[38] _New York Sun_, January 21, 1917.

=WEDDING=

Miss Celia Cravis, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Myer

Cravis, of 1817 North Thirty-second Street, became

the bride of Harry Ca.s.sman, of Atlantic City,

Thursday. The ceremony was performed at 6:30 o'clock

in the evening in the green room of the Adelphi

Hotel by the Rev. Marvin Nathan, a.s.sisted by the

Rev. Armin Rosenberg.

The father of the bride gave her in marriage. Her

gown of white satin was given a frosted effect by

crystal bead embroidery and was made with court

train. Her tulle veil was held by a bandeau of

lilies of the valley. A white prayer book was

carried and also a bouquet of orchids, gardenias and

lilies of the valley.

The maid of honor was Miss Katherine Abrahams,

wearing blue satin trimmed with silver. She carried

a double shower bouquet of tea roses and lilies of

the valley, and a yellow ostrich feather fan, the

gift of the bride.

The bridesmaids, Miss Estelle Freeman, Miss Tillie

Greenhouse, Miss Estelle Sacks and Miss Leonore

Printz, were dressed in frocks of different pastel

shades, ranging white, pink, blue and violet. Each

carried a basket of roses and a pink feather fan.

Miss Madeline Cravis and Miss Sylvia Gravan, the

flower girls, wore pink and carried baskets of pink

roses.

Herbert W. Salus acted as best man. The ushers were

Lewis E. Stern and Walter Hanstein, of Atlantic

City; I. S. Cravis and Henry Gotlieb.

A reception for about 250 guests followed the

ceremony. After a tour of the South, Mr. and Mrs.

Ca.s.sman will be at 217 South Seaside Avenue,

Atlantic City.[39]

[39] _Philadelphia Public Ledger_, December 17, 1916.

=TEAS, DINNERS, LUNCHEONS=

Miss Alice Williams, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Edward

T. Williams, was presented to society yesterday

afternoon at a tea in the home of her parents, 1901

Eighteenth Street. Miss Williams was born in

Shanghai, China, during her father's connection with

the United States legation there, and she has lived

most of her life in the Orient. Mr. Williams was

charge d'affaires of the United States at the time

of the recognition of the new Chinese republic. At

the time of the outbreak of the war in Europe Miss

Williams was a student in Paris. Mr. Williams is now

the head of the Bureau of Far Eastern Affairs in the

State Department.

Mrs. Williams presented her daughter, with no

a.s.sistants save three of her daughter's young

friends, Miss Helen Miller, Miss Virginia Puller and

Miss Ethel Christiensen, who presided in the dining

room. The drawing room and dining room were both

transformed into bowers of blossoms, sent to the

debutante, which were charmingly arranged. Mrs.

Miller wore a graceful gown of black net and lace

over black satin. The debutante wore a becoming

costume of rose silk and silver tr.i.m.m.i.n.g and carried

sweet peas a portion of the afternoon, and the bunch

of roses sent by Mrs. Lansing, wife of the Secretary

of State, the rest of the time. Miss Miller and Miss

Christiensen were each in white net and tulle and

Miss Puller wore blue and white.[40]

[40] _Washington Post_, November 26, 1916.

Mrs. Fred Enderly, who has recently returned after a

long absence in the East, was specially honored with

a Halloween birthday dinner given by Mrs. Lottie

Logan, of No. 1532 Ingraham Street Tuesday evening.

The table was in yellow, with a floral center of

chrysanthemums and favors of black cats, diminutive

pumpkin people and other suggestive Halloween

conceits. The guests were whisked up to the

dressing-rooms by a witch, and Mrs. George H.

Rector, attired in somber soothsayer's robes, told

fortunes. Place-cards were written for Mr. and Mrs.

Enderly, Mr. and Mrs. Archibald Hart, Mr. and Mrs.

George Rector, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Henderson, Mr. and

Mrs. George McDaniel, Mrs. Fred Detmer, Miss

Wilhelmina Rector, Miss Talcot, Messrs. Mark Ellis,

Jack Bushnell, L. D. Maescher and O. H. Logan.[41]

[41] _Los Angeles Times_, November 5, 1916.

=RECEPTION=

Mr. and Mrs. Henry V. Black of Broadway, Irvington,

gave a reception this afternoon for their debutante

daughter, Miss Latjerome Black. Receiving with Mrs.

