-13.

[77] Mr. Blyth, 'Land and Water,' 1867, p. 212.

[78] Richardson, on Tetrao umbellus, 'Fauna Bor. Amer.: Birds,'

1831, p. 343. L. Lloyd, 'Game Birds of Sweden,' 1867, p. 22, 79, on the capercailzie and black-c.o.c.k. Brehm, however, a.s.serts ('Thierleben,' &c., B. iv. s. 352) that in Germany the grey-hens do not generally attend the Balzen of the black-c.o.c.ks, but this is an exception to the common rule; possibly the hens may lie hidden in the surrounding bushes, as is known to be the case with the grey-hens in Scandinavia, and with other species in N. America.

[79] 'Ornithological Biography,' vol. ii. p. 275.

[80] Brehm, 'Thierleben,' &c., B. iv. 1867, p. 990. Audubon, 'Ornith. Biography,' vol. ii. p. 492.

[81] 'Land and Water,' July 25th, 1868, p. 14.

[82] Audubon's 'Ornitholog. Biography;' on Tetrao cupido, vol.

ii. p. 492; on the Sturnus, vol. ii. p. 219.

[83] 'Ornithological Biograph.' vol. v. p. 601.