[83] Kraus & Bros. _v._ United States, 327 U.S. 614 (1946).

[84] Landis, Const.i.tutional Limitations on the Congressional Power of Investigation, 40 Harvard Law Review, 153, 159-166 (1926).

[85] 3 Annals of Congress, 493 (1792).

[86] In 1800, Secretary of the Treasury, Oliver Wolcott, Jr., addressed a letter to the House of Representatives advising them of his resignation from office and inviting an investigation of his office.

Such an inquiry was made. 10 Annals of Congress 786-788 (1800).

[87] 8 Cong. Deb. 2160 (1832).

[88] 13 Cong. Deb. 1057 (1836).

[89] H.R. Rep. No. 194, 24th Cong., 2d sess., Ser. No. 307, 1, 12, 31 (1837).

[90] Cong. Globe, 36th Cong. 1st sess. 1100-1109 (1860).

[91] 103 U.S. 168 (1881).

[92] 273 U.S. 135, 177, 178 (1927).

[93] 4 Cong. Deb. 862, 868, 888, 889 (1827).

[94] 103 U.S. 168 (1881).

[95] 154 U.S. 447 (1894).

[96] Ibid. 478. _See also_ Harriman _v._ Interstate Commerce Commission, 211 U.S. 407 (1908); Smith _v._ Interstate Commerce Commission, 245 U.S.

33 (1917).

[97] 273 U.S. 135 (1927).

[98] Ibid. 154, 175.

[99] 103 U.S. 168, 192-196 (1881).

[100] 166 U.S. 661 (1897).

[101] Ibid. 670.

[102] 273 U.S. 135, 178 (1927).

[103] 279 U.S. 263 (1929).

[104] Ibid. 295.

[105] In re Chapman, 166 U.S. 661 (1897).

[106] 279 U.S. 597 (1929).

[107] 6 Wheat. 204 (1821).

[108] 243 U.S. 521 (1917).

[109] Ibid. 542.

[110] 294 U.S. 125 (1935).

[111] Ibid. 147, 150.

[112] 6 Wheat. 204, 231 (1821).

[113] In re Chapman, 166 U.S. 661, 671-672 (1897).

[114] United States _v._ Bryan, 339 U.S. 323, 330 (1950); United States _v._ Fleischman, 339 U.S. 349 (1950).

[115] Christoffel _v._ United States, 338 U.S. 84, 89, 90 (1949).

[116] Minor _v._ Happersett, 21 Wall. 162, 171 (1875); Breedlove _v._ Suttles, 302 U.S. 277 (1937).

[117] Ex parte Yarbrough, 110 U.S. 651 (1884); Wiley _v._ Sinkler, 179 U.S. 58, 62 (1900); Swafford _v._ Templeton, 185 U.S. 487 (1902); United States _v._ Cla.s.sic, 313 U.S. 299 (1941).

[118] United States _v._ Cla.s.sic, 313 U.S. 299, 315 (1941).

[119] United States _v._ Mosley, 238 U.S. 383 (1915); United States _v._ Saylor, 322 U.S. 385, 387 (1944).

[120] United States _v._ Cla.s.sic, 313 U.S. 299 (1941).

[121] United States _v._ Mosley, 238 U.S. 383 (1915).

[122] 35 Stat. 1092 (1909); 18 U.S.C. -- 51 (1946), superseded by 62 Stat. 696 (1948); 18 U.S.C. -- 241 (Supp. II, 1946 ed.).

[123] United States _v._ Mosley, 238 U.S. 383 (1915).

[124] United States _v._ Saylor, 322 U.S. 385 (1944).

[125] United States _v._ Bathgate, 246 U.S. 220 (1918). _See also_ United States _v._ Gradwell, 243 U.S. 476 (1917).

[126] Sen. Rep. 904, 74th Cong., 1st sess. (1935); 79 Cong. Rec.

9651-9653 (1935).

[127] No. LX.

[128] Hinds' Precedents of the House of Representatives, I: ---- 443, 448-458 (1907).

[129] 202 U.S. 344 (1906).

[130] Ibid. 369-370.

[131] Hinds' Precedents of the House of Representatives, I: ---- 474-477 (1907).