"not at all vain...": Freudenthal, p. 4.

four hundred establishments: Durant and Durant.

"She was rather frail...": Freudenthal, p. 37.

"it was a pity...": Freudenthal, p. 9.

"That nothing ought to be admitted...": Freudenthal, p. 39.

"under the age of twenty": Freudenthal, p. 4.

"one cannot decently avoid...": Freudenthal, p. 5.

"How does it appear...": Freudenthal, p. 5.

"had nothing but hatred...": Freudenthal, p. 6.

an attempt was made: Freudenthal, p. 29ff., 41.

"Whether he was mindful...": Freudenthal, p. 8.

"I am aware...": Paraphrase of Freudenthal, p. 8.

"The lords of the Mahamad...": Freudenthal, pp. 115ff.

"I enter gladly...": Freudenthal, p. 8.

"Since we have the rare good fortune...": TTP Pref.

"that odd philosopher...": Oldenburg, ii.549.

The blue-blooded physicist Christiaan Huygens: Freudenthal, p. 191.

"...all the notions whereby...": E I Ap; cf. also TTP 6.

"I know it in the same way...": L 76.

"courteous and obliging": Freudenthal, p. 60.

"his knowledge, his modesty, and his unselfishness": Freudenthal, p. 237.

3. Gottfried as the historian Lewis White Beck: Beck, pp. 196ff.

Gottfried first distinguished himself when he was three days old: For this and following citations from Leibniz's personal recollections, see Guhrauer, xii.appendix.

"I preferred books to games": Muller, pp. 6ff.

"The 'foretaste' of the history of philosophy...": A II.i.14.

"already equal to the investigation...": A VI.i.5.

"I expressed my thoughts...": Recollections in Guhrauer, ii.appendix.

"Being familiar with the whole history of philosophy...": Muller, p. 13; A I.i.8.

"A true friend desires his friend's good...": A IV.i.34.

"the very hills skipped like lambs for delight...": A VI.iii.152ff.

"I believed it unworthy...": See Fischer, p. 46.

"The human mind cannot rest...": A IV.i.179.

4. A Life of the Mind "Jew who is an impudent atheist": Nadler (1999), p. 158.

"The ma.s.ses can scarcely imagine...": E IV Ap 28.

"Those who know the true value of money...": E IV Ap 29.

"gruel made with raisins...": Freudenthal, p. 58.

"plain and common" and that "he paid...": Freudenthal, p. 61.

"which usually dintinguishes...": Freudenthal, p. 17.

"the affectation of negligence...": Freudenthal, p. 17.

"My relatives shall inherit nothing from me...": Freudenthal, p. 59.

"the Israelite achieves an admirable polish": Freudenthal, p. 191.

"it is not out of necessity...": L 44.

"in harmony with reason": E IV Ap 20.

"our philosopher was not...": Freudenthal, p. 23.

"it is part of the wise man to recreate...": E IV P45 C2 Sch.

"Things are good only insofar...": E IV Ap 5.

"late-night studies": L 9.

"love of solitude": Freudenthal, p. 16.

"never quitted his solitude...": Freudenthal, p. 16.

"his most intimate friends...": Freudenthal, p. 12.

"a great many friends...": Freudenthal, p. 57.

"filles de qualite...": Freudenthal, p. 195.

"His conversations had such...": Freudenthal, pp. 22ff.

"The free man who lives among the ignorant...": E IV P70.

"there is nothing in nature more useful...": E IV P35 C2 Sch.

"Man is a G.o.d to Man": E IV P35 C1.

he defines "honorable": E IV P37 Sch1.

"a man good to a.s.sociate with...": Freudenthal, p. 31.

"Your religion is all right...": Freudenthal, p. 61.

"As for our group...": L 8.

"Either Adam's forbidden act...": L 18.

"I gather...that you are deeply devoted": L 19.

"I hardly believe that our correspondence...": L 21.

"I hope that when you have thought the matter over...": L 27.

"a book full of studious abominations...": Freudenthal, p. 75.

"With such reluctance did I recently tear myself away...": L 1.

"I would by all means urge you...": L 7; L 11.

"entertains me with a discourse...": Oldenburg ii.549.

"a certain odd philosopher": Freudenthal, p. 190.

"Atheists are usually inordinately fond...": L 43.

5. G.o.d's Attorney "They are those who honor G.o.d...": A IV.i.535ff. On the interpretation of Leibniz's political philosophy, I am greatly indebted to Riley and have paraphrased some of his arguments, albeit in reduced form.

"conciliatory eclectic": Mercer, pp. 23ff.

"I have been astounded by a new system...": New Essays New Essays, G V.64.

"mother of all my inventions": A II.i.160.

"It seems to me, as I have told Your Excellency...": A II.i.489.

same thing as "the Empire of Reason": See PW, p. 107.

"I do not see anything that is more important...": A I.iii.273.

"There is nothing, I think,...": A II.i.172.

"I know of no one who has philosophized...": A II.i.58.

"Pardon that an unknown one...": A II.i.59.

"Bubbles are the seeds...": G IV.184ff.

the product of "proud ignorance": See Hofmann, pp. 24ff., and Loemker.

a letter he addressed to his future employer: A II.i.159ff.

so obese that he rarely moved: See Hirsch, pp. 104, 119.

"I can suggest much to others...": Letter to Placcius, September 5, 1695; cited in Guhrauer.

"is the most knowledgeable and powerful city in the universe": A I.vii.638.

"We must always adapt ourselves...": Klopp vi.188.

6. The Hero of the People "It wo'd stumble any one's belief...": James Howell, preface to Giraffi.

a portfolio of charcoal: Freudenthal, p. 56.

"a certain...Spinosa, born of Jewish parents...": Freudenthal, pp. 118ff.

"The prejudices of the theologians...": L 30.

the Koerbagh brothers: Cf. Meinsma and especially Israel (2001) for excellent detail on the Koerbagh story; also Freudenthal, pp. 119ff.

"the supreme mystery of despotism...": TTP Pr.

"the dispelling of ignorance would entail...": E I Ap.

"The more every man endeavors and is able...": E IV P20.

"To act in absolute conformity with virtue...": E IV P24.

"If he knew that [the doctrines of faith] were false...": TTP 14.

"the same be seized and suppressed...": For a.n.a.lysis of this and following quotes, see especially Israel (2001), pp. 276, 228, 284.

"the most vile and sacrilegious...": Freudenthal, p. 122.105 "would deserve to be covered...": For this and following, see Friedmann, p. 204.

"mightily in vogue among many": See Israel (2001), p. 284.