Hulbert.--The Church and Her Children ($1.00).

IV

THE SUNDAY SCHOOL OR CHURCH SCHOOL

The Sunday school is the biggest force of the church in the life of the boy. At times he refuses to attend the stated worship of the church, but if the Sunday school be in the least interesting he will gladly attend it. Its exercises and procedure must, however, be interesting, and rightly so. The boy has the right to demand that the time, his own time, which he gives to the Sunday school, should be utilized to some decently profitable, pleasurable end. Education, even religious education, is not necessarily a painful process. Discipline of mind or body has ceased to be a series of disagreeable, rigid postures or exercises. Medicine has no virtue merely because it is bad to the taste, and modern medical usage prescribes free air and warm sunshine in large doses in place of the old-time bitter nostrums. Even where the boy spirit needs medication, the means employed need not be sepulchral gloom, solemn warning, other-world songs, and penitential prayers, with great moral applications of the non-understandable. The germs of spiritual disease give way before the sunshine of the spirit, just as fast, if not faster, than the microbes before the sun. The Sunday school, then, should be a happy, joyous, sunny place, brimful of ideas, suggestion and impulse; for these three are at once the giants and fairies of religious education, and are the essential elements of character-making.

To produce all of the above, three things are needed: adequate organization, careful supervision, and common-sense leading. The first is imperative, because all education is a matter of organization. The second is part of the first, as supervision is the genius of organization. The third is fundamental, for all expression--true education--depends on the teacher or leader, whose innate idea of the fitness of things keeps him from doing, on the one hand, that which is just customary, or, on the other hand, that which may appear to be just scientific. The science of yesterday should be the tradition of today; that is, if we are making progress in educational processes. Today's science also should be fighting yesterday's for supremacy. Common sense lies somewhere between the two.

The only two of these three Sunday school essentials that this chapter deals with are organization and supervision.

The Sunday school should be a kind of a religious regiment, martial both in its music and its virtues for its challenge to the adolescent boy.

Now, every regiment, in peace or war, is properly organized with battalions, companies, and squads. Everything is accounted for, arranged for, and some one definitely held responsible for certain things--not everything. The organization covers every member of the regiment; so should the Sunday school.

In Sunday school nomenclature the regimental battalions are "Divisions"--Elementary, Secondary, and Adult, by name. The companies likewise are named "Departments," each division having its own as in the "Elementary"--"Cradle Roll," "Beginners," "Primary," and "Junior." The squads in each case are the "Cla.s.ses" that make up the Departments. _It is essential that the Secondary, or Teen Age Division, which enrolls the adolescent boy, be adequately organized._

Regiments, Battalions, Companies, and Squads must be properly officered--must be supervised. Colonels, Majors, Captains, Lieutenants, Sergeants and Corporals are the arteries of an army. In Sunday school language, the head of the regiment is the General Superintendent, and all the heads of divisions and departments are likewise named Superintendent. The leader of the squad is the Teacher. Then a properly supervised Sunday school is organized not unlike an army, and would be, according to a diagram, like the following:

General Superintendent

------+-----------------+----------+------+-----------------+---

Elementary Secondary Adult Special Superintendent Superintendent Superintendent Superintendent

Cradle Roll Intermediate Organized Bible Superintendent Superintendent Cla.s.s Superintendent

Beginners' Senior Home Superintendent Superintendent Superintendent or Primary Teen Age Superintendent Superintendent or Junior Boys'

Superintendent Superintendent and Girls'

Superintendent

Thus the modern school of the church would have at least twelve superintendents to oversee its work, to say nothing of the special workers, such as Training, Missionary and Temperance. This may seem like an unnecessary array of officers, but the experienced will admit that they are essential to good results in teaching boys and girls of varying requirements. _Not until the Secondary or Teen Age Division is adequately supervised, will the teen age boy or his religious education be properly cared for_.

BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE SUNDAY SCHOOL

Frost.--The Church School (.65).

