NOTES TO THE BOOK THE BOOK.

WITHOUT WORDS.

FABLE: I have called this book a fable, a word that came into the English language in the fourteenth century. Deriving from the Latin word fabula fabula, meaning a story, its English usage has come to suggest a supernatural tale in which animals speak and act like human beings. A fable is meant to exemplify a useful truth.

THE ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLES: Brother Wilfrid's description of the events in the year of Thorston's birth is based on the entry for the year 973 in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. Chronicles. This extraordinary work, a compilation by many hands, provides the history of Britain from the start of the Christian era until 1154. It is believed to have been originally commissioned by King Alfred the Great. This extraordinary work, a compilation by many hands, provides the history of Britain from the start of the Christian era until 1154. It is believed to have been originally commissioned by King Alfred the Great.

ALCHEMY: The best way to describe alchemy is to think of it as early science, in particular the science of chemistry. Its pract.i.tioners sought a physical and spiritual understanding of the nature of existence. Much of their work focused on the making of gold and the finding of the "philosopher's stone," which would restore youth and prolong life. From a modern perspective, alchemy seems full of magic and superst.i.tion, but while there were no doubt charlatans in the field, there were many who were serious students of the natural world. While alchemy might have been viewed with suspicion and even fear, it would not have been illegal. Alchemists discovered alcohol, and nitric, sulfuric, and hydrochloric acids. The Book Without Words is sometimes referenced as a source of alchemic knowledge.

FULWORTH and NORTHUMBRIA: Though the town of Fulworth is imaginary, as is the monastery described in this story, the Kingdom of Northumbria did exist. Founded in the seventh century by Anglo-Saxons, it lies in modern-day northern Great Britain, between the Humber River to the south, and the Firth of Forth to the north. As a kingdom, it existed in one form or another until the tenth century.

SAINT ELFLEDA was a real person. Born in 714, she was the sister of King Osway of Northumbria. A nun, she eventually became abbess at Whitby convent and played an important role in church affairs.

For information about the saints referred to in the story, see www.catholic.org/saints/

DISCUSSION GUIDE.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS.

ACTIVITY ONE: PROVERBS.

ACTIVITY TWO: FABLES.

GLOSSARY.

AN INTERVIEW WITH AVI.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS.

1. How does the author establish a sense of time and place in this book? What are the images, the smells, the sounds that come into your mind as you think about Fulworth, Thorston's workroom, the apothecary's shop, and the churchyard?2. "It is not death I fear, but life," says Sybil in 3:9. What does she mean by this statement? Avi's central theme is clearly stated in the proverb at the beginning: "A life unlived is like a book without words." Describe how Sybil's att.i.tude toward life changes throughout the book.3. Odo and Sybil learn that "magic takes what it gives." What is another way of saying that in today's terms? Why is this point so important to the story? How is this idea of magic different from magic you have encountered in other stories?4. Reread the monk's tale in 3:16 about the Book Without Words and how the book came into Thorston's possession. Where do you think Brother Wilfrid spent the intervening years? Imagine how he must have searched for Thorston, where he must have gone, and what he must have had to endure.5. Compare Alfric and Damian. Both have green eyes, but they respond to the temptations of the Book Without Words very differently. What do they have in common? Why do their fates differ so much?6. "The law is hard, it is the law." Why is this phrase repeated so often by Master Bashcroft? How does he use its message in his interactions with the community and how he sees himself?7. Language has a power all its own in The Book Without Words. The Book Without Words. Latin from the mouth of the reeve justifies his actions. Magic words from the beak of a talking raven cause skulls to rise and hard objects to turn into water. What are other examples of the power of words? Latin from the mouth of the reeve justifies his actions. Magic words from the beak of a talking raven cause skulls to rise and hard objects to turn into water. What are other examples of the power of words?8. What were your first thoughts on seeing the name of the book? What expectations did it raise? How did the story meet, change, or dash those expectations?

ACTIVITY ONE: PROVERBS PROVERBS.