Black were Mrs. P. F. Llewellyn Chambers, Mrs.

Frederick Sayles, Mrs. Charles Coombs, Mrs. Benjamin

Prince, Mrs. Theodosia Bailey, Mrs. Charles Hope,

Miss Caramai Carroll, Miss Dorothy Brown, Mrs.

Robert C. Black and Miss Dorothy Black. Receiving

with Miss Black were the Misses Marion Townsend,

Helen Sayles, Dorothy Clifford, Marion Becker, Helen

Geer, and Genevieve Clendenin. Miss Black wore a

dress of white silk embroidery and pink roses. The

decorations were of autumn leaves and

chrysanthemums.

Among the guests were Dr. and Mrs. Albert Shaw, Mrs.

Edwin Gould, Mrs. Howard Carroll, Mrs. Finley J.

Shepard, Miss Anne Depew Paulding, Mrs. William

Carter, Miss Millette, Mrs. John Luke, Mrs. Adam

Luke, Mrs. H. D. Eastabrook, Mrs. John D. Archbold,

Mrs. Henry Graves, and Dr. and Mrs. D. Russell.[42]

[42] _New York Sun_, September 24, 1915.

=DANCE=

Elaboration of detail marked the oriental ball given

by the Sierra Madre Club at its rooms in the

Investment Building last evening. More than 400

members and guests attended in garb of the Far

East--costumes whose values ran far into the

hundreds. The club rooms were draped in a

bewildering manner with tapestry of the Celestial

Empire and the land of Nippon, and the rugs of

Turkey and Arabia.

It was a most colorful event--sultans robed in many

colors with bejeweled turbans; Chinese mandarins in

long flowing coats; bearded Moors, who danced with

Geisha girls of j.a.pan, gowned in multi-colored

silken kimonos; pet.i.te China maids in silken

pantaloons and bobtailed jackets; Salome dancers of

the East, in baggy bloomers and jeweled corsages,

and harem houris in dazzling draperies.

Preceding the dancing, a remarkable dinner,

featuring the choicest foods of the Orient, was

served by attendants wearing the dress of Chinese

coolies. The rare old syrups of the Orient were

enjoyed by the diners, while the fragrant odor of

burning incense lent an air of subtle mysticism.

Among the 400 guests present were:[43]

[43] _Los Angeles Times_, February 18, 1917.

=CLUB MEETING=

At this week's meeting of the New England Women's

Press a.s.sociation, Miss Helen M. Winslow, chairman

of the programme committee, presented Joseph Edgar

Chamberlin of _The Transcript_, who spoke on "The

Work of Women in Journalism." Mr. Chamberlin gave

many personal reminiscences of women writers whom he

had known in his connection with various

publications. He expressed regret that women are not

doing more in editorial work, as in the earlier

years of their entrance into the newspaper field,

and the belief that it would be of advantage to

journalism and to the public if they gave more

attention to writing of this character rather than

that directed almost exclusively for women's

departments and others of superficial value. Mr.

Chamberlin paid especial compliment to the work of

Margaret Buchanan Sullivan, Jeannette Gilder, Jennie

June Croly and Kate Field. Mr. Chamberlin spoke in

high praise of Miss Cornelia M. Walter (afterward

Mrs. W. B. Richards) who was editor-in-chief and had

full charge of _The Transcript_ from 1842 to 1847.

The executive board voted to co-operate with the

Travelers' Aid Society and Mrs. Ralph M. Kirtland

was elected chairman of the committee to formulate

plans.[44]

[44] _Boston Transcript_, December 9, 1916.

=CHARITY BENEFIT=

On Thursday afternoon at 4 o'clock Mrs. W. K.

Vanderbilt of 660 Fifth Avenue will open her house

for a benefit entertainment in aid of the Appuiaux

Artistes of France. Viscountess de Rancougne is to

give her talk on the work being done in the French

and Belgian hospitals and in the bombarded towns and

villages, ill.u.s.trated with colored slides from

photographs taken by herself. An interesting musical

program also has been arranged for the afternoon,

with Miss Callish, Mr. de Warlich, and Carlos

Salzedo appearing. Mrs. Kenneth Frazier of 58 East

Seventy-eighth Street is receiving applications for

tickets at $5 each. On the Executive Committee are

Kenneth Frazier, Ernest Peixotto, Edwin H.