Cope.--Efficiency in the Sunday School ($1.00).

Lawrance.--Housing the Sunday School ($2.00).

--How to Conduct a Sunday School ($1.25).

Meyer.--The Graded Sunday School in Principle and Practice (.75).

SCHEME OF ORGANIZATION OF THE MODERN SUNDAY SCHOOL

DIVISIONS AND DEPARTMENTS ============================================================ ELEMENTARY

SECONDARY

ADULT

SPECIAL --------------+---------------+--------------+-------------- Cradle Roll

(A)

Adult

Missionary (1 Minute-3

Intermediate

Bible

years)

Department

Cla.s.s

--------------

(13-16 years)

Department

Temperance Beginners'

---------------

(21 years +)

Department

Senior

--------------

(4-5 years)

Department

Home[1]

Purity --------------

(17-20 years)

Department

Primary

===============

Visitation

Department

(B)

Department

Training (6-8 years)

Teen Age or

--------------

High School

Junior

Department

Parents Department

===============

--------------

Girls'

Department

Parents and

(13-20 years)

Teachers

(C)

Boys'

Etc.

Department

(13-20 years)

============================================================

V

THE BOY AND THE SUNDAY SCHOOL

There are two factors in the above subject--the factor of the boy and the factor of the Sunday school.

The factor of the boy is the more important of the two, as the Sunday school exists merely for the purpose of serving the boy. The boy, therefore, should be thought of first, and the Sunday school should be planned to meet his needs.

What then is the factor of the boy? "The boy is a many-sided animal, with budding tastes, clamorous appet.i.tes, primitive likes and dislikes, varied interests; an idealist and hater of shams, a reservoir of nerve force, a bundle of contradictions, a lover of fun but a possible lover of the best, a loyal friend of his true friends; impulsive, erratic, impressionable to an alarming degree." Furthermore, the boy is maturing, traversing the path from boyhood to manhood, is unstable, not only in his growth, but also in his thought, is restless because of his natural instability, and sometimes suffers from headiness and independence. Between boyhood and manhood he travels swiftly, the scenery changes quickly as he travels--_but he is traveling to manhood_.

No railway train or vehicle can keep pace with his speed. Morning sees him a million miles farther on his way than night reckoned him but half a day before. And yet, in all of it, he moves by well-defined stages in his journey towards his destination of maturity. Today he is individualistic, tomorrow heroic, a little later reflective and full of thought, but in all of it is progressively active, moving forward by leaps and bounds. His needs also increase with his pace, and must be fully and timely met, if he is to reach symmetrical maturity. He needs but three things to attain his best: proper sustenance, unlimited activity, and careful guidance. Given these three rightly and at the proper time, the quality of his manhood will go beyond our fondest hope.

The sustenance must be in keeping with his years, the activity in line with his strength, and the guidance adapted to the needs of his spirit--firm, compelling, but not irksome. In it all the boy is to be encouraged in self-expression, resourcefulness, and independent manhood.

Such is a partial appreciation of the boy and his wonderful capacities, a pa.s.sing glimpse into a treasure house of wealth and possibility.

What now is the Sunday school? In the days that are past, it was looked upon merely as a weekly meeting of boys and girls. Today it is regarded as an inst.i.tution for the releasing of great moral and religious impulses into life. Of late there have even crept into its life the names and some of the methods of our public school system. Grading and trained teaching have also come into its life to stay; the modern Sunday school is but little like that of a decade ago, and the changes are not yet done with. Some of the innovations will be proved by experience and retained with modification, while others doubtless will be eliminated as worthless for the purposes of the Sunday school in its ideals of moral and religious education. Improvement, however, is in the school atmosphere.

