3. c.o.c.kle: A weed, the "Agrostemma githago" of Linnaeus; perhaps named from the Anglo-Saxon, "ceocan," because it chokes the corn.

(Transcriber's note: It is also possible Chaucer had in mind Matthew 13:25, where in some translations, an enemy sowed "c.o.c.kle" amongst the wheat. (Other translations have "tares"

and "darnel".))

THE TALE. <1>

A Merchant whilom dwell'd at Saint Denise, That riche was, for which men held him wise.

A wife he had of excellent beauty, And *companiable and revellous* was she, *fond of society and Which is a thing that causeth more dispence merry making*

Than worth is all the cheer and reverence That men them do at feastes and at dances.

Such salutations and countenances Pa.s.sen, as doth the shadow on the wall; Put woe is him that paye must for all.

The sely* husband algate** he must pay, *innocent **always He must us <2> clothe and he must us array All for his owen worship richely: In which array we dance jollily.

And if that he may not, paraventure, Or elles list not such dispence endure, But thinketh it is wasted and y-lost, Then must another paye for our cost, Or lend us gold, and that is perilous.

This n.o.ble merchant held a n.o.ble house; For which he had all day so great repair,* *resort of visitors For his largesse, and for his wife was fair, That wonder is; but hearken to my tale.

Amonges all these guestes great and smale, There was a monk, a fair man and a bold, I trow a thirty winter he was old, That ever-in-one* was drawing to that place. *constantly This younge monk, that was so fair of face, Acquainted was so with this goode man, Since that their firste knowledge began, That in his house as familiar was he As it is possible any friend to be.

And, for as muchel as this goode man, And eke this monk of which that I began, Were both the two y-born in one village, The monk *him claimed, as for cousinage,* *claimed kindred And he again him said not once nay, with him*

But was as glad thereof as fowl of day; "For to his heart it was a great pleasance.

Thus be they knit with etern' alliance, And each of them gan other to a.s.sure Of brotherhood while that their life may dure.

Free was Dan <3> John, and namely* of dispence,** *especially **spending As in that house, and full of diligence To do pleasance, and also *great costage;* *liberal outlay*

He not forgot to give the leaste page In all that house; but, after their degree, He gave the lord, and sithen* his meinie,** *afterwards **servants When that he came, some manner honest thing; For which they were as glad of his coming As fowl is fain when that the sun upriseth.

No more of this as now, for it sufficeth.

But so befell, this merchant on a day Shope* him to make ready his array *resolved, arranged Toward the town of Bruges <4> for to fare, To buye there a portion of ware;* *merchandise For which he hath to Paris sent anon A messenger, and prayed hath Dan John That he should come to Saint Denis, and play* *enjoy himself With him, and with his wife, a day or tway, Ere he to Bruges went, in alle wise.

This n.o.ble monk, of which I you devise,* *tell Had of his abbot, as him list, licence, (Because he was a man of high prudence, And eke an officer out for to ride, To see their granges and their barnes wide); <5> And unto Saint Denis he came anon.

Who was so welcome as my lord Dan John, Our deare cousin, full of courtesy?

With him he brought a jub* of malvesie, *jug And eke another full of fine vernage, <6> And volatile,* as aye was his usage: *wild-fowl And thus I let them eat, and drink, and play, This merchant and this monk, a day or tway.

The thirde day the merchant up ariseth, And on his needeis sadly him adviseth; And up into his countour-house* went he, *counting-house <7> To reckon with himself as well may be, Of thilke* year, how that it with him stood, *that And how that he dispended bad his good, And if that he increased were or non.

His bookes and his bagges many a one He laid before him on his counting-board.

Full riche was his treasure and his h.o.a.rd; For which full fast his countour door he shet; And eke he would that no man should him let* *hinder Of his accountes, for the meane time: And thus he sat, till it was pa.s.sed prime.

Dan John was risen in the morn also, And in the garden walked to and fro, And had his thinges said full courteously.

The good wife came walking full privily Into the garden, where he walked soft, And him saluted, as she had done oft; A maiden child came in her company, Which as her list she might govern and gie,* *guide For yet under the yarde* was the maid. *rod <8> "O deare cousin mine, Dan John," she said, "What aileth you so rath* for to arise?" *early "Niece," quoth he, "it ought enough suffice Five houres for to sleep upon a night;'

But* it were for an old appalled** wight, *unless **pallid, wasted As be these wedded men, that lie and dare,* *stare As in a forme sits a weary hare, Alle forstraught* with houndes great and smale; *distracted, confounded But, deare niece, why be ye so pale?

I trowe certes that our goode man Hath you so laboured, since this night began, That you were need to reste hastily."

And with that word he laugh'd full merrily, And of his owen thought he wax'd all red.

This faire wife gan for to shake her head, And saide thus; "Yea, G.o.d wot all" quoth she.

