[86:] _Ermoldi Nigelli_: Poema. V. _Muratori_: Script. Rer. Ital., Tom. II., Pars II.

[87:] _Muratori_: Ant. Ital. Diss, LXX., Vol. III., Parte II., p. 188.

[88:] _Pertz_: Monum. German., Tom. IV., p. 176.

[89:] It is true that _Muratori_ (Script. Rer. Ital., Tom. I., Pars II., p. 192) publishes a diploma to the monastery of Novantulanum, near Modena, purporting to be by Aistulf and of the year 753; and (in Ant. Ital. Diss. LXXI., Vol. III., P. II., p. 256) another by Desiderius to the monastery of Santa Giulia di Brescia, which seems to grant exemption and protection if not privilege. But in the first the formula employed is so exactly similar to that of the later Frankish doc.u.ments issued for the same purpose, as immediately to excite suspicion; and in the second, Muratori himself finds something radically wrong with the chronology.

[90:] An even better example can be found among Charlemagne's diplomas, by referring to one granted by him to the church of Reggio, and published by _Ugh.e.l.li_: Italia Sacra, Tom. V., Appendice.

[91:] See a charter given by Lothaire to Pietro, bishop of Arezzo in 843, the year of the Treaty of Verdun, v. _Muratori_: Ant. Ital. Diss.

LXX., Vol. III., Parte II., p. 196.

[92:] See a law of Lewis II. of 855, made in the Diet of Pavia. v.

_Muratori_: Script. Rer. Ital., Tom I., P. II. (added to Leg. Lomb.).

[93:] Certain "dona," however, supposed to be voluntary, were always excepted. See a diploma of Louis of the year 854 to the monastery of St. Gall in Germany, where it describes the usual "dona" for _all_ monasteries as "Caballi duo c.u.m scuteis et lanceis." v. _Muratori_: Ant. Ital. Diss. LXX., Vol. II., Part II., p. 204.

[94:] See a _privilegium_ given by him in the year 877 to the nuns of the Posterla, Sta. Teodata at Pavia. v. _Ugh.e.l.li_: Italia Sacra, Tom.

V.

[95:] _Muratori_: Ant. Ital. Diss. LXX., Vol. III., Parte II., pp.

196, 197.

[96:] Probably the earliest of such privileges was one granted to the bishop of Modena by Guido in the year 892, and published by _Ugh.e.l.li_: Italia Sacra, Tom. II., p. 98.