[1209] Hamilton _v._ Dillin, 21 Wall. 73, 86 (1875).

[1210] Northern P.R. Co. _v._ North Dakota, 250 U.S. 135, 149 (1919).

[1211] Home Bldg. & Loan a.s.soc. _v._ Blaisdell, 290 U.S. 398 (1934).

[1212] Northern P.R. Co. _v._ North Dakota, 250 U.S. 135, 149 (1919).

[1213] 299 U.S. 304 (1936).

[1214] Ibid. 316, 318.

[1215] 334 U.S. 742 (1948).

[1216] Ibid. 757-758.

[1217] Ibid. 755.

[1218] II Madison Journal of the Const.i.tutional Convention 82 (Hunt's ed. 1908).

[1219] Ibid. 188.

[1220] 11 Annals of Congress 11 (1801).

[1221] Works of Alexander Hamilton, VII, 746 (Hamilton's ed. 1851).

_Cf._ Bas _v._ Tingy, 4 Dall. 37 (1800).

[1222] 2 Stat. 129, 130 (1802). Emphasis supplied.

[1223] The Prize Cases, 2 Bl. 635, 668 (1863).

[1224] Ibid. 683, 688.

[1225] 12 Wall. 700 (1872).

[1226] Ibid. 702.

[1227] I Blackstone, Commentaries 263, (Wendell's ed. 1857).

[1228] II Story, Commentaries, -- 1187 (4th ed. 1873).

[1229] 25 Op. Atty. Gen. 105, 108 (1904).

[1230] 40 Op. Atty. Gen. 555 (1948).

[1231] 61 Stat. 405 (1947).

[1232] H.J. Res. 298, 80th Cong., 2d sess. (1948).

[1233] Selective Draft Law Cases, 245 U.S. 366, 380 (1918); c.o.x _v._ Wood, 247 U.S. 3 (1918).

[1234] 245 U.S. at 385.

[1235] Ibid. 386-388. The measure was upheld by a State court, Kneedler _v._ Lane, 45 Pa. 238 (1863).

[1236] Selective Draft Law Cases, 245 U.S. 366, 381, 382 (1918)

[1237] Butler _v._ Perry, 240 U.S. 328, 333 (1916).

[1238] 245 U.S. 366 (1918).

[1239] Ibid. 390.

[1240] United States _v._ Williams, 302 U.S. 46 (1937). _See also_ In re Grimley, 137 U.S. 147, 153 (1890); In re Morrissey, 137 U.S. 157 (1890).

[1241] Wissner _v._ Wissner, 338 U.S. 655, 660 (1950).

[1242] McKinley _v._ United States, 249 U.S. 397 (1919).

[1243] Dynes _v._ Hoover, 20 How. 65, 79 (1858).

[1244] Ex parte Milligan, 4 Wall. 2, 123, 138-139 (1866). Ex parte Quirin, 317 U.S. 1, 40 (1942).

[1245] Wade _v._ Hunter, 336 U.S. 684, 687 (1949).

[1246] Dynes _v._ Hoover, 20 How. 65, 82 (1858).

[1247] Swaim _v._ United States, 165 U.S. 553 (1897); Carter _v._ Roberts, 177 U.S. 496 (1900); Hiatt _v._ Brown, 339 U.S. 103 (1950).

[1248] Mullan _v._ United States, 212 U.S. 516 (1909); Smith _v._ Whitney, 116 U.S. 167, 177 (1886); Hiatt _v._ Brown, 339 U.S. 103 (1950).

[1249] Clark, Emergency Legislation Pa.s.sed Prior to December 1917, 211 (1918).

[1250] Ibid. 214

[1251] Ibid. 250, 332, 380, 438, 497.

[1252] Ibid. 420, 466, 535, 595, 636, 823. Many of these were soon suspended or repealed. Ibid. 458, 553, 601, 733.

[1253] Ibid. 482, 543, 963, 969.

[1254] Ibid. 916.

[1255] Ibid. 280.

[1256] Hepburn _v._ Griswold, 8 Wall. 603, 617 (1870).

[1257] Ibid. 626.