"Nay, cousin mine, it stands not so with me; For by that G.o.d, that gave me soul and life, In all the realm of France is there no wife That lesse l.u.s.t hath to that sorry play; For I may sing alas and well-away!

That I was born; but to no wight," quoth she, "Dare I not tell how that it stands with me.

Wherefore I think out of this land to wend, Or elles of myself to make an end, So full am I of dread and eke of care."

This monk began upon this wife to stare, And said, "Alas! my niece, G.o.d forbid That ye for any sorrow, or any dread, Fordo* yourself: but telle me your grief, *destroy Paraventure I may, in your mischief,* *distress Counsel or help; and therefore telle me All your annoy, for it shall be secre.

For on my portos* here I make an oath, *breviary That never in my life, *for lief nor loth,* *willing or unwilling*

Ne shall I of no counsel you bewray."

"The same again to you," quoth she, "I say.

By G.o.d and by this portos I you swear, Though men me woulden all in pieces tear, Ne shall I never, for* to go to h.e.l.l, *though I should Bewray* one word of thing that ye me tell, *betray For no cousinage, nor alliance, But verily for love and affiance."* *confidence, promise Thus be they sworn, and thereupon they kiss'd, And each of them told other what them list.

"Cousin," quoth she, "if that I hadde s.p.a.ce, As I have none, and namely* in this place, *specially Then would I tell a legend of my life, What I have suffer'd since I was a wife With mine husband, all* be he your cousin. *although "Nay," quoth this monk, "by G.o.d and Saint Martin, He is no more cousin unto me, Than is the leaf that hangeth on the tree; I call him so, by Saint Denis of France, To have the more cause of acquaintance Of you, which I have loved specially Aboven alle women sickerly,* *surely This swear I you *on my professioun;* *by my vows of religion Tell me your grief, lest that he come adown, And hasten you, and go away anon."

"My deare love," quoth she, "O my Dan John, Full lief* were me this counsel for to hide, *pleasant But out it must, I may no more abide.

My husband is to me the worste man That ever was since that the world began; But since I am a wife, it sits* not me *becomes To telle no wight of our privity, Neither in bed, nor in none other place; G.o.d shield* I shoulde tell it for his grace; *forbid A wife shall not say of her husband But all honour, as I can understand; Save unto you thus much I telle shall; As help me G.o.d, he is nought worth at all In no degree, the value of a fly.

But yet me grieveth most his n.i.g.g.ardy.* *stinginess And well ye wot, that women naturally Desire thinges six, as well as I.

They woulde that their husbands shoulde be Hardy,* and wise, and rich, and thereto free, *brave And buxom* to his wife, and fresh in bed. *yielding, obedient But, by that ilke* Lord that for us bled, *same For his honour myself for to array, On Sunday next I muste needes pay A hundred francs, or elles am I lorn.* *ruined, undone Yet *were me lever* that I were unborn, *I would rather*

Than me were done slander or villainy.

And if mine husband eke might it espy, I were but lost; and therefore I you pray, Lend me this sum, or elles must I dey.* *die Dan John, I say, lend me these hundred francs; Pardie, I will not faile you, *my thanks,* *if I can help it*

If that you list to do that I you pray; For at a certain day I will you pay, And do to you what pleasance and service That I may do, right as you list devise.

And but* I do, G.o.d take on me vengeance, *unless As foul as e'er had Ganilion <9> of France."

This gentle monk answer'd in this mannere; "Now truely, mine owen lady dear, I have," quoth he, "on you so greate ruth,* *pity That I you swear, and plighte you my truth, That when your husband is to Flanders fare,* *gone I will deliver you out of this care, For I will bringe you a hundred francs."

And with that word he caught her by the flanks, And her embraced hard, and kissed her oft.

"Go now your way," quoth he, "all still and soft, And let us dine as soon as that ye may, For by my cylinder* 'tis prime of day; *portable sundial Go now, and be as true as I shall be ."

"Now elles G.o.d forbidde, Sir," quoth she; And forth she went, as jolly as a pie, And bade the cookes that they should them hie,* *make haste So that men mighte dine, and that anon.

Up to her husband is this wife gone, And knocked at his contour boldely.

*"Qui est la?"* quoth he. "Peter! it am I," *who is there?*

Quoth she; "What, Sir, how longe all will ye fast?

How longe time will ye reckon and cast Your summes, and your bookes, and your things?

The devil have part of all such reckonings!

Ye have enough, pardie, of G.o.dde's sond.* *sending, gifts Come down to-day, and let your bagges stond.* *stand Ne be ye not ashamed, that Dan John Shall fasting all this day elenge* gon? *see note <10> What? let us hear a ma.s.s, and go we dine."

"Wife," quoth this man, "little canst thou divine The curious businesse that we have; For of us chapmen,* all so G.o.d me save, *merchants And by that lord that cleped is Saint Ive, Scarcely amonges twenty, ten shall thrive Continually, lasting unto our age.