Blashfield, Charles Dana Gibson, Joseph H. Hunt, and

Janet Scudder. Mrs. W. Bourke c.o.c.kran, Mrs. Howard

Cushing, Mrs. E. H. Harriman, Mrs. Philip M. Lydig,

Mrs. H. P. Whitney, and Miss Grace Bigelow make up

the committee in charge.[45]

[45] _New York Times_, February 20, 1916.

=PERSONALS=

Mrs. Robert R. Livingston and her son, Robert R.

Livingston, have returned from a trip to the Pacific

Coast and are at their town house, 11 Washington

Square North, until they open Northwood, the

Livingston estate near Cheviot-on-Hudson. They spent

about six weeks on the coast.

Mr. and Mrs. C. Oliver Iselin will return to their

country place at Glen Head, L. I., late in April for

the early summer. They are now occupying Hopelands,

their place at Aiken, S. C.

Mrs. and Mr. Francis de R. Wissmann have returned

from a trip of some weeks to San Francisco and have

been at the Gotham for a few days before opening

Adelslea at Throgs Neck, Westchester, for the

summer.

The Rev. Dr. J. Nevett Steele of 122 West

Seventy-sixth Street, vicar of St. Paul's Chapel,

who has been ill with pneumonia since March 13, is

now convalescing and will soon be able to resume his

church duties.

A son was born yesterday to Mr. and Mrs. Theodore

Roosevelt, Jr., at their home, 165 East

Seventy-fourth Street. The child is a grandson of

Col. Theodore Roosevelt and will be named Cornelius

Van Schaick Roosevelt, after his

great-great-grandfather. This is the third child of

Mr. and Mrs. Roosevelt. Their first boy, Theodore

Roosevelt, III, was born June 14, 1914. Mrs.

Roosevelt was Miss Eleanor B. Alexander, daughter of

Mrs. Henry Addison Alexander of 1840 Park Avenue.

=SOCIETY IN PROSPECT AND REVIEW=

Never has a Washington season begun so early as this

one. The middle of December finds the White House

dinners in full sway, the President and Mrs. Wilson

having dined with the Vice President and Mrs.

Marshall, and the first state reception of the

season in the White House due in two days.

President and Mrs. Wilson already have had three

large and formal dinner parties, the first one on

December 7, in honor of Mr. Vance McCormick,

chairman of the Democratic national committee; and

on Tuesday of last week they entertained the Vice

President and the members of the cabinet and their

wives, with a number of other distinguished guests

and a few young people. After this dinner a

programme of music was given in the east room and

the evening was a charming success. The First Lady

of the Land never was more lovely than she was on

this occasion. The President's niece, Miss Alice

Wilson, of Baltimore, came over with her father for

the evening. Miss Nataline Dulles, niece of Mrs.

Lansing, made her first appearance at a state

dinner, and Miss Margaret Wilson and Miss Bones were

among the guests. On Thursday evening the visiting

governors, former governors and governors-elect here

for the conference this week, and their wives, were

dined, with an interesting company. Friday evening

the Vice President and Mrs. Marshall gave their

annual dinner to the President and his wife, and had

a senatorial company to meet them.

The debutantes are in the full splendor of their

glory, and the next three weeks will give them a

supreme test of endurance, for luncheons, teas,

dinners and dances not only follow one another

closely, but pile up, with several in a day and not

one to be neglected. There are no diplomatic buds,

no cabinet buds, and few army, navy and

congressional buds. But it is a strong residential

year, with a number of debutantes in the smartest

and most exclusive of the substantial old families.

During the Christmas holidays the buds of the

future, some of a year hence, others of two years,

are vying with the older girls for busy days, and

the social calendar shows scarcely a resting moment

from the day they come home from school until they

rush back to their studies in time to reach the

first recitation cla.s.s. And as for beauty sleep,

there will be none. There will not be a night during

the Christmas vacation when this younger set will

not be dancing. Time was when dinner parties were

composed of elderly, or at least middle-aged, people

only, but now even the near-debutantes and their

circle have a steady round of "dining out," with no

fear of being considered "along in years," for there

are dinners for all ages.

Washington has given three of her most

distinguished, most beautiful and most popular girls

to foreign lands within two months, two of them

having become princesses and the third a baroness.

