VERVINS, the Treaty of, i. 48, 56.

VETTORI, Francesco, i. 33.

VIRGIL, Ta.s.so's admiration of, ii. 25; translations and adaptations from, 98.

VISCONTI, the dynasty of, i. 8.

---Valentina, grandmother of Louis XII. of France, i. 8.

VITELLI, Alessandro, i. 46.

VITELLOZZI, Vitellozzo, influence of, in the reform of Church music, ii. 325.

VITI, Michele, one of the a.s.sa.s.sins of Sarpi, ii. 212.

'VOCERO,' the, i. 332.

VOLTERRA, Bebo da, a.s.sociate of Bibboni in the murder of Lorenzino de'Medici, i. 390 _sqq._

VULGATE, the: results of its being declared inviolable, i. 210.

W

WALDENSIANS in Calabria, the, i. 188.

WITCHCRAFT, chiefly confined to the mountain regions of Italy, i. 425; mainly used as a weapon of malice, _ib._; details of the sorcery practised by Giacomo Centini, 425 _sqq._

WIFE-MURDERS in Italy in the sixteenth century, i. 380 _sq._, 385.

X

XAVIER, Francis, a.s.sociate of Ignatius Loyola, i. 239; his work as a Jesuit in Portugal, 256; his mission to the Indies, 260.

XIMENES, Cardinal, as Inquisitor General, i. 182.

Z

ZANETTI, Guido, delivered over to the Roman Inquisition, i. 145.

RENAISSANCE IN ITALY

_THE CATHOLIC REACTION_

In Two Parts

BY

JOHN ADDINGTON SYMONDS

_'Il mondo invecchia, E invecchiando intristisce_'

Ta.s.sO, _Aminta_, Act 2, sc. 2

PART II

NEW YORK HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY

1887 _AUTHOR'S EDITION_

CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME.

CHAPTER VII.

TORQUATO Ta.s.sO.

Ta.s.so's Relation to his Age--Balbi on that Period--The Life of Bernardo Ta.s.so--Torquato's Boyhood--Sorrento, Naples, Rome, Urbino--His first Glimpse of the Court--Student Life at Padua and Bologna--The _Rinaldo_--Dialogues on Epic Poetry--Enters the Service of Cardinal d'Este--The Court of Ferrara--Alfonso II. and the Princesses--Problem of Ta.s.so's Love--Goes to France with Cardinal d'Este--Enters the Service of Duke Alfonso--The _Aminta_--Ta.s.so at Urbino--Return to Ferrara--Revision of the _Gerusalemme_--Jealousies at Court--Ta.s.so's Sense of His own Importance--Plans a Change from Ferrara to Florence--First Symptoms of Mental Disorder--Persecutions of the Ferrarese Courtiers--Ta.s.so confined as a Semi-madman--Goes with Duke Alfonso to Belriguardo--Flies in Disguise from Ferrara to Sorrento--Returns to Court Life at Ferrara--Problem of his Madness--Flies again--Mantua, Venice, Urbino, Turin--Returns once more to Ferrara--Alfonso's Third Marriage--Ta.s.so's Discontent--Imprisoned for Seven Years in the Madhouse of S. Anna--Character of Ta.s.so--Character of Duke Alfonso--Nature of the Poet's Malady--His Course of Life in Prison--Released at the Intercession of Vincenzo Gonzaga--Goes to Mantua--The _Torrismondo_--An Odyssey of Nine Years--Death at Sant Onofrio in Rome--Constantini's Sonnet

CHAPTER VIII.

THE "GERUSALEMME LIBERATA."

Problem of Creating Heroic Poetry--The Preface to Ta.s.so's _Rinaldo_--Subject of _Rinaldo_--Blending of Romantic Motives with Heroic Style--Imitation of Virgil--Melody and Sentiment--Choice of Theme for the _Gerusalemme_--It becomes a Romantic Poem after all--Tancredi the real Hero--n.o.bility of Tone--Virgilian Imitation--Borrowings from Dante--Involved Diction--Employment of Sonorous Polysyllabic Words--Quality of Religious Emotion in this Poem--Rhetoric--Similes--The Grand Style of Pathos--Verbal Music--The Chant d'Amour--Armida--Ta.s.so's Favorite Phrase, _Un non so che_--His Power over Melody and Tender Feeling--Critique of Ta.s.so's Later Poems--General Survey of his Character

CHAPTER IX.

GIORDANO BRUNO.

Scientific Bias of the Italians checked by Catholic Revival--Boyhood of Bruno--Enters Order of S. Dominic at Naples--Early Accusations of Heresy--Escapes to Rome--Teaches the Sphere at Noli--Visits Venice--At Geneva--At Toulouse--At Paris--His Intercourse with Henri III.--Visits England--The French Amba.s.sador in London--Oxford--Bruno's Literary Work in England--Returns to Paris--Journeys into Germany--Wittenberg, Helmstadt, Frankfort--Invitation to Venice from Giovanni Mocenigo--His Life in Venice--Mocenigo denounces him to the Inquisition--His Trial at Venice--Removal to Rome--Death by Burning in 1600--Bruno's Relation to the Thought of his Age and to the Thought of Modern Europe--Outlines of his Philosophy

CHAPTER X.