Proverbs are brief adages that speak truths. Odo, in particular, is given to saying proverbs at both appropriate (and very inappropriate) times. Alfric offers the occasional well-timed proverb as he becomes more at home. Review the proverbs below, find more, and then try to create your own proverbs. A proverb has these three elements: brevity, relevance, and cleverness.

"A fool is the first to think himself wise and the last to know it isn't so."-Odo (Chapter 2:1)"The lengthier the life, the more locked the lip."-Odo (2:9)"Death is part of life."-Odo (3:11)"Live long enough, and all become orphans."

-Odo (3:11) "The shorter the sermon, the longer the truth."

-Alfric (3:11) "Time is like an oxcart wheel-it has no end or beginning but only rolls."-Alfric (3:18)"A sniff of gold makes all noses sneeze."-Odo (3:18)"A life unlived is like a book without words."

-Epigraph

ACTIVITY TWO: FABLES FABLES.

Fables have been a popular and powerful way to tell stories since ancient times. As Avi describes in his notes, a fable is "a supernatural tale in which animals speak and act like human beings ... meant to exemplify a useful truth." The most famous fables of all were written by Aesop in ancient Greece. Review one or two of Aesop's fables and discuss how The The Book Without Words Book Without Words fits the definition of a fable. Ask students to write a fable of their own by first coming up with the useful truth and then devising an appropriate story. Have the students either read them aloud or work in small groups to present their fables dramatically. fits the definition of a fable. Ask students to write a fable of their own by first coming up with the useful truth and then devising an appropriate story. Have the students either read them aloud or work in small groups to present their fables dramatically.

GLOSSARY.

ALCHEMY: a medieval science devoted to the transformation of base metals into gold, the discovery of the cure for all disease, and the discovery of a means for indefinitely prolonging life a medieval science devoted to the transformation of base metals into gold, the discovery of the cure for all disease, and the discovery of a means for indefinitely prolonging life APOTHECARY: one who prepares and sells medicines BRAZIER: a pan for holding burning coals FULWORTH: a fictional town in Northumbria MANX CAT: a breed of cat distinguished most by its lack of a tail MONASTERY: a house for members of a religious order MONK: a man who is a member of a religious order MORTAR AND PESTLE: tools of an apothecary for the preparation of medicines NORTHUMBRIA: one of the ancient realms of Britain, often besieged by the Vikings. Northumbria lies in modern-day northern England one of the ancient realms of Britain, often besieged by the Vikings. Northumbria lies in modern-day northern England REEVE: a local administrator of an Anglo-Saxon king (the word "sheriff" derives from "shire reeve") SPIKENARD: a fragrant ointment of the ancients a fragrant ointment of the ancients

AN INTERVIEW WITH AVI.

What was most challenging about writing this book?

This was an extraordinarily difficult book to write due to a number of things. It had to do with, in part, one of my first thoughts on winning the Newbery: the next one must really be good! Then I showed my publisher the book too quickly-I do so many revisions and so many changes. For example, when I first wrote Crispin: The Cross of Lead Crispin: The Cross of Lead, there was no lead cross in the story.

Since the rewriting is so important, what is the most vital thing you added late in the process?

It now opens with a proverb-"A life unlived is like a book without words." That was the last thing I wrote.

You describe the book as a fable. Why?

It is not a novel. It meets all the qualifications to be a fable: it is moral, fantastical, the animals speak.

How is this fable similar to historical fiction, like Crispin: The Cross of Lead? Crispin: The Cross of Lead?

Fantasy is very close to historical fiction. You have to create a physical reality and sensibility that is fairly complete. Fantastic realism, as a term, has always appealed to me. While I admire the fantasy, I find it more interesting to embed the fantasy within the context of reality. In terms of my readers, it's a little easier to absorb a notion that's also domestic, rather than castles and flying beasts and that sort.

How did you come up with the character names in The Book Without Words? The Book Without Words?