The first to wed was Miss Margaret Draper, heiress

to several millions of her father's estate. She is

now Princess Boncompagni of Rome, and her mother is

now just about joining her and the prince in Paris,

the three to proceed to the prince's home in Rome,

where they will spend Christmas together, after

which the prince will return to duty with his

regiment.

The second of these brides of foreigners was Miss

Catherine Birney, daughter of the late Mr. and Mrs.

Theodore V. Birney, who was married December 2 to

Baron von Schoen, of the German emba.s.sy staff, and

is just back now from the wedding trip. They

returned for the marriage of Miss Catherine Britton

to the Prince zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfuerst, of the

Austro-Hungarian emba.s.sy staff. Baron and Baroness

von Schoen will spend Christmas with the latter's

sister, with whom she has made her home since the

death of her parents, and then they will proceed to

Mexico, whence the baron has been transferred.

The marriage of Miss Britton and Prince zu Hohenlohe

was not unexpected, but the wedding date was hurried

about three months, the prince becoming an impatient

wooer. He was a.s.signed to duty at the

Austro-Hungarian consulate in the summer and agreed

to remain away for a year. He stood it as long as he

could, and then returned to claim his bride. The

consent of the prince's family has not been

forthcoming, but the marriage has the sanction of

the emba.s.sy, presumably by order of the new emperor,

and it was a happy wedding scene. The bride is one

of the famous beauties of Washington society. She

was never lovelier than in her singularly simple

wedding gown of satin with pearl tr.i.m.m.i.n.gs, tulle

sleeves, and enormous wedding veil.

Society is dancing its way through the season. The

fever is making inroads even upon the incessant

auction-bridge playing, and he or she who neither

dances nor plays auction has a dull time of it.

Washington society is rather methodical in its

dancing. Monday nights are given up to the

subscription dances at the Playhouse, and another

set at the Willard. Tuesday night the army dances

are given at the Playhouse. On Wednesdays are the

regular Chevy Chase Club dinner dances, and on

Thursdays are those at the Navy Club. On Friday

nights, beginning on January 5, will be the ten

subscription dances at the Willard, and on Sat.u.r.day

nights there are dances everywhere. The private

dances are scattered all through, afternoons and

evenings, until there is scarcely a date left vacant

on the calendar until Ash Wednesday.[46]

[46] _Washington Post_, December 17, 1916.

=256. Clubs.=--The particular attention of the prospective society editor may be called to club news. The work in literature, education, community betterment, general social relief, and kindred subjects now being undertaken by women's clubs is sometimes phenomenal and offers to live society editors a vast undeveloped field for constructive news. Too frequently the society page is filled with dull six-point routine, forbidding in style and still more forbidding in content, when it might be made alive with buoyancy and interest by added attention to new studies and interests in the women's clubs. What the women are doing in their study of the garbage question, in their campaigns against flies, in their efforts to provide comforts for unprivileged slum children,--such topics, properly featured and given attractive individual heads, may be made interesting to a large percentage of the intelligent women in the community and may be made instrumental in building up a strong, constructive department in the paper.

=257. Typographical Style.=--The prospective society editor will find it well, however, to study and to follow at first the typographical style of the society column in her paper. Some newspapers run each wedding, engagement, or social affair under a separate head. Others group all society stories under the general head of _Society_, indicating the different social functions, no matter how long the write-ups, only by new paragraphs. Sometimes this necessitates paragraphs a half-column long. In preparing lists of names in society reports, the editor should group like names and t.i.tles together. That is, she should group together the married couples, then the married women whose names appear alone, then the unmarried women, and finally the men. An ill.u.s.tration is the following:

Among the several hundred guests were Mr. and Mrs.

S. Bryce Wing, Mr. and Mrs. Felix D. Doubleday, Mr.

and Mrs. Lewis Gouvernour Morris....

Among the debutantes and other young women present

were Misses Gretchen Blaine Damrosch, Priscilla

Peabody, Irene Langhorne Gibson, Rosalie G.

Bloodgood....

The young men present included Messrs. Lester

Armour, Edward M. McIlvaine, Jr., Edgar Allan Poe,

William Carrington Stettinius, Nelson Doubleday,

Herbert Pulitzer....

