Enclosed are five cartoons and a possibly cryptic list, and this letter. They all relate to the word "rishathra."

"Rishathra" is a word used extensively in THE RINGWORLD ENGINEERS, a sequel to RINGWORLD, now two-thirds finished. It is one of the few words common to all of the Ringworld languages.

The word means "s.e.x outside of one's species, but within the horninids." Sometimes rishathra applies to intelligent hominids only, and sometimes not, depending on who (and what) you're talking to. A given species' att.i.tude toward rishathra, whether determined by custom or by biology, can be very important in trading, in treaties, in war.

Obviously, what Louis Wu was doing with Halrloprillalar was "rishathra."

I was having lunch with Bill Rotsler and Sharman DiVono a year ago, and I broached this subject. I had been jotting down a list of possible replies to the question. "Shall we do rishathra?" Bill looked it over. Then he started drawing cartoons. He's given me permission to send them to you for publication.

[image]Some of what's on the list of replies will go into the book. Some are useless. of course. "You do not have sufficient openings" would surely not apply to the hominids!

"SHALL WE INDULGE IN RISHATHRA?"

1)Sure.

2)You're too big/small.

3)If that's what it takes to make a trade deal . .

4)It is not my season. Can you wait around, or come back in a It is not my season. Can you wait around, or come back in a falen falen or so? or so?

5)Taboo!

6)Our species cannot. Please do not be angry/insulted. Our species cannot. Please do not be angry/insulted.

7)Only during our menstrual period. Day after tomorrow? Only during our menstrual period. Day after tomorrow?

8)Only with sentient beings. Would you mind taking a short intelligence test?

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9)Only with nonsentient beings. It lets us avoid becoming involved.

10) Does your companion indulge? (This would require long explanation, given that Louis Wu's companion is a kzin.) 11) Yes. We will choose you a companion if you will state your s.e.x.

12) May my family watch?

13) My family insists on watching.

14) We have certain practices to be used as a subst.i.tute . .

15) We must eat together first.

16) Our form of foreplay may be dangerous to you.

17) Can you function underwater?

18) No! You have the odor of a meat eater.

19) May we watch you with your companion? We will reciprocate . . . . (Sorry, Chmeee is male.) (Sorry, Chmeee is male.) 20) You do not have sufficient openings.

21) Negotiate first! Then discuss rishathra.

22) No, but we like to talk about it.

23) We would like to make tape recordings for our communal archives.

24) Only during our fertile period, as a means of birth control.

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I could have taken a transfer booth straight to the hotel, I decided to walk a little first.

Everyone on Earth had made the same decision. No two two looked alike. There were reds and blues and looked alike. There were reds and blues and greens, yellows and oranges, plaids and stripes. I'm talking about hair, you understand, and skin.

"Flatlander," 1967 .

MAN OF STEEL,.

WOMAN OF KLEENEX.

At the ripe old age of thirty-one (*Superman first appeared in Action Comics Action Comics, June 1938*), Kal-El (alias Superman, alias Clark Kent) is still unmarried. Almost certainly he is still a virgin. This is a serious matter. The species itself is in danger!

An unwed Superman is a mobile Superman. Thus it has been alleged that those who chronicle the Man of Steel's adventures are responsible for his condition. But the cartoonists are not to blame. Nor is Superman handicapped by psychological problems.

Granted that the poor oaf is not entirely sane. How could he be? He is an orphan, a refugee, and an alien. His homeland no longer exists in any form, save for gigatons upon gigatons of dangerous, prettily colored rocks.

As a child and young adult, Kal-El must have been hard put to find an adequate father figure. What human could control his antisocial behavior? What human would dare try to punish him? His actual, highly social behavior during this period indicates an inhuman self-restraint.

What wonder if Superman drifted gradually into schizophrenia? Torn between his human and kryptonian ident.i.ties, he chose to be both, keeping his split personalities rigidly separate. A psychotic desperation is evident in his defense of his "secret ident.i.ty."

But Superman's s.e.x problems are strictly physiological, and quite real.

The purpose of this article is to point out some medical drawbacks to being a kryptonian among human beings, and to suggest possible solutions. The kryptonian humanoid must not be allowed to go the way of the pterodactyl and the pa.s.senger pigeon.

I.

What turns on a kryptonian?

Superman is an alien, an extraterrestrial. His humanoid frame is doubtless the result of parallel evolution, as the marsupials of Australia resemble their mammalian counterparts. A specific niche in the ecology calls for a certain shape, a certain size, certain capabilities, certain eating habits.

Be not deceived by appearances. Superman is no relative to h.o.m.o sapiens.

What arouses Kal-El's mating urge? Did kryptonian women carry some subtle mating cue at appropriate times of the year? Whatever it is, Lois Lane probably didn't have it. We may speculate that she smells wrong, less like a kryptonian woman than like a terrestrial monkey. A mating between Superman and Lois Lane would feel like sodomy-and would be, or course, by church and common law.

II.

a.s.sume a mating between Superman and a human woman designated LL for convenience. Either Superman has gone completely schizo and believes himself to be Clark Kent; or he knows what he's doing, but no longer gives a d.a.m.n.

Thirty-one years is a long time. For Superman it has been even longer. He has X-ray vision; he knows just what he's missing. (*One should not think of Superman as a Peeping Tom. A biological ability must be used. As a child Superman may never have known that things had surfaces, until he learned to suppress his X-ray vision. If millions of people tend shamelessly to wear clothing with no lead in the weave, that is hardly Superman's fault.*) The problem is this. Electroencephalograms taken of men and women during s.e.xual intercourse show that o.r.g.a.s.m resembles "a kind of pleasurable epileptic attack." One loses control over one's muscles.

