[167] Alabama Power Co. _v._ Ickes, 302 U.S. 464, 480-481 (1938).

[168] 333 U.S. 203 (1948).

[169] 342 U.S. 429 (1952). _See_ p. 763 (Amendment I).

[170] 6 Wall. 50, 64 (1868). _See also_ State of Mississippi _v._ Johnson, 4 Wall. 475 (1867).

[171] 6 Wall. at 76.

[172] 262 U.S. 447 (1923).

[173] 42 Stat. 224 (1921).

[174] 262 U.S. 447, 484-485. _See also_ New Jersey _v._ Sargent, 269 U.S. 328, 338-340 (1926), where the Court refused jurisdiction of a suit to enjoin the federal water power act because of its effect on the conservation of potable waters in New Jersey. A similar situation arose in Arizona _v._ California, 283 U.S. 423, 450 (1931), where the Court declined to take jurisdiction of an injunction suit to restrain the Secretary of the Interior and the five States of the Colorado River Compact from constructing Boulder Dam.

[175] Georgia _v._ Pennsylvania R. Co., 324 U.S. 439 (1945).

[176] Missouri _v._ Holland, 252 U.S. 416 (1920).

[177] Georgia _v._ Tennessee Copper Co., 206 U.S. 230 (1907).

[178] Alabama State Federation of Labor _v._ McAdory, 325 U.S. 450, 461 (1945).

[179] Giles _v._ Harris, 189 U.S. 475, 486 (1903).

[180] 258 U.S. 158 (1922).

[181] Ibid. 162.

[182] 297 U.S. 288, 324 (1936).

[183] 274 U.S. 488 (1927).

[184] Ashwander _v._ Tennessee Valley Authority, 297 U.S. 288, 324 (1936).

[185] 283 U.S. 423 (1931).

[186] 330 U.S. 75 (1947).

[187] Ibid. 89-91. Justices Black and Douglas wrote separate dissents, but each contended that the controversy was justiciable. Justice Douglas could not agree that the men should violate the act and lose their jobs in order to test their rights.

[188] Ex parte Steele, 162 F. 694, 701 (1908).

[189] Pennsylvania _v._ Wheeling & Belmont Bridge Co., 13 How. 518 (1852); United States _v._ Chambers, 291 U.S. 217 (1934); Mills _v._ Green, 159 U.S. 651 (1895); United States _v._ Evans, 213 U.S. 297 (1909).

[190] Mills _v._ Green, 159 U.S. 651 (1895). This case came to the Supreme Court on appeal from a decree of the circuit court of appeals dissolving an injunction restraining certain registration officials from excluding the appellant from the voting list. However, the election in which appellant desired to vote was held prior to the appeal, and the case thereby became moot. _See also_ St. Pierre _v._ United States, 319 U.S. 41 (1943).

[191] Ibid. 653.

[192] Keim _v._ United States, 177 U.S. 290, 293 (1900); Georgia _v._ Stanton, 6 Wall. 50, 71 (1868).

[193] 14 Pet. 497 (1840).

[194] Ibid. 516.

[195] Ibid., and Kendall _v._ United States ex rel. Stokes, 12 Pet. 524, 621 (1838); _see also_ Marbury _v._ Madison, 1 Cr. 137 (1803).

[196] Mississippi _v._ Johnson, 4 Wall. 475 (1867).

[197] Georgia _v._ Stanton, 6 Wall. 50 (1868).

[198] Ibid.

[199] 4 Wall. 475 (1867).

[200] 12 Pet. 524 (1838).

[201] 1 Cr. 137, 170 (1803).

[202] 7 How. 1 (1849).

[203] Ibid. 41.

[204] Ibid. 42-45.

[205] This cla.s.sification follows in the main that of Melville Fuller Weston, Political Questions, 38 Harv. L. Rev. 296 (1925).

[206] Field _v._ Clark, 143 U.S. 649 (1892).

[207] Coleman _v._ Miller, 307 U.S. 433 (1939).

[208] Foster _v._ Neilson, 2 Pet. 253 (1829). _See_ p. 472, supra.

[209] Commercial Trust Co. of New Jersey _v._ Miller, 262 U.S. 51 (1923).

[210] United States _v._ Anderson, 9 Wall. 56 (1870).

[211] Luther _v._ Borden, 7 How. 1 (1849); Pacific States Telephone & Telegraph Co. _v._ Oregon, 223 U.S. 118 (1912).

[212] Luther _v._ Borden, 7 How. 1 (1849).

[213] McPherson _v._ Blacker, 146 U.S. 1 (1892), where the Court refused to pa.s.s upon the act of the Michigan legislature in 1892 providing for the election of presidential electors by Congressional districts.

[214] South _v._ Peters, 339 U.S. 276 (1950).

[215] Colegrove _v._ Green, 328 U.S. 549 (1946).

[216] Ma.s.sachusetts _v._ Mellon, 262 U.S. 447 (1923); Georgia _v._ Stanton, 6 Wall. U.S. 50 (1868); Cherokee Nation _v._ Georgia, 5 Pet. 1 (1831).