Socialism and Democracy in Europe - Part 39
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Part 39

(_a_) Nomination of delegates in equal numbers by the landowners, farmers, and laborers.

(_b_) Intervention of the Chambers in individual or collective disputes between landowners, farmers, and agricultural workers.

(_c_) Fixing of a minimum wage by the public authorities on the proposition of the Agricultural Courts.

2. _Regulation of contracts to pay farm-rents._

(_a_) Fixing of the rate of farm-rents by Committees of Arbitration or by the reformed Agricultural Courts.

(_b_) Compensation to the outgoing farmer for enhanced value of property.

(_c_) Partic.i.p.ation of landowners, to a wider extent than that fixed by the Civil Code, in losses incurred by farmers.

(_d_) Suppression of the landowner's privilege.

3. _Insurance by the provinces, and reinsurance by the State, against epizootic diseases, diseases of plants, hail, floods, and other agricultural risks._

4. _Organization by the public authorities of a free agricultural education._

Creation or development of experimental fields, model farms, agricultural laboratories.

5. _Purchase by the communes of agricultural implements to be at the disposal of their inhabitants._

a.s.signment of common lands to groups of laborers engaging not to employ wage labor.

6. _Organization of a free medical service in the country._

7. _Reform of the Game Laws._

(_a_) Suppression of gun licenses.

(_b_) Suppression of game preserves.

(_c_) Right of cultivators to destroy all the year round animals which injure crops.

8. _Intervention of public authorities in the creation of agricultural co-operative societies--_

(_a_) For buying seed and manure.

(_b_) For making b.u.t.ter.

(_c_) For the purchase and use in common of agricultural machines.

(_d_) For the sale of produce.

(_e_) For the working of land by groups.

9. _Organization of agricultural credit._

III.--COMMUNAL PROGRAM

1. _Educational reforms._

(_a_) Free scientific instruction for children up to fourteen. Special courses for older children and adults.

(_b_) Organization of education in trades and industries, in co-operation with workmen's organizations.

(_c_) Maintenance of children; except where the public authorities intervene to do so.

(_d_) Inst.i.tution of school refreshment-rooms. Periodical distribution of boots and clothing.

(_e_) Orphanages. Establishments for children abandoned or cruelly ill-treated.

2. _Judicial reforms._

Office for consultations free of charge in cases coming before the law-courts, the industrial courts, etc.

3. _Regulation of work._

(_a_) Minimum wage and maximum working-day to be made a clause in contracts for communal works.

(_b_) Intervention of trade a.s.sociations in the fixing of rates of wages, and general regulation of industry. The Echevin of Public Works to supervise the execution of these clauses in contracts.

(_c_) Appointment by the workmen's a.s.sociations of inspectors to supervise the clauses in contracts.

(_d_) Rigorous application of the principle of tenders open to all, for all services which, during a transition-period, are not managed directly.

(_e_) Permission to trade-unions to tender, and abolition of security-deposit.

(_f_) Creation of _Bourses du Travail_, or at least offices for the demand and supply of employment, whose administration shall be entrusted to trade-unions or labor a.s.sociations.

(_g_) Fixing of a minimum wage for the workmen and employees of a commune.

4. _Public charity._

(_a_) Admission of workmen to the administration of the councils of hospitals and of public charity.

(_b_) Transformation of public charity and the hospitals into a system of insurance against old age. Organization of a medical service and drug supply. Establishment of public free baths and wash-houses.

(_c_) Establishment of refuges for the aged and disabled.

Night-shelter and food-distribution for workmen wandering in search of work.

5. _Complete neutrality of all communal services from the philosophical point of view._

6. _Finance._

(_a_) Saving to be effected on present cost of administration. Maximum allowance of 6,000 francs for mayors and other officials. Costs of entertainment for mayors who must incur certain private expenses.