[437] H. W. Bates, in 'Journal of Proc. Linn. Soc.' vol. vi.

1862, p. 74. Mr. Wonfor's observations are quoted in 'Popular Science Review,' 1868, p. 343.

[438] Kirby and Spence, 'Introduction to Entomology,' vol. iii.

p. 299.

[439] Robinet, 'Vers a Soie,' 1848, p. 207.

[440] 'Transact. Ent. Soc.' 3rd series, vol. v. p. 486.

[441] 'Journal of Proc. Ent. Soc.' Feb. 4th, 1867, p. lxxi.

[442] For this and other statements on the size of the s.e.xes, see Kirby and Spence, ibid. vol. iii. p. 300; on the duration of life in insects, see p. 344.

[443] 'Transact. Linnean Soc.' vol. xxvi. 1868, p. 296.

[444] 'The Malay Archipelago,' vol. ii. 1869, p. 313.

[445] 'Modern Cla.s.sification of Insects,' vol. ii. 1840, p.

526.

[446] See Mr. B. T. Lowne's very interesting work, 'On the Anatomy of the Blow-Fly, Musca vomitoria,' 1870, p. 14.

[447] Westwood, 'Modern Cla.s.s. of Insects,' vol. ii. p. 473.

[448] These particulars are taken from Westwood's 'Modern Cla.s.s. of Insects,' vol. ii. 1840, p. 422. See, also, on the Fulgoridae, Kirby and Spence, 'Introduct.' vol. ii. p. 401.

[449] 'Zeitschrift fur wissenschaft. Zoolog.' B. xvii. 1867, s.

152-158.

[450] I am indebted to Mr. Walsh for having sent me this extract from a 'Journal of the Doings of Cicada septemdecim,'

by Dr. Hartman.

[451] L. Guilding, 'Transact. Linn. Soc.' vol. xv. p. 154.

[452] Koppen, as quoted in the 'Zoological Record,' for 1867, p. 460.

[453] Gilbert White, 'Nat. Hist. of Selborne,' vol. ii. 1825, p. 262.

[454] Harris, 'Insects of New England,' 1842, p. 128.

[455] 'The Naturalist on the Amazons,' vol. i. 1863, p. 252.

Mr. Bates gives a very interesting discussion on the gradations in the musical apparatus of the three families. See also Westwood, 'Modern Cla.s.s.' vol. ii. p. 445 and 453.

[456] 'Proc. Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist.' vol. xi. April, 1868.

[457] 'Nouveau Manuel d'Anat. Comp.' (French translat.), tom.

i. 1850 p. 567.

[458] 'Zeitschrift fur wissenschaft. Zoolog.' B. xvii. 1867, s.

117.

[459] Westwood, 'Modern Cla.s.s. of Insects,' vol. i. p. 440.

[460] Westwood, 'Modern Cla.s.s. of Insects,' vol. i. p. 453.

[461] Landois, ibid. s. 121, 122.

[462] Mr. Walsh also informs me that he has noticed that the female of the _Platyphyllum concavum_, "when captured makes a feeble grating noise by shuffling her wing-covers together."

[463] Landois, ibid. s. 113.

[464] 'Insects of New England,' 1842, p. 133.

[465] Westwood, 'Modern Cla.s.sification,' vol. i. p. 462.

[466] Westwood, ibid. vol. i. p. 453.

[467] Landois, ibid. s. 115, 116, 120, 122.

[468] 'Transact. Ent. Soc.' 3rd series, vol. ii. ('Journal of Proceedings, p. 117.)

[469] Westwood, 'Modern Cla.s.s. of Insects,' vol. i. p. 427; for crickets, p. 445.

[470] Mr. Ch. Horne, in 'Proc. Ent. Soc.' May 3, 1869, p. xii.

[471] The _Oecanthus nivalis_, Harris, 'Insects of New England,' 1842, p. 124.

[472] Platyblemnus: Westwood, 'Modern. Cla.s.s.' vol. i. p. 447.

[473] B. D. Walsh, the Pseudo-neuroptera of Illinois, in 'Proc.

Ent. Soc. of Philadelphia,' 1862, p. 361.

[474] 'Modern Cla.s.s.' vol. ii. p. 37.

[475] Walsh, ibid. p. 381. I am indebted to this naturalist for the following facts on Hetaerina, Anax, and Gomphus.

[476] 'Transact. Ent. Soc' vol. i. 1836, p. lx.x.xi.

[477] See abstract in the 'Zoological Record' for 1867, p. 450.

[478] Kirby and Spence, 'Introduct. to Entomology,' vol. ii.

1818, p. 35.

[479] See an interesting article, "The Writings of Fabre," in 'Nat. Hist. Review,' April, 1862, p. 122.

[480] 'Journal of Proc. of Entomolog. Soc.' Sept. 7th, 1863, p. 169.

[481] P. Huber, 'Recherches sur les Murs des Fourmis,' 1810, p. 150, 165.