=258. Spurious Announcements.=--A word may be said in conclusion about getting society news. One of the first precautions to a prospective society editor is not to accept announcements of engagements, marriages, and births of children from any others than the immediate persons concerned. In particular, one should beware of such news given by telephone. Too many so-called practical jokes are attempted in this way on sensitive lovers and young married couples. Many newspapers have printed forms for announcements of engagements and weddings. These are mailed directly to the families concerned and require their signatures.

=259. Sources for Society News.=--In cases of important news, such as weddings and charity benefits, the editor generally has little difficulty in obtaining all the facts needed. Some social leaders are naturally good about giving one details of their parties. Others, however, shun publicity even to the extent of denying prospective luncheons, dinners, and card parties--particularly if they are small--after all plans have been made, and the details may be had only after they know the reporter has definite facts. To get these first facts is often one's hardest task. Frequently one can acquire the friendly acquaintance of some one in society who likes to have her name appear with the real leaders. Men, too,--even husbands,--often are not so reticent about their immediate social affairs and are glad to give pretty society editors advance tips of coming events. But the best sources are the caterers, the florists, and the hair-dressing parlors.

The caterers are engaged weeks in advance. The florists provide the decorations. And the hair-dressing parlors are hotbeds of gossip. By visiting or calling regularly at these places one generally can keep abreast of all the society news in town. But always when getting news from such sources--or from any other for that matter--one must be sure of the absolute accuracy of all addresses, names, and initials. If one is not careful,--well, only one who has seen an irate mother talk to the city editor before the ink on the home edition is dry can appreciate the trouble that will probably result.

XVIII. FOLLOW-UPS, REWRITES

=260. "Follow-ups."=--"Rewrites" and "follow-up" stories are news stories which have appeared in print. The distinction between the two is that "follow-ups" contain news in addition to that of the story first printed, while "rewrites" are only revisions. Few news stories are complete on their first appearance. New features develop; motives, causes, and unlooked-for results come to light in a way that is oftentimes amazing. Sometimes these facts appear within a few hours; again they are days in developing; and occasionally, after they have developed, the story will "follow" for weeks, months, and even years without losing its interest. The Thaw, Becker, and Charlton stories ran for years. The first item about the _t.i.tanic_ disaster was a bulletin of less than half a stick; yet the story ran for months.

=261. Constructive Side of "Follow-ups."=--A reporter, therefore, must not consider a story ended until he has run to ground all the possibilities or until the new facts have ceased to be of interest to a large body of readers. Indeed, it is in the "follow-up" that the reporter has one of his greatest opportunities to prove himself a constructive journalist. There is every reason, too, for believing it will be in the "follow-up" that the big newspaper of the future will find its greatest development. At present, stories often are dropped too quickly, so quickly that the really constructive news is lost. A great epidemic sweeps a city, taking an unprecedented toll of life and entailing expenditures of hundreds of thousands of dollars. All the reporters grind out pages and pages of copy about the plague, but few follow the physicians and scientists through the coming weeks and months in their unflagging determination to learn the causes of the disease, to effect cures, and to prevent a recurrence of it as an epidemic. Yet such news is constructive and is of greater value probably to the readers than the somewhat sensational figures of the plague. For the scientists will conquer in the end, and all along the way their improved methods of cure and prevention will be of educational value to the public. So also with strikes, wrecks, fires, commercial panics, graft and crime exposures, etc.; the reporter is advised to follow the story through the weeks to come, not necessarily writing of it all the while, but holding it in prospect for the constructive news that is sure to follow.

=262. Following up a Story.=--The first story which the new reporter will have to follow up he will some day find stuck behind the platen of his typewriter. It will have been put there by one of the copy-readers who has read the local papers of the preceding morning or afternoon and has clipped this article as one promising further developments. The first thing to do is to read the whole story carefully. (As a matter of fact, the reporter really should have read and should be familiar with the story already. Familiarity with all the news is expected of newspaper men at all times.) Then he should look to see if the reporter writing the story has played up the real features. In his haste to get the news into print, the other reporter may have missed the main feature. A delightful case in point is a "follow-up" of an indifferent story appearing in a New York morning paper:

Because they were penniless and hungry, Charles

Ewart, 31 years old, and his wife Emily, living at

646 St. Nicholas Avenue, were arrested yesterday in

the grocery store of Jacob Bosch, 336 St. Nicholas

Avenue, charged with shoplifting. When arrested by

Detective Taczhowski, who had trailed them all the

way from a downtown department store, seven eggs and

a box of figs were found in Mrs. Ewart's handsome

blue fox m.u.f.f....

