3. CROSSING OF TEMPERAMENTS AND NATIONALITIES.--The crossing of temperaments and nationalities beautifies offspring. If young persons of different nationalities marry, their children under proper hygienic laws are generally handsome and healthy. For instance, an American and German or an Irish and German uniting in marriage, produces better looking children than those marrying in the same nationality. Persons of different temperaments uniting in marriage, always produces a good effect upon offspring.

4. THE PROPER TIME.--To obtain the best results, conception should take place only when both parties are in the best physical condition. If either parent is in any way indisposed at the time of conception the results will be seen in the health of the child. Many children brought in the world with diseases or other infirmities stamped upon their feeble frames show the indiscretion and ignorance of parents.

5. DURING PREGNANCY.--During pregnancy the mother should take time for self improvement and cultivate an interest for admiring beautiful pictures or engravings which represent cheerful and beautiful figures. Secure a few good books ill.u.s.trating art, with some fine representations of statues and other attractive pictures. The purchase of several ill.u.s.trated art journals might answer the purpose.

6. WHAT TO AVOID.--Pregnant mothers should avoid thinking of ugly people, or those marked by any deformity or disease; avoid injury, fright and disease of any kind. Also avoid ungraceful position and awkward att.i.tude, but cultivate grace and beauty in herself. Avoid difficulty with neighbors or other trouble.

7. GOOD CARE.--She should keep herself in good physical condition, and the system well nourished, as a want of food always injures the child.

8. THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE MIND.--The mother should read suitable articles in newspapers or good books, keep her mind occupied. If she cultivates a desire for intellectual improvement, the same desire will be more or less manifested in the growth and development of the child. {290}

9. LIKE PRODUCES LIKE, everywhere and always--in general forms and in particular features--in mental qualities and in bodily conditions--in tendencies of thought and in habits of action. Let this grand truth be deeply impressed upon the hearts of all who desire or expect to become parents.

10. HEREDITY.--Male children generally inherit the peculiar traits and diseases of the mother and female children those of the father.

11. ADVICE.--"Therefore it is urged that during the period of utero-gestation, especial pains should be taken to render the life of the female as harmonious as possible, that her surroundings should all be of a nature calculated to inspire the mind with thoughts of physical and mental beauties and perfections, and that she should be guarded against all influences, of whatever character, having a deteriorating tendency."

[Ill.u.s.tration]

{292}

Education of the Child in the Womb.

"A lady once interviewed a prominent college president and asked him when the education of a child should begin. 'Twenty-five years before it is born,' was the prompt reply."

No better answer was ever given to that question. Every mother may well consider it.

[Ill.u.s.tration: THE BEAUTIFUL b.u.t.tERFLY.]

1. THE UNBORN CHILD AFFECTED BY THE THOUGHTS AND THE SURROUNDINGS OF THE MOTHER.--That the child is affected in the womb of the mother, through the influences apparently connected with objects by which she is surrounded, appears to have been well known in ancient days, as well as at the present time.

2. EVIDENCES.--Many evidences are found in ancient history, especially among the refined nations, showing that certain expedients were resorted to by which their females, during the period of utero-gestation, were surrounded by the superior refinements of the age, with the hope of thus making upon them impressions which should have the effect of communicating certain desired qualities to the offspring. For this reason apartments were adorned with statuary and paintings, and special pains were taken not only to convey favorable impressions, but also to guard against unfavorable ones being made, upon the mind of the pregnant woman.

3. HANKERING AFTER GIN.--A certain mother while pregnant, longed for gin, which could not be gotten; and her child cried incessantly for six weeks till gin was given it, which it eagerly clutched and drank with ravenous greediness, stopped crying, and became healthy.

4. BEGIN TO EDUCATE CHILDREN AT CONCEPTION, and continue during their entire carriage. Yet maternal study, of little account before the sixth, after it, is most promotive of talents; which, next to goodness are the father's joy and the mother's pride. What pains are taken after they are born, to render them prodigies of learning, by the best of schools and teachers from their third year; whereas their mother's study, three months before their birth, would improve their intellects infinitely more.

5. MOTHERS, DOES G.o.d THUS PUT the endowment of your darlings into your moulding power? Then tremble in view of its necessary responsibilities, and learn how to wield them for their and your temporal and eternal happiness.

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6. QUALITIES OF THE MIND.--The qualities of the mind are perhaps as much liable to hereditary transmission as bodily configuration.

[Ill.u.s.tration]

Memory, intelligence, judgment, imagination, pa.s.sions, diseases, and what is usually called genius, are often very markedly traced in the offspring.--I have known mental impressions forcibly impressed upon the offspring at the time of conception, as concomitant of some peculiar eccentricity, idiosyncracy, morbidness, waywardness, irritability, or proclivity of either one or both parents.

7. THE PLASTIC BRAIN.--The plastic brain of the foetus is prompt to receive all impressions. It retains them, and they become the characteristics of the child and the man. Low spirits, violent pa.s.sions, irritability, frivolity, in the pregnant woman, leave indelible marks on the unborn child.