We may well make cheer and good visage, And drive forth the world as it may be, And keepen our estate in privity, Till we be dead, or elles that we play A pilgrimage, or go out of the way.

And therefore have I great necessity Upon this quaint* world to advise** me. *strange **consider For evermore must we stand in dread Of hap and fortune in our chapmanhead.* *trading To Flanders will I go to-morrow at day, And come again as soon as e'er I may: For which, my deare wife, I thee beseek *beseech As be to every wight buxom* and meek, *civil, courteous And for to keep our good be curious, And honestly governe well our house.

Thou hast enough, in every manner wise, That to a thrifty household may suffice.

Thee lacketh none array, nor no vitail; Of silver in thy purse thou shalt not fail."

And with that word his contour door he shet,* *shut And down he went; no longer would he let;* *delay, hinder And hastily a ma.s.s was there said, And speedily the tables were laid, And to the dinner faste they them sped, And richely this monk the chapman fed.

And after dinner Dan John soberly This chapman took apart, and privily He said him thus: "Cousin, it standeth so, That, well I see, to Bruges ye will go; G.o.d and Saint Austin speede you and guide.

I pray you, cousin, wisely that ye ride: Governe you also of your diet Attemperly,* and namely** in this heat. *moderately Betwixt us two needeth no *strange fare;* *ado, ceremony*

Farewell, cousin, G.o.d shielde you from care.

If any thing there be, by day or night, If it lie in my power and my might, That ye me will command in any wise, It shall be done, right as ye will devise.

But one thing ere ye go, if it may be; I woulde pray you for to lend to me A hundred frankes, for a week or twy, For certain beastes that I muste buy, To store with a place that is ours (G.o.d help me so, I would that it were yours); I shall not faile surely of my day, Not for a thousand francs, a mile way.

But let this thing be secret, I you pray; For yet to-night these beastes must I buy.

And fare now well, mine owen cousin dear; *Grand mercy* of your cost and of your cheer." *great thanks*

This n.o.ble merchant gentilly* anon *like a gentleman Answer'd and said, "O cousin mine, Dan John, Now sickerly this is a small request: My gold is youres, when that it you lest, And not only my gold, but my chaffare;* *merchandise Take what you list, *G.o.d shielde that ye spare.* *G.o.d forbid that you But one thing is, ye know it well enow should take too little*

Of chapmen, that their money is their plough.

We may creance* while we have a name, *obtain credit But goldless for to be it is no game.

Pay it again when it lies in your ease; After my might full fain would I you please."

These hundred frankes set he forth anon, And privily he took them to Dan John; No wight in all this world wist of this loan, Saving the merchant and Dan John alone.

They drink, and speak, and roam a while, and play, Till that Dan John rode unto his abbay.

The morrow came, and forth this merchant rideth To Flanders-ward, his prentice well him guideth, Till he came unto Bruges merrily.

Now went this merchant fast and busily About his need, and buyed and creanced;* *got credit He neither played at the dice, nor danced; But as a merchant, shortly for to tell, He led his life; and there I let him dwell.

The Sunday next* the merchant was y-gone, *after To Saint Denis y-comen is Dan John, With crown and beard all fresh and newly shave, In all the house was not so little a knave,* *servant-boy Nor no wight elles that was not full fain For that my lord Dan John was come again.

And shortly to the point right for to gon, The faire wife accorded with Dan John, That for these hundred francs he should all night Have her in his armes bolt upright; And this accord performed was in deed.

In mirth all night a busy life they lead, Till it was day, that Dan John went his way, And bade the meinie* "Farewell; have good day." *servants For none of them, nor no wight in the town, Had of Dan John right no suspicioun; And forth he rode home to his abbay, Or where him list; no more of him I say.

The merchant, when that ended was the fair, To Saint Denis he gan for to repair, And with his wife he made feast and cheer, And tolde her that chaffare* was so dear, *merchandise That needes must he make a chevisance;* *loan <11> For he was bound in a recognisance To paye twenty thousand shields* anon. *crowns, ecus For which this merchant is to Paris gone, To borrow of certain friendes that he had A certain francs, and some with him he lad.* *took And when that he was come into the town, For great cherte* and great affectioun *love Unto Dan John he wente first to play; Not for to borrow of him no money, Bat for to weet* and see of his welfare, *know And for to telle him of his chaffare, As friendes do, when they be met in fere.* *company Dan John him made feast and merry cheer; And he him told again full specially, How he had well y-bought and graciously (Thanked be G.o.d) all whole his merchandise; Save that he must, in alle manner wise, Maken a chevisance, as for his best; And then he shoulde be in joy and rest.

Dan John answered, "Certes, I am fain* *glad That ye in health be come borne again: And if that I were rich, as have I bliss, Of twenty thousand shields should ye not miss, For ye so kindely the other day Lente me gold, and as I can and may I thanke you, by G.o.d and by Saint Jame.