But the cause of the couple's pilfering was not poverty or hunger, as was shown by a clever writer on the _New York World_ who covered the story that afternoon. Here is his write-up, in which the reader should note the entire change of tone and the happy handling of the human interest features:

=CONFESSED SHOPLIFTERS=

Mrs. Emily Ewart, slender, pet.i.te, pretty, sat in

the police department to-day, tossed back her blue

fox neckpiece, patted her moist eyes with a

lace-embroidered handkerchief, carefully adjusted in

her lap the handsome fox m.u.f.f which the police say

had but lately been the repository of seven eggs and

a box of figs, and told how she and her husband

happened to be arrested last evening as shoplifters.

As she talked, her husband, Charles Ewart,

thirty-one years old, sat disconsolately in a cell,

his modish green overcoat somewhat wrinkled, the

careful creases in his gray trousers a bit less

apparent, and his up-to-the-minute gray fedora a

trifle out of shape and dusty. Nevertheless, he

still retained the mien of dignity with which he met

his arrest in the grocery store of Jacob Bosch at

No. 336 St. Nicholas Avenue.

Of course, you understand, it was really Mrs.

Ewart's fault that she and her husband should stoop

to pilfering from a hardworking grocer eggs worth 42

cents (at their market value of 72 cents a dozen)

and a box of figs, net value one dime. At least, so

she told the police. She too, she said, led him to

appropriate a travelling bag worth $10 from a

downtown department store.

If it hadn't been for her, young Mr. Ewart might

have gone right along earning his so much per week

soliciting theatre curtain advertis.e.m.e.nts for the

Bentley Studios, at No. 1493 Broadway, and might

never have run afoul of the police.

The Ewarts, so the young woman's story ran, came

here from Chicago two weeks ago. Of their life in

the Western city she refused to tell anything. But

since coming to New York, she admitted, they had

travelled a hard financial road.

Detective Taczkowski's attention was first called to

Ewart in a downtown department store yesterday

afternoon, when Ewart tried to return a travelling

bag which he said his wife had bought for $10.

Investigation of the store's records showed Mrs.

Ewart had bought a bag for $3.95, but that the $10

bag had been stolen. Ewart was put off on a

technicality and the detective followed him when he

left the store. Outside Ewart was met by his wife.

Into the subway Taczkowski shadowed them and at last

the trail led to the Bosch grocery on St. Nicholas

Avenue.

In the store, Taczkowski kept his eyes on Mrs.

Ewart, in her modish gown and furs, while Ewart

engaged a clerk in conversation. Suddenly,

Taczkowski alleges, he saw an egg worth six cents

disappear from a crate into Mrs. Ewart's handsome

fur m.u.f.f. Another egg followed, and another, he

says, until, like the children of the poem, they

were seven. When a box of figs followed the eggs,

Taczkowski says, he arrested the pair.

A search of the Ewarts' apartment at No. 646 St.

Nicholas Avenue, the police say, revealed a great

quant.i.ty of men's and women's clothing of the finest

variety. Mrs. Ewart, the police say, admitted she

had stolen the blue fox furs from a downtown store

and the police expect to identify much of the

handsome clothing found in the apartment as stolen

goods.

"We were hungry and had no money," Mrs. Ewart sobbed

at police headquarters. "We had all that clothing,

but not a cent to buy food. I am the one to blame,

for I encouraged my husband to steal."

Ewart and his wife were arraigned in Yorkville Court

before Magistrate Harris to-day and were held in

$500 bail each for further examination.[47]

[47] _New York Evening World_, November 11, 1915.

=263. New Facts.=--Generally in the "follow-up" it is the newly learned facts that are featured. In the case of a sudden death, for instance, it would be the funeral arrangements; in a railway wreck, the investigation and the placing of blame. The following stories ill.u.s.trate:

=Story in a Morning Paper=

Dashing through a rain-storm with lightning flashes

blinding him, William H. Blanchard, manager for the

Wells Fargo Express Company, drove his automobile

off the approach of the open State Street bridge

to-night and was drowned. Otto Eller, teacher of

manual training in the West Side High School,

escaped by leaping into the river. Eller says the

warning lights were not displayed at the bridge.