Names are so powerful in a story, particularly when you write this kind of story that derives from a specific period. Sybil is such a pretty name and for the heroine, I wanted something slightly esoteric but not terribly difficult. I have books of names and I check them. Alfric has a hint of magic about him. And yes, the suggestion of Alfred the Great was deliberate. Saint Elfleda is a real person, of course.

How did you come up with the t.i.tle of the book?

The Book Without Words-it seemed fun. It's a contradiction. It's not my phrase-when I was reading up on alchemy, I found references to a book without words that was deliberately fraudulent. It's like someone saying, "Since you can't read it and I can, that's proof it's magic."

Have you ever seen something like a book without words?

Years and years ago I came across a book that I've always regretted I never bought. It was by an Italian who created this incredibly ill.u.s.trated book and invented an alphabet. Every page was covered with this invented alphabet but no real words.

Yes, it's kind of like the emperor's new clothes. And there's plenty of humor in The Book Without Words The Book Without Words as well. as well.

The central part of the book is the first burial scene: it's both funny and awful at the same point. And Odo (the talking raven) was especially fun to write about. His proverbs are so witty and Oscar Wilde-like. In fact, the book as a whole seems like it could easily be dramatized. It's very theatrical-so much of it takes place in that one house. As I was writing it, I saw it as a stage play.

And proverbs demonstrate an idea. Think about the first proverb: "A life unlived is like a book without words." Thorston lived only to live, and Sybil is determined to live without the magic. She has seen that magic takes what it gives.

To learn more about Avi, check out his Web site at www.avi-writer.com.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR.

An amazingly versatile writer, Avi is the author of over fifty books for young people ranging from mystery, adventure, and fantasy to ghost stories, animal tales, and easy readers-and, of course, historical fiction. The True The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyle Confessions of Charlotte Doyle and and Nothing But Nothing But the Truth the Truth each garnered Avi a prestigious Newbery Honor Award from the American Library a.s.sociation. each garnered Avi a prestigious Newbery Honor Award from the American Library a.s.sociation.

Crispin: The Cross of Lead won the 2003 Newbery Medal, the highest honor bestowed in children's literature. Starr LaTronica, chair of the 2003 Newbery Award Selection Committee, says of this work, "Avi masterfully weaves meticulously researched period details into a story that will leave contemporary readers breathless. Vivid descriptions of the indignities of daily life and injustices of the fourteenth century immerse the reader immediately into feudal society and propel the characters through the politics that led to the Peasant Revolt of 1381. Crispin's experiences and his relationship with Bear provide a credible, firsthand account of those turbulent times and offer an auspicious opportunity to discuss current social issues that parallel those of the plot." won the 2003 Newbery Medal, the highest honor bestowed in children's literature. Starr LaTronica, chair of the 2003 Newbery Award Selection Committee, says of this work, "Avi masterfully weaves meticulously researched period details into a story that will leave contemporary readers breathless. Vivid descriptions of the indignities of daily life and injustices of the fourteenth century immerse the reader immediately into feudal society and propel the characters through the politics that led to the Peasant Revolt of 1381. Crispin's experiences and his relationship with Bear provide a credible, firsthand account of those turbulent times and offer an auspicious opportunity to discuss current social issues that parallel those of the plot."

Even with all of his literary achievements, Avi remains well grounded, and his love for writing is unwavering. He offers these words of encouragement to young writers: "Listen and watch the world around you. Try to understand why things happen. Don't be satisfied with answers others give you. Don't a.s.sume that because everyone believes a thing that it is right. Reason things out for yourself. Work to get answers on your own. Understand why you believe things. Finally, write what you honestly feel, then learn from the criticism that will always come your way."

AVI is the author of more than fifty books for children and young adults, including the 2003 Newbery Medal winner, is the author of more than fifty books for children and young adults, including the 2003 Newbery Medal winner, Crispin: The Cross Crispin: The Cross of Lead of Lead, and its sequel, Crispin: At the Edge of the World Edge of the World. He has won two Newbery Honors and many other awards for his fiction. Avi lives with his family in Denver.