8. FORMATION OF CHARACTER.--I believe that pre-natal influences may do as much in the formation of character as all the education that can come after, and that mothers may, in a measure, "will," what that influence shall be, and that, as knowledge on the subject increases, it will be more and more under their control. In that, as in everything else, things that would be possible with one mother would not be with another, and measures that would be successful with one would produce opposite results from the other.

9. A HISTORICAL ILl.u.s.tRATION.--A woman rode side by side with her soldier husband, and witnessed the drilling of troops for battle. The scene inspired her with a deep longing to see a battle and share in the excitements of the {294} conquerors. This was but a few months before her boy was born, and his name was Napoleon.

10. A MUSICIAN.--The following was reported by Dr. F. W. Moffatt, in the mother's own language: "When I was first pregnant, I wished my offspring to be a musician, so, during the period of that pregnancy, settled my whole mind on music, and attended every musical entertainment I possibly could. I had my husband, who has a violin, to play for me by the hour. When the child was born, it was a girl, which grew and prospered, and finally became an expert musician."

11. MURDEROUS INTENT.--The mother of a young man, who was hung not long ago, was heard to say: "I tried to get rid of him before he was born; and, oh, how I wish now that I had succeeded!" She added that it was the only time she had attempted anything of the sort; but, because of home troubles, she became desperate, and resolved that her burdens should not be made any greater. Does it not seem probable that the murderous intent, even though of short duration, was communicated to the mind of the child, and resulted in the crime for which he was hung?

12. THE a.s.sa.s.sIN OF GARFIELD.--Guiteau's father was a man of integrity and considerable intellectual ability. His children were born in quick succession, and the mother was obliged to work very hard. Before this child was born, she resorted to every means, though unsuccessful, to produce abortion. The world knows the result. Guiteau's whole life was full of contradictions. There was little self-controlling power in him; no common sense, and not a vestige of remorse or shame. In his wild imagination, he believed himself capable of doing the greatest work, and of filling the loftiest station in life. Who will dare question that this mother's effort to destroy him while in embryo was the main cause in bringing him to the level of the brutes?

13. CAUTION.--Any attempt, on the part of the mother, to destroy her child before birth, is liable, if unsuccessful, to produce murderous tendencies.

Even harboring murderous thoughts, whether toward her own child or not, might be followed by similar results.

"The great King of kings Hath in the table of His law commanded That thou shalt do no murder. Wilt thou, then, Spurn at His edict, and fulfill a man's?

Take heed, for He holds vengeance in His hand To hurl upon their heads that break his law."--RICHARD III., _Act 1._

{295}

How to Calculate the Time of Expected Labor.

[Ill.u.s.tration: The Embryo In Sixty Days.]

1. The table on the opposite page has been very accurately compiled, and will be very helpful to those who desire the exact time.

2. The duration of pregnancy is from 278 to 280 days, or nearly forty weeks. The count should be made from the beginning of the last menstruation, and add eight days on account of the possibility of it occurring within that period The heavier the child the longer is the duration; the younger the woman the longer time it often requires. The duration is longer in married than in unmarried women; the duration is liable to be longer if the child is a female.

3. MOVEMENT.--The first movement is generally felt on the 135th day after impregnation.

4. GROWTH OF THE EMBRYO.--About the twentieth day the embryo resembles the appearance of an ant or lettuce seed; the 30th day the embryo is as large as a common horse fly; the 40th day the form resembles that of a person; in sixty days the limbs begin to form, and in four months the embryo takes the name of foetus.

5. Children born after seven or eight months can survive and develop to maturity.

{296}

DURATION OF PREGNANCY.

DIRECTIONS.--Find in the upper horizontal line the date on which the last menstruation ceased; the figure beneath gives the date of expected confinement (280 days).

________________________________________________________________

Jan.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Oct.

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Feb.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Nov.

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Mar.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Dec.

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Apr.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Jan.

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

May

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Feb.

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

June

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Mar.

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

July

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Apr.

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Aug.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

May

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 21 22 23 24 25 26

Sept.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

June

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 21 22 23 24 25 26

Oct.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

July

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Nov.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Aug.

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Dec.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Sep.

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________ Jan.

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Oct.

27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Nov.

Feb.

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Nov.

27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5

Dec.

Mar.

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 30 31

Dec.

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5

Jan.

Apr.

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Jan.

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5

Feb.

May

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Feb.

24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Mar.

June

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Mar.

27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6

Apr.

July

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Apr.

26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6

May

Aug.

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

May

27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

June

Sept.

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

June

27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

July

Oct.

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

July

27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Aug.

Nov.

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Aug.

27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6

Sep.

Dec.

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 23 29 30 31

Sep.

26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Oct.

_________________________________________________

[Ill.u.s.tration: _"The House We Live In" for nine months: showing the ample room provided by Nature when uncontracted by inherited inferiority of form or artificial dressing._]