However, with all the change, past, present and contemplated, the school proper has but little time for the doing of its work. Fifty-two sessions a year, of an hour's or an hour and a half's duration at best, fifty-two or seventy-eight hours a year, only one-third of which is given to Bible study, furnish a meager opportunity to accomplish its aim. Compared with twelve hundred hours a year in the public school, or the twenty-eight hundred hours a year a boy may work, it seems pitifully small, for the aim of the Sunday school is bigger than the other two. The Sunday school purposes to fit the boy to play the game in public school and work and life. It seeks to give him impulses that will help him to keep clean, inside and outside, to work with other boys in team play, to render Christian service to his fellows, and to love and worship G.o.d as his Father and Christ as his Saviour. The means it employs for these great purposes are Bible study, Christian music, the a.s.sociation of the boys in cla.s.ses, and Christian leadership. To these the school is beginning to add through-the-week meetings for what have been called its secular activities. All this has come after a great deal of campaigning on the part of groups of devoted men and women interested in boy life and welfare. The Sunday school has had to overcome many handicaps in reaching the boy of teen age, among which were the lack of efficient, virile teachers, a misunderstanding of boy nature, lessons not adapted to the boy's needs, music that was not appealing, and the indiscriminate grouping of boys with members of the other s.e.x. These, however, have been rapidly overcome, and today the school is fairly well organized to meet the needs of the boy.

There are yet some definite things to be written into the life of the Sunday school to win and hold the boy of teen age in its membership for life.

The first of these is the incorporation into the Sunday school activities of those things that interest and touch and mold every phase of a boy's life. It means the allotment of a definite part of the school period for the discussion of the things the group of boys will engage in during the week, and a through-the-week meeting as a real part of the school work. This allows and provides for the athletic, outdoor, camping, social, and literary outlet for the boy spirit.

Another forward step is graded Bible study, graded athletics, graded service, graded social life, and graded mental activities. The work of the school, to hold the boy, must be new and diverse in its interests, and big enough and broad enough to command his constantly changing attention. As his years so shall his interest be. To his years the work of the Sunday school must correspond.

The Organized Bible Cla.s.s that is self-governing must be added to the above. Better have the gang on the inside of the church with a Christian-altruistic content, than to permit the boys to organize under self-direction on the outside. The Bible Cla.s.s, too, has advantages over every other form of organization. It has the Bible at its heart, the one thing necessary to a.s.sure permanence, and never allows the thought of graduation. Other boy organizations meet the need of certain specified years; the Bible Cla.s.s meets all the needs of all the years, and is flexible enough to include all the special needs that are met by other forms of organization.

The greatest need of the Sunday school is capable teaching. By it the Bible Cla.s.s becomes efficient or the reverse. For the boy the teacher should be a man, a Christian man, who has personality enough to command the boy's respect, and ability enough to direct the boy in doing things.

This means a comrade-relationship of work and play, Bible study and athletics, spiritual and social activity, Sunday and week-day interest, and a disposition on the part of the leader to get the boy to do everything--government, planning, presiding, achieving--for himself.

This is true teaching and leadership. The greatest thing in the Sunday school is the teacher. For now abideth the Lesson, the Cla.s.s, and the Teacher, but the greatest of these is the Teacher.

In view, then, of all that has gone before, what shall be said of the Sunday school and the boy? Each to each is the complement; the two together form a winning combination. On the one hand, the modern Sunday school should meet the boy's need at every stage of his development in a physical, social, mental, and spiritual way. It should give him variety and progression in the processes of his maturing, and suitable organization and trained leadership for character-building and man-making. On the other hand, the boy will render the Sunday school and church his service, and through both give his heart's thought, devotion, and worship to his Lord. This is the whole matter of the Sunday school and the normal boy, and is our vision of the future of the church. The past did not do it! The past is dead!

BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE BOY AND THE SUNDAY SCHOOL

Boys' Work Message (Men and Religion Movement) ($1.00).

Foster.--The Boy and the Church (.75).

Lewis.--The Intermediate Worker and His Work (.50).

--The Senior Worker and His Work (.50).

Robinson.--The Adolescent Boy in the Sunday School (_American Youth_, April, 1911) (.20).