When the automobile was recovered, it was shown that

the car was not moving fast, as it had barely

dropped off the abutment, a few feet from sh.o.r.e. The

bridge was open because its operating equipment had

been put out of order by a stroke of lightning.

=The Follow-up=

The body of William H. Blanchard, manager of the

Wells Fargo Express Company, who lost his life when

he drove an automobile into an open drawbridge, was

recovered this morning about 100 feet from where the

accident occurred.

Investigations have been started by the coroner and

friends to place the blame for the accident. The

electrical mechanism of the bridge was out of

commission on account of a storm and it was being

operated by hand. Spectators declare no warning

lights were on the bridge.

=264. Results Featured.=--Frequently the lead to the follow-up features the results effected by the details of the earlier story:

=Original Story=

The total yield of the leading cereal crops of the

United States this year will be nearly 1,000,000,000

bushels less than last year. The government

estimates of the crop issued to-day showed

sensational losses in the spring wheat crop in the

Northwest, a further shrinkage in winter wheat, and

big losses compared to a month ago and last year in

corn and oats.

Both barley and rye figures also indicate greater

losses compared to a year ago than were shown in the

July government report.

=The Follow-up Next Day=

American wheat pits had a day of turmoil to-day such

as they have not seen since the stirring times when

war was declared in Europe.

Influenced by the startling government report

showing enormous losses in the spring wheat crop,

prices soared even more sharply than the wiseacres

had antic.i.p.ated.

They were 5 to 8 cents higher when the gong struck,

the report, released after the close of 'change

Tuesday, having had its effect over night. At the

close they registered a gain of from 10-5/8 to

11-3/8 cents for the day. Wheat had gone above $1.50

a bushel. Two months ago it was around $1.05.

=265. Probable Results.=--Where no more important details can be learned, it sometimes is wise to feature probable results.

A break in diplomatic relations between the United

States and Germany as a result of the torpedoing of

the Lusitania by a German submarine is the expressed

belief to-day of high Washington officials.

=266. Clues for Identification.=--In stories of crime, when the offenders have escaped, the lead to the follow-up may begin with clues for establishing the ident.i.ty of the criminals.

If a piano tuner about forty years of age, wearing a

pair of silver spectacles and accompanied by a

pet.i.te, brown-eyed girl twenty years his junior,

comes to your house for work, telephone the Boston

police. They are the two, it is alleged, who robbed

the Mather apartments yesterday.

=267. Featuring Lack of News.=--In rare cases the very fact that there is no additional news is worth featuring.

Up to a late hour to-night nothing had been heard of

Henry O. Mallory, prosecuting attorney in the Howard

murder case, who disappeared yesterday on his way to

Lexington.

=268. Opinions of Prominent Persons.=--An otherwise unimportant follow story may sometimes be made a good one by interviewing prominent persons and localizing the reader's interest in men or women he knows.

That the new eugenics law pa.s.sed by the state

legislature of Wisconsin yesterday is doomed to

failure from the start, is the opinion of Health

Commissioner Shannon, who was in Madison when the

final vote was taken.

=269. Summary of Opinions.=--Sometimes, indeed, it is well to interview a number of local persons and make the lead a summary of their views.

Widely different opinions were expressed by

prominent physicians, professors, clergymen, and

social workers throughout this city to-day on the

ethics of the course taken by Dr. H. J. Haiselden of

Chicago in allowing the defective son of a patient

to die.

=270. Connecting Links.=--In all these stories, the reader should note, sufficient explanatory matter has been included to connect the incidents readily with the events of the preceding days. This is important in every follow-up; for always many readers will have missed the earlier stories and consequently will need definite connection to relate the new events with preceding occurrences. It is also important for these connecting links to be included in, or to follow immediately after, the lead, because they give the reader necessary facts for understanding the new information--give him his bearings, as it were,--without which he will not read far into the story.

=271. "Rewrites."=--While most stories are not complete on their first appearance, it sometimes happens, nevertheless, that the first publication of an item contains all the facts of interest to a paper's readers and that priority of publication has been gained by another journal. Yet the story will be of interest to the readers of one's own paper and must be published. It is the duty of the rewrite man to handle such a story, and to handle it in such a way that it shall bear no resemblance to the story published by the other paper. For this reason the most skillful reporters on a daily are the rewrite men. They must find new features for old stories, or new angles of view, or new relations of some kind between the various details.