_Ans. Unamiable_.--The contrary? _Ans. Hateful_.

(2.) Give a word that is nearly a synonym of "amity." _Ans.

Friendship_.--State the distinction between these words. _Ans._ "Friendship" applies more particularly to individuals; "amity" to societies or nations.--Write a sentence containing the word "amity."

MODEL: "The Plymouth colonists in 1621 made a treaty of _amity_ with the Indians."--What is the opposite of "amity"?

(3.) Give a synonym of "amicable." _Ans. Friendly_.--Which is the stronger?

_Ans. Friendly_.--Why? _Ans._ "Friendly" implies a positive feeling of regard; "amicable" denotes merely the absence of discord.--Write a sentence containing the word "amicable." MODEL: "In 1871 commissioners appointed by the United States and Great Britain made an _amicable_ settlement of the Alabama difficulties."

(4.) What is the noun corresponding to the adjective "inimical"? _Ans.

Enemy_.--Give its origin. _Ans._ It comes from the Latin _inimicus_, an enemy, through the French _ennemi_.--What preposition does "inimical" take after it? _Ans._ The preposition _to_--thus, "_inimical_ to health," "to welfare," etc.

(5.) What is meant by an _amateur_ painter? an _amateur_ musician?

4. AN'IMUS, _mind_, _pa.s.sion_; AN'IMA, _life_.

Radical: ANIM-.

1. AN'IMAL: from Lat. n. _anima_ through the Latin _animal_: literally, something having life.

2. ANIMAL'CULE: animal + cule = a minute animal: hence, an animal that can be seen only by the microscope.

3. AN'IMATE, _v._: anim + ate = to make alive: hence, to stimulate, or infuse courage.

4. ANIMOS'ITY: anim + ose + ity = the quality of being (ity) full of (ose) pa.s.sion: hence, violent hatred.

5. UNANIM'ITY: un (from _unus_, one) + anim + ity = the state of being of one mind: hence, agreement.

6. REAN'IMATE: re + anim + ate = to make alive again: hence, to infuse fresh vigor.

EXERCISE.

(1.) Write a sentence containing the word "animal." MODEL: "Modern science has not yet been able to determine satisfactorily the distinction between an _animal_ and a vegetable."

(2.) What is the plural of "animalcule"? _Ans. Animalcules_ or _animalculae_.--Write a sentence containing this word.

(3.) What other part of speech than a verb is "animate"?--What is the negative of the adjective "animate?" _Ans. Inanimate._--Define it.--Combine and define animate + ion.--Explain what is meant by an "_animated_ discussion."

(4.) Give two synonyms of "animosity."

(5.) What is the literal meaning of "unanimity"? If people are of _one mind_, is not this "unanimity"?--What is the adjective corresponding to the noun "unanimity"?--What is the _opposite_ of "unanimity"?--Write a sentence containing the word "unanimity."

(6.) Compare the verbs "animate" and "reanimate," and state the signification of each.--Has "reanimate" any other than its literal meaning?--Write a sentence containing this word in its figurative sense.

MODEL: "The inspiring words of Lawrence, 'Don't give up the ship!'

_reanimated_ the courage of the American sailors."--What does "_animated_ conversation" mean?

5. AN'NUS, _a year_.

Radical: ANN-.

1. AN'NALS: from _annus_, through Lat. adj. _annalis_, pertaining to the year: hence, a record of things done from year to year.

2. AN'NUAL: through _annuus_ (annu + al), relating to a year: hence, yearly or performed in a year.

3. ANNU'ITY: through Fr. n. _annuite_ = a sum of money payable yearly.

4. MILLEN'NIUM: Lat. n. _millennium_ (from _annus_ and _mille_, a thousand), a thousand years.

5. PEREN'NIAL: through Lat. adj. _perennis_ (compounded of _per_ and _annus_), throughout the year: hence, lasting; perpetual.

EXERCISE.

(1.) Give a synonym of "annals." _Ans. History._--What is the distinction between "annals" and "history"? _Ans._ "Annals" denotes a mere chronological account of events from year to year; "history," in addition to a narrative of events, inquires into the causes of events.--Write a sentence containing the word "annals," or explain the following sentence: "The _annals_ of the Egyptians and Hindoos contain many incredible statements."

(2.) Write a sentence containing the word "annual."

(4.) Write a sentence containing the word "millennium."

(5.) What is the meaning of a "_perennial_ plant" in botany? _Ans._ A plant continuing more than two years.--Give the contrary of "perennial." _Ans.

Fleeting, short-lived._

6. ARS, ar'tis, _art, skill._

Radical: ART-.

1. ART: from _artis_ by dropping the termination _is_. DEFINITION: 1.

cunning--thus, an animal practices _art_ in escaping from his pursuers; 2.

skill or dexterity--thus, a man may be said to have the _art_ of managing his business; 3. a system of rules or a profession--as the _art_ of building; 4. creative genius as seen in painting, sculpture, etc., which are called the "fine arts."

2. ART'IST: art + ist = one who practices an art: hence, a person who occupies himself with one of the fine arts.

OBS.--A painter is called an artist; but a blacksmith could not properly be so called. The French word _artiste_ is sometimes used to denote one who has great skill in some profession, even if it is not one of the fine arts: thus a great genius in cookery might be called an _artiste_.

3. AR'TISAN: through Fr. n. _artisan_, one who practices an art: hence, one who practices one of the mechanic arts; a workman, or operative.

4. ART'FUL: art + ful = full of art: hence, crafty, cunning.

5. ART'LESS: art + less = without art: hence, free from cunning, simple, ingenuous.

6. AR'TIFICE: through Lat. n. _artificium_, something made (_fa'cere_, to make) by art: hence, an artful contrivance or stratagem.

EXERCISE.

(1.) What is the particular meaning of "art" in the sentence from Shakespeare, "There is no _art_ to read the mind's construction in the face"?