Superman has been known to leave his fingerprints in steel and in hardened concrete, accidentally. What would he do to the woman in his arms during what amounts to an epileptic fit?

III.

Consider the driving urge between a man and a woman, the monomaniacal urge to achieve greater and greater penetration. Remember also that we are dealing with kryptonian muscles.

Superman would literally crush LL's body in his arms, while simultaneously ripping her open from crotch to sternum, gutting her like a trout.

IV.

Lastly, he'd blow off the top of her head. e.j.a.c.u.l.a.t.i.o.n of s.e.m.e.n is entirely involuntary in the human male, and in all other forms of terrestrial life. It would be unreasonable to a.s.sume otherwise for a kryptonian. But with kryptonian muscles behind it, Kal-El's s.e.m.e.n would emerge with the muzzle velocity of a machine gun bullet. (*One can imagine that the Kent home in Smallville was riddled with holes during Superboy's p.u.b.erty. And why did Lana Lang never notice that that?*) In view of the foregoing, normal s.e.x is impossible between LL and Superman.

Artificial insemination may give us better results.

V.

First we must collect the s.e.m.e.n. The globules will emerge at transsonic speeds. Superman must first e.j.a.c.u.l.a.t.e, then fly frantically after the stuff to catch it in a test tube. We a.s.sume that he is on the Moon, both for privacy and to prevent the s.e.m.e.n from exploding into vapor on hitting the air at such speeds.

He can catch the s.e.m.e.n, of course, before it evaporates in vacuum. He's faster than a speeding bullet.

But can he keep it? All known forms of kryptonian life have superpowers. The same must hold true of living kryptonian sperm. We may reasonably a.s.sume that kryptonian sperm are vulnerable only to starvation and to green kryptonite; that they can travel with equal ease through water, air, vacuum, gla.s.s, brick, boiling steel, solid steel, liquid helium, or the core of a star; and that they are capable of translight velocities.

What kind of a test tube will hold such beasties? Kryptonian sperm and their unusual powers will give us further trouble. For the moment we will a.s.sume (because we must) that they tend to stay in the seminal fluid, which tends to stay in a simple gla.s.s tube. Thus Superman and LL can perform artificial insemination. At least there will be another generation of kryptonians.

Or will there?

VI.

A ripened but unfertilized egg leaves LL's ovary, begins its voyage down her Fallopian tube.

Some time later, tens of millions of sperm, released from a test tube, begin their own voyage up LL's Fallopian tube. The magic moment approaches...

Can human breed with kryptonian? Do we even use the same genetic code? On the face of it, LL could more easily breed with an ear of corn than with Kal-El. But coincidence does happen. If the genes match...

One sperm arrives before the others. It penetrates the egg, forms a lump on its surface, the cell wall now thickens to prevent other sperm from entering. Within the now-fertilized egg, changes take place...

And ten million kryptonian sperm arrive slightly late.

Were they human sperm, they would be out of luck. But these tiny blind things are more powerful than a locomotive. A thickened cell wall won't stop them. They will all all enter the egg, obliterating it entirely in an orgy of microscopic gang rape. So much for artificial insemination. enter the egg, obliterating it entirely in an orgy of microscopic gang rape. So much for artificial insemination.

But LL's problems are just beginning.

VII.

Within her body there are still tens of millions of frustrated kryptonian sperm. The single egg is now too diffuse to be a target. The sperm scatter.

They scatter without regard to what is in their path. They leave curved channels, microscopically small. Presently all will have found their way to the open air.

That leaves LL with several million microscopic perforations all leading deep into her abdomen. Most of the channels will intersect one or more loops of intestine.

Peritonitis is inevitable. LL becomes desperately ill.

Meanwhile, tens of millions of sperm swarm in the air over Metropolis.

VIII.

This is more serious than it looks.

Consider: these sperm are virtually indestructible. Within days or weeks they will die for lack of nourishment.

Meanwhile they cannot be affected by heat, cold, vacuum, toxins, or anything short of green kryptonite. (*And other forms of kryptonite. For instance, there are chunks of red kryptonite that make giants of kryptonians. Imagine ten million earthworm size spermatozoa swarming over a Metropolis beach, diving to fertilize the beach b.a.l.l.s...but I digress.*) There they are, minuscule but dangerous; for each has supernormal powers.

Metropolis is shaken by tiny sonic booms. Wormholes, charred by meteoric heat, sprout magically in all kinds of things: plate gla.s.s, masonry, antique ceramics, electric mixers, wood, household pets, and citizens. Some of the sperm will crack lightspeed. The Metropolis night comes alive with a network of narrow, eerie blue lines of Cherenkov radiation.

And women whom Superman has never met find themselves in a delicate condition.

Consider: LL won't get pregnant because there were too many of the blind mindless beasts. But whenever one sperm approaches an unfertilized human egg in its panic flight, it will attack.

How close is close enough? A few centimeters? Are sperm attracted by chemical cues? It seems likely. Metropolis had a population of millions; and kryptonian sperm could travel a long and crooked path, billions of miles, before it gives up and dies.

Several thousand blessed events seem not unlikely. (*If the p.u.b.escent Superboy plays with himself, we have the same problem over Smallville.*) Several thousand lawsuits would follow. Not that Superman can't afford to pay. There's a trick where you squeeze a lump of coal into its allotropic diamond form...

IX.

The above a.n.a.lysis gives us part of the answer. In our experiment in artificial insemination, we must use a single sperm. This presents no difficulty. Superman may use his microscopic vision and a pair of tiny tweezers to pluck a sperm from the swarm.

X.

In its eagerness the single sperm may crash through LL's abdomen at transsonic speeds, wreaking havoc. Is there any way to slow it down?