102 "to jump far": WHH, "Lincoln as Lawyer Politician and Statesman," HWC.

102 "a few other books": Angle, "Where Lincoln Practiced Law," p. 32.

102 "things in order": Donald, Lincoln's Herndon, pp. 2122.

103 "his memorandum-book": Duff, A Lincoln, p. 117.

103 "person is illegal": Bailey v. Cromwell, 4 Ill. 71 (1841). See also the summary in Long, The Law of Illinois, pp. 1112. See also W. H. Williamson, "Lincoln and Black Nance," typescript in the Lincoln Legal Papers, which points out that Lincoln never represented Nance and did not win freedom for her; he simply demonstrated that her alleged owner "could not prove that she was a slave." The Northwest Ordinance forbade the introduction of slavery into the territory that later became the state of Illinois, but it did not emanc.i.p.ate slaves who were already residing in the territory. Nor did the Const.i.tution of Illinois. Moreover-as the Matson case, discussed just below, reveals-the law did not prevent slave owners from bringing their chattels temporarily into the state. The 1840 United States census showed 331 slaves still living in Illinois.

103 "privately by him": The file on Matson v. Rutherford in the Lincoln Legal Papers contains much valuable information. For the account of O. B. Ficklin, one of the attorneys who opposed Lincoln and Linder, see "A Pioneer Lawyer," Tuscola Review, Sept. 7, 1922 (in broadside collection, ISHL). See also Anton-Hermann Chroust, "Abraham Lincoln Argues a Pro-Slavery Case," American Journal of Legal History 5 (Oct. 1961): 299308, and Jesse W. Weik, "Lincoln and the Matson Negroes," Arena 17 (Apr. 1897): 752758.

104 "and b.u.t.ter involved": CW, 10:19.

104 "if we fail": CW, 1:305.

104 "case, if convenient": CW, 1:345.

104 to do so: For these cases, see William H. Townsend, Lincoln the Litigant (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1925), pp. 730.

104 money was received: Donald, Lincoln's Herndon, p. 33. The firm did have a partnership account at the Springfield Marine & Fire Insurance Co. (which performed the functions of a bank after the failure of the State Bank of Illinois), but it was used simply for the collection of drafts. Duff, A Lincoln, pp. 114115.

104 riders of the circuit: Paul M. Angle, "Abraham Lincoln: Circuit Lawyer," Lincoln Centennial a.s.sociation Papers, 1928 (Springfield, Ill: Lincoln Centennial a.s.sociation, 1928), pp. 1941; Benjamin P. Thomas, "The Eighth Judicial Circuit," Bulletin of the Abraham Lincoln a.s.sociation, no. 40 (September 1935): 19.

105 a nondescript buggy: Wayne C. Temple, "Lincoln Rides the Circuit," LH 62 (1960): 139143.

105 "two under them": William H. Herndon, A Letter... to Isaac N. Arnold (1937).

105 "coffee-pretty mean": Duff, A Lincoln, p. 198.

105 "a small kind": WHH to Mrs. Leonard Swett, Feb. 22, 1890, Leonard Swett MSS, ISHL.

105 prominent local attorneys: Angle, "Abraham Lincoln: Circuit Lawyer," remains the best evaluation.

106 "and hurrahing exercise": Herndon, A Letter... to Isaac N. Arnold.

106 visit to Springfield: Day by Day, 1:205. Charles Strozier (Lincoln's Quest for Union, pp. 116117) has calculated that Lincoln was absent from home for ten to fourteen weeks a year during the 1840s.

106 on the circuit: Paul M. Angle reckoned that Lincoln in 1853 earned $325 in two weeks on the circuit. "Abraham Lincoln: Circuit Lawyer," pp. 3637. Harry E. Pratt, using anecdotal evidence, arrived at a different figure. Pratt, Personal Finances, pp. 3738.

106 "and the swine": Harry E. Pratt, ed., Illinois as Lincoln Knew It: A Boston Reporter's Record of a Trip in 1847 (Springfield, Ill: 1938), pp. 3334.

107 ease the situation: I am grateful to Mr. Norman h.e.l.lmers, superintendent of the Lincoln National Home Site, for a careful drawing of the Abraham Lincoln cottage, 18461854, showing the extent of these changes.

107 had to labor: Baker, Mary Todd Lincoln, is the only biography that recognizes how much, and how hard, Mary Lincoln had to work. See esp. pp. 109112. The reference to the "wild Irish" is on p. 107.

107 and corset lace: Harry E. Pratt, ed., "The Lincolns Go Shopping," JISHS 48 (1955): 6581.

108 "love him better": WHH, interview with James Gourley, copy, Lamon MSS, HEH.