160 "my mouth shut": WHH to J. W. Weik, Nov. 19, 1885, HWC.

160 of their mother: The following paragraphs follow Donald, Lincoln's Herndon, pp. 188189.

160 "insolent witty and bitter": WHH to J. W. Weik, Jan. 9, 1886, HWC.

160 "in his line": Randall, Mary Lincoln, p. 117.

161 "not tempt him": W. D. Howells, Life of Abraham Lincoln (Springfield, Ill.: Abraham Lincoln a.s.sociation, 1938), pp. 6970.

CHAPTER SEVEN: THERE ARE NO WHIGS

For comprehensive overviews of the political events discussed in this chapter, see Allan Nevins, Ordeal of the Union, vol. 2, A House Dividing, 18521857 (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1947), and David M. Potter and Don E. Fehrenbacher, The Impending Crisis, 18481861 (New York: Harper & Row, 1976). Albert J. Beveridge, Abraham Lincoln, 18091858 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1928), gives extensive coverage to Lincoln's life during the 1850s, and, though it is marred by excessive dependence on Herndon's belated recollections, I have drawn on it frequently.

My account of the political realignment of the 1850s rests heavily on two important books by Michael F. Holt: The Political Crisis of the 1850s (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1978), and Political Parties and American Political Development from the Age of Jackson to the Age of Lincoln (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992). William E. Gienapp, The Origins of the Republican Party, 18521856 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), is definitive.

Don E. Fehrenbacher, Prelude to Greatness: Lincoln in the 1850's (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962), is a brilliant interpretation of Lincoln's reemergence as a political leader. Robert W. Johannsen, Lincoln, the South, and Slavery (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991), is an incisive account of Lincoln's growing concern with the slavery question.

The literature on Lincoln and colonization is extensive, but the best study, which offers full citation of previous works, is Michael Vorenberg, "Abraham Lincoln and the Politics of Black Colonization," Journal of the Abraham Lincoln a.s.sociation 14 (Summer 1993): 2345.

For Lincoln's unsuccessful bid for the Senate in 1855, see Matthew Pinsker's authoritative "Senator Abraham Lincoln," Journal of the Abraham Lincoln a.s.sociation 14 (Summer 1993): 121. Pinsker's unpublished paper, "If You Know Nothing: Abraham Lincoln and Political Nativism," is by far the best account of Lincoln and the Know Nothings, but Tyler Anbinder, Nativism & Slavery: The Northern Know Nothings & the Politics of the 1850s (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), is also useful.

162 "lived for it": WHH to W. H. Lamon, Mar. 6, 1870, Lamon MSS, HEH.

162 Congress in 1850: CW, 2:79.

162 "stands number one": Mark E. Neely, Jr., "Lincoln's Theory of Representation: A Significant New Lincoln Doc.u.ment," LL, no. 1683 (May 1978).

163 for his father: CW, 2:148.

163 "had ever engaged": W. D. Howells, Life of Abraham Lincoln (Springfield, Ill: Abraham Lincoln a.s.sociation, 1938), p. 69.

163 "construction of language!!!".: CW, 2:140141.

163 the "common mortals": CW, 2:144.

163 at the windows: WHH to Jesse W. Weik, July 10, 1886, HWC.

163 "and miserable man": WHH, "Lincoln's domestic Life," undated monograph, HWC.

164 "breakfast bell rang": Henry C. Whitney, Life on the Circuit with Lincoln, ed. Paul M. Angle (Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers, 1940), p. 68.

164 "been moderately successful": CW, 10:18

164 "a sort of lecture": CW, 3:374.

164 "Discoveries and Inventions": In Lincoln's Collected Works the editors showed two lectures on this subject (2:437442 and 3:356363), but through elegant detective work Wayne C. Temple has proved these were parts of a single lecture. For an illuminating account of that lecture and the circ.u.mstances in which it was delivered, see Wayne C. Temple, "Lincoln as a Lecturer on 'Discoveries, Inventions, and Improvements,'" Jacksonville Journal Courier, May 23, 1982.

164 "of using them": CW, 3:362.

164 "'died a bornin' ": WHH to Jesse W. Weik, Feb. 21, 1891, HWC.