[268] _The Minnesota Pioneer_, November 28, 1849.

[269] _Taliaferro's Diary_, February 10, 11, 24, 1831.

[270] George F. Turner to H. H. Sibley, February 11, 1842.--_Sibley Papers, 1840-1850_.

[271] Taliaferro to Street, March 30, 1831.--_Street Papers_, No. 12.

[272] _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. VI, p. 100.

[273] _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. II, p. 112.

[274] Neill's _The History of Minnesota_ (Fourth Edition), p. 920.

General Edmund P. Gaines inspected the post shortly afterwards and reported: "From a conversation with the colonel, I can have no doubt that he has erred in the course pursued by him in reference to some of those controversies, inasmuch as he has intimated to his officers his willingness to sanction, in certain cases, and even to partic.i.p.ate in _personal conflicts_, contrary to the twenty-fifth article of war."--_American State Papers, Military Affairs_, Vol. IV, p. 123.

[275] _Taliaferro's Diary_, March 27, 1831.

CHAPTER VII

[276] Morse's _A Report to the Secretary of War of the United States on Indian Affairs_, pp. 78, 79.

[277] _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. XII, pp. 321, 322.

[278] _Indian Office Files_, 1834, No. 203.

[279] Taliaferro to Clark, August 5, 1830.--_William Clark Papers, Correspondence, 1830-1832_, p. 2.

[280] This description of Indian life is based on Pond's _The Dakotas or Sioux in Minnesota as they were in 1834_ in the _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. XII, pp. 319-501.

[281] The quotations are taken from Beltrami's description of an Indian council which he attended at Fort Snelling in 1823.--Beltrami's _A Pilgrimage in Europe and America_, Vol. II, pp. 217-219.

[282] These are taken from a list which is typical of the character of the presents, among the papers of Thomas Forsyth.--_Draper Ma.n.u.scripts_, 2T2.

[283] _Annals of Congress_, 1st session, 17th Congress, Vol. I, pp. 319, 320.

[284] _Taliaferro's Diary_, February 19, 1831. The speech of the chief closes thus: "We know you have nothing on hand for your children, but we hope you will give us some Pork & Bread & a little Tobacco--as our pipes are out & have been for some time our old men will be pleased." The village of the Red Head was St. Louis, the Red Head being General William Clark, the superintendent of Indian affairs.

[285] "The Crane and the Hole in the Day--and other Chippeways at the Agency this day--Several Sissiton Sioux also at the Agency. Issued 24 Rats Bread 20 pounds of Pork--15 lbs. of tobacco."--_Taliaferro's Diary_, January 23, 1831. See also the diary under the dates of December 24, 1830, January 13, 17, 1831.

[286] Ca.s.s to Taliaferro, July 28, 1825.--_Taliaferro Letters_, Vol. I, No. 57.

[287] _Taliaferro's Diary_, July 19, 1834.

[288] _United States Statutes at Large_, Vol. IV, p. 738.

[289] _Taliaferro's Diary_, March 4, 1831.

[290] Taliaferro to Harris, February 21, 1838.--_Indian Office Files_, 1838, No. 631.

[291] For the suffering during the winter of 1842-1843 and the steps taken to relieve it see the letter from Dr. Williamson in the _Missionary Herald_, Vol. 39, p. 355, September, 1843; and Bruce to Chambers, April 3, 1843, in _Indian Office Files_, 1843, No. 222.

[292] Taliaferro to Dodge, June 30, 1838.--_Indian Office Files_, 1838, No. 690.

[293] Taliaferro to Clark, March 3, 1831.--_William Clark Papers, Correspondence, 1830-1832_, p. 129.

[294] Taliaferro to Clark, September 14, 1834.--_Indian Office Files_, 1834, No. 206.

[295] _Taliaferro's Diary_, July 7, 1834.

[296] _Taliaferro's Diary_, December 25, 1830.

[297] _Taliaferro's Diary_, June 28, 30, 1834. On January 17, 1831, he gave a blanket in which to bury a woman.

[298] _Indian Office Files_, 1832, Nos. 287, 294, 295, 296.

[299] _Auto-biography of Maj. Lawrence Taliaferro_ in the _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. VI, p. 236.

[300] Snelling to Taliaferro, November 13, 1820.--_Taliaferro Letters_, Vol. I, No. 21.

[301] Found among the _Sibley Papers, 1830-1840_.

[302] Taliaferro to Ca.s.s, March 3, 1832.--_Indian Office Files_, 1832, No. 289.

[303] Taliaferro to Clark, July 15, 1831.--_William Clark Papers, Correspondence, 1830-1832_, p. 235.

[304] _Post Returns_, April, May, 1834, July, 1835, in the archives of the War Department, Washington, D. C.

[305] "These warriors of Mr. Rainville's were constantly with me, for they knew that I was an English warrior, as they called me, and they are very partial to the English."--Marryat's _A Diary in America_, Vol. II, p. 91. Captain Marryat, the English novelist, visited the upper Mississippi region in 1837.

"Many and strong are the recollections of the Sioux and other tribes, of their alliance with the British in the last and revolutionary wars, of which I have met many curious instances".--Catlin's _Letters and Notes on the Manners, Customs, and Condition of the North American Indians_, Vol. II, p. 657, footnote.

[306] _Niles' Register_, Vol. XXVI, p. 363, July 31, 1824; Vol. LIII, p.

33, September 16, 1837.

[307] Marryat'a _A Diary in America_, Vol. III, pp. 221, 222.

[308] _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. XII, p. 320.

[309] _Niles' Register_, Vol. LIII, p. 82, October 7, 1837.

[310] Snelling to Taliaferro, October 19, 1824.--_Taliaferro Letters_, Vol. I, No. 50.

[311] _Taliaferro's Diary_, March 18, 1831.

[312] _Taliaferro's Diary_, March 11, 1831.

[313] Taliaferro to Clark, April 3, 1831.--_William Clark Papers, Correspondence_, 1830-